There is a common misconception that "regulated" meant "governed by a
gov't agency."

  However there was, and still is, a very important sense of the word
which means "properly functioning."

  This term is still used when referring to the point-of-aim of all the
barrels of a multi-barreled firearm - such as the common
double-barrelled shotgun, or the relatively uncommon "drilling."

  There are many other contemporaneous examples of "regulated" or "well
regulated" having the meaning of "properly functioning" or something
close to that.

  My conclusion is that while "militia" means "all able bodied adults"
(at that time it only included men), adding the modifying "well
regulated" meant that the militia had to not only exist, it had to
function properly - which at that time required firearms, firearms
training and practice.

--henry schaffer
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