FWIW, under the usual definitions, the rationals are enumerable and so are 
a smaller set than the reals.  I'd suppose that if people can figure that 
out with our nifty fleshy brains, then a well-designed computer brain 
could, too.
-Gabe

On Friday, January 24, 2014 1:23:40 AM UTC-6, Brian Tenneson wrote:
>
> There are undecidable statements (about arithmetic)... There are true 
> statements lacking proof. There are also false statements about arithmetic 
> the proof of whose falsehood is impossible; not just impossible for you and 
> me but for a computer of any capacity or other forms of rational 
> processing. We'll never have a computer, then, that will work as a 
> mathematically-omniscient device. By that I mean a computer such that every 
> question that has a mathematically-oriented theme having an answer 
> truthfully can be answered by such a device. Calculators demonstrate the 
> concept but are clearly not mathematically-omniscient: you ask the 
> calculator what is 2+2 and press a button and "presto" you get an answer. 
> What I'm talking about would be questions like "is the set of rational 
> numbers equal in size to the set of real numbers", and get the correct 
> answer. So we will never have such a computer no matter what its capacities 
> are, even if computer encompasses the entire human brain. Unfortunately, 
> that means that even for humans, we will never know everything about math. 
> Unless something weird would happen and we suddenly had infinite 
> capacities; that might change the conclusions.
>

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