> Il 9 luglio 2018 alle 22.46 agrayson2...@gmail.com ha scritto: > > > > On Saturday, July 7, 2018 at 4:48:51 PM UTC-6, agrays...@gmail.com wrote: > > > > > > > > On Saturday, July 7, 2018 at 12:19:23 PM UTC-6, agrays...@gmail.com > > wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Friday, July 6, 2018 at 1:56:12 PM UTC-6, > > > agrays...@gmail.com wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Friday, July 6, 2018 at 1:22:03 PM UTC-6, Brent > > > > wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On 7/6/2018 11:44 AM, agrays...@gmail.com wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Thursday, July 5, 2018 at 5:14:34 PM > > > > > > UTC-6, Brent wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On 7/5/2018 3:55 PM, > > > > > > > agrays...@gmail.com wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Thursday, July 5, 2018 at > > > > > > > > 2:03:46 PM UTC-6, Brent wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On 7/5/2018 11:27 AM, > > > > > > > > > agrays...@gmail.com wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Wednesday, July > > > > > > > > > > 4, 2018 at 10:57:06 AM UTC-6, Brent wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On 7/4/2018 > > > > > > > > > > > 1:57 AM, 'scerir' via Everything List wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > No. I am asserting that the INTERPRETATION of the > > > > > > > > > > > > > superposition of states is wrong. Although I have > > > > > > > > > > > > > asked several times, no one here seems able to offer > > > > > > > > > > > > > a plausible justification for interpreting that a > > > > > > > > > > > > > system in a superposition of states, is physically in > > > > > > > > > > > > > all states of the superposition SIMULTANEOUSLY before > > > > > > > > > > > > > the system is measured. If we go back to those little > > > > > > > > > > > > > pointing things, you will see there exists an > > > > > > > > > > > > > infinite uncountable set of basis vectors for any > > > > > > > > > > > > > vector in that linear vector space. For quantum > > > > > > > > > > > > > systems, there is no unique basis, and in many cases > > > > > > > > > > > > > also infinitely many bases, So IMO, the > > > > > > > > > > > > > interpretation is not justified. AG > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ***SIMULTANEOUSLY*** was used by EPR in their paper, > > > > > > > > > > > > but that did not have much meaning (operationally, > > > > > > > > > > > > physically). > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Can we > > > > > > > > > > > > say that the observable, in a superposition state, has > > > > > > > > > > > > a ***DEFINITE*** value between two measurements? > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > No - in > > > > > > > > > > > > general - we cannot say that. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > It's in some definite state. But it may be a state for > > > > > > > > > > > > which we have no measurement operator or don't intend > > > > > > > > > > > > to measure; so we say it is in a superposition, meaning > > > > > > > > > > > > a superposition of the eigenstates we're going to > > > > > > > > > > > > measure. So it does not have one of the eigenvalues of > > > > > > > > > > > > our measurement. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Brent > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > So for the > > > > > > > > > > radioactive source, the superposed state, Decayed + > > > > > > > > > > Undecayed, does NOT imply the system is in both states > > > > > > > > > > simultaneously? > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > No, it is in a state that > > > > > > > > > > consists of Decayed+Undecayed. So in a sense it is in both > > > > > > > > > > simulatnaeously. If you are sailing a heading of 45deg you > > > > > > > > > > are on a definite heading. But you are simultaneously > > > > > > > > > > traveling North and East. And if someone was watching you > > > > > > > > > > with a radar that could only output "moving north" or > > > > > > > > > > "moving east" it would oscillate between the two and you > > > > > > > > > > might call that a superposition of north and east motion. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Brent > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > I see. But as I have pointed > > > > > > > > out, there are uncountably many sets of basis vectors that > > > > > > > > result in the same vector along the 45 deg direction. Thus, it > > > > > > > > makes no sense to single out a particular basis and claim it is > > > > > > > > simultaneously in both. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > That's where you're wrong. It makes perfect sense if > > > > > > > > that's the only basis you can measure in. That's why I gave > > > > > > > > the hypothetical example of a radar that could only report > > > > > > > > motion as northward or eastward. In some cases, like decayed > > > > > > > > our not-decayed, we don't have instruments to measure the > > > > > > > > superposition state. In other cases like sliver atom spin we > > > > > > > > can measure up/down or left/right or along any other axis. