...are nothing but narrow "valley-network" channels with rows of parallel "fishbone-like" curved dunes running along the dust and/or sand that's accumulated on their floors -- the unfortunate Mr. Skipper has interpreted the sunlight-and-shadow patterns in them in the wrong direction, thus representing concave features as convex! This kind of feature is all over Hell's half-acre on Mars, and those curved parallel dunes are found in many places on Mars besides channel floors (although the wind blowing along such channels certainly makes it easier for them to form there). The very first MGS photo released -- of the floor of Nirgal Valles -- showed these features in closeup, and they are very common on Earth. See www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC99/pdf/1029.pdf So for Heaven's sake, let's not see sensational new phenomena where they don't exist. If there were visible lava tubes of any kind on Mars, the geologists would have trumpeted them immediately. == You are subscribed to the Europa Icepick mailing list: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Project information and list (un)subscribe info: http://klx.com/europa/