https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=114480
--- Comment #14 from Richard Biener <rguenth at gcc dot gnu.org> --- Created attachment 57829 --> https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/attachment.cgi?id=57829&action=edit smaller testcase Smaller testcase, shows the same compile-time issue at -O0. At -O1 it's a lot less bad but memory usage is better (8GB), so the slowness of the full testcase is likely memory bandwidth related. -O1 is then tree PTA : 20.59 ( 21%) expand vars : 9.19 ( 9%) expand : 14.26 ( 15%)