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ISTM, this is the cause of many of the apparent > > > > > > > paradoxes in QM such as Schroedinger's cat, or a radioactive > > > > > > > source which is decayed and undecayed simultaneously. I have no > > > > > > > objection using such a state to do a calculation, but I think > > > > > > > it's an error to further interpret a superposition in terms of > > > > > > > simultaneity of component states. What say you? AG > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > I say use what's convenient for calculation. Don't > > > > > > > > imagine your calculation is the reality. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > But the consensus, perhaps unstated or > > > > > > subliminally, is that the superposition is imagined as reality, > > > > > > which leads to cats and radioactive sources being (respectively) > > > > > > alive and dead, and decayed and undecayed, simultaneously. Isn't > > > > > > this what Schroedinger was arguing against? I have rarely, if ever, > > > > > > seen it argued NOT to interpret a superposition as reality as a > > > > > > proposed solution to these apparent paradoxes. AG > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > You just go > > > > > > around and around. You never put together the explanations you > > > > > > get. Decoherence shows that, in the presence of an environment, > > > > > > the wave function FAPP collapses into orthogonal quasi-classical > > > > > > states in fractions of a nano-second. That's why the Schroedinger > > > > > > cat story doesn't show what Schroedinger thought it did. BUT there > > > > > > are experiments, like silver atoms thru and SG in which > > > > > > superpositions of left+right persist, they are up polarizations for > > > > > > example; and we know they exist because we can prepare up states > > > > > > and then measure them left/right or measure them up/down. The > > > > > > latter, up/down measurement, would always yield "up" showing they > > > > > > were in an up eigenstate, even though they were also in a > > > > > > left+right superposition. But there are other cases where we can't > > > > > > measure the eigenstate (e.g. neutrino family) so we always describe > > > > > > them as being in a superposition because the eigenstate is > > > > > > operationally unmeasurable and we can't prepare them in an > > > > > > eigenstate. > > > > > > > > > > Brent > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > You also go round and round without answering a key > > > > question about decoherence theory. You refer to the infinitesimally > > > > short decoherence time of, say, the apparatus, but ISTM it has already > > > > decohered way before it is employed in any experiment. What then is the > > > > reasoning for including the apparatus in the superposition for the > > > > entire system, and claiming this wf represents the total system before > > > > any environmental interaction? BTW, what is a right + left > > > > superposition in SG measurement, and how is it relevant to this > > > > discussion? TIA, AG > > > > > > > > (My computer is being repaired, so I have limited > > > > library time for possibly a week or more. This means I will have to > > > > study some of your examples later before possibly responding.) > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Thinking about this some more, I agree that if one measures > > > in a particular basis, it is natural to express the wf of the system in a > > > superposition of this basis. However, where I disagree with your analysis > > > is that one doesn't need decoherence theory to resolve Schroedinger's > > > apparent cat paradox. This is because regardless of the natural basis > > > used, there is nothing in QM to allow, or compel us to interpret the > > > superposition as meaning the system is simultaneously in all component > > > states (which interpretation seems to produce an alleged paradox). > > > Moreover, although we cannot measure in other bases, the wf can > > > nevertheless be expressed in other bases, and sometimes the set of bases > > > is uncountable, again casting doubt on the legitimacy of interpreting the > > > superposition in terms of simultaneity of component states. Do you agree > > > or disagree? > > > > > > Also, when doing an SG spin measurement, I don't see that > > > right-left is well defined for a well-defined Up / Dn measurement. I also > > > don't see why the system is assumed to be in a superposition of right + > > > left, or why it persists after the measurement, or in what way these > > > facts -- if they are facts -- is in any way enlightening. I would > > > appreciate your comments on these issues. > > > > > > TIA, AG > > > > > > > > > > > > From Wiki; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_superposition > > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_superposition > > > > > > The principle of quantum superposition states that if a physical > > system may be in one of many configurations—arrangements of particles or > > fields—then the most general state is a combination of all of these > > possibilities, where the amount in each configuration is specified by a > > complex number https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number . > > > > For example, if there are two configurations labelled by 0 and 1, > > the most general state would be > > > > > > A|Up> + B|Dn> > > > > > > > where the coefficients A and B are complex numbers describing how > > much goes into each configuration. > > > > > > The principle was described by Paul Dirac > > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Dirac as follows: > > > > > > > > > > The general principle of superposition of quantum mechanics > > > applies to the states [that are theoretically possible without mutual > > > interference or contradiction] ... of any one dynamical system. It > > > requires us to assume that between these states there exist peculiar > > > relationships such that whenever the system is definitely in one state we > > > can consider it as being partly in each of two or more other states. The > > > original state must be regarded as the result of a kind of superposition > > > of the two or more new states, in a way that cannot be conceived on > > > classical ideas. Any state may be considered as the result of a > > > superposition of two or more other states, and indeed in an infinite > > > number of ways. Conversely any two or more states may be superposed to > > > give a new state... (underlining my emphasis) > > > > > > > > > > IMO, he's mistaken. There's no need for the underlined assumption. > > If anyone here disagrees, please offer your *argument*. TIA, AG > > > > > > Cat got your tongue Brent? Bruce out to lunch? No genuine seekers of > truth here? What's the rationale for Dirac's claim? I am all ears. AG >
"The non-classical nature of the superposition process is brought out clearly if we consider the superposition of two states, A and B, such that there exists an observation which, when made on the system in state A, is certain to lead to one particular result, a say, and when made on the system in state B is certain to lead to some different result, b say. What will be the result of the observation when made on the system in the superposed state? The answer is that the result will be sometimes a and sometimes b, according to a probability law depending on the relative weights of A and B in the superposition process. It will never be different from both a and b. The intermediate character of the state formed by superposition thus expresses itself through the probability of a particular result for an observation being intermediate between the corresponding probabilities for the original states, not through the result itself being intermediate between the corresponding results for the original states. (PAM Dirac, The Principles ......, second edition, 1947, page 12 ). > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Brent > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Same for cat, Alive + > > > > > > > > > Dead? Same for ( (Undecayed, Alive) + (Decayed, Dead) ) for > > > > > > > > > Schroedinger's composite system? If that's the case, why > > > > > > > > > would anyone think these states are in any way paradoxical or > > > > > > > > > contradictory? AG > > > > > > > > > > -- > > > > > > > > > > You received this > > > > > > > > > > message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > > > > > > > > > > "Everything List" group. > > > > > > > > > > To unsubscribe from > > > > > > > > > > this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email > > > > > > > > > > to everything-li...@googlegroups.com. > > > > > > > > > > To post to this > > > > > > > > > > group, send email to everyth...@googlegroups.com. > > > > > > > > > > Visit this group at > > > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list > > > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list . > > > > > > > > > > For more options, > > > > > > > > > > visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout > > > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/d/optout . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > > > > > > > You received this message > > > > > > > > because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Everything > > > > > > > > List" group. > > > > > > > > To unsubscribe from this group > > > > > > > > and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to > > > > > > > > everything-li...@googlegroups.com. > > > > > > > > To post to this group, send > > > > > > > > email to everyth...@googlegroups.com. > > > > > > > > Visit this group at > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list . > > > > > > > > For more options, visit > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/d/optout > > > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/d/optout . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > > > > > You received this message because you are > > > > > > subscribed to the Google Groups "Everything List" group. > > > > > > To unsubscribe from this group and stop > > > > > > receiving emails from it, send an email to > > > > > > everything-li...@googlegroups.com. > > > > > > To post to this group, send email to > > > > > > everyth...@googlegroups.com. > > > > > > Visit this group at > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list . > > > > > > For more options, visit > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/d/optout > > > > > > https://groups.google.com/d/optout . > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Everything List" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to everything-list+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com > mailto:everything-list+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com . > To post to this group, send email to everything-list@googlegroups.com > mailto:everything-list@googlegroups.com . > Visit this group at https://groups.google.com/group/everything-list. > For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout. > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Everything List" group. 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