Glenn is drawing upon lengthy discussions of the problem of multiple definitions that we have had at OSI. Looking back I find that I first wrote about this issue seven years ago: https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2013/11/11/open-access-on-the-sea-of-confusion/
It might be better to call them concepts or models than definitions, but it remains that different people are calling for or allowing very different things as being open access. At one extreme we have, for example, the US Public Access Program, which is basically read only with a 12 month embargo for subscription articles. At another extreme we find born open with no restrictions on use. In between there are at least a dozen variations, many more if one counts small differences, like the CC BY variants. This wide ranging multiplicity of incompatible definitions is a very real obstacle to public policy. On a more distant topic, profit is a public good if it provides a public service. Food, for example. David Wojick Inside Public Access On Jun 26, 2020, at 1:55 PM, Kathleen Shearer <m.kathleen.shea...@gmail.com> wrote: Glenn, all, I don’t think there really is a large variation in current definitions of open; but there are some stakeholders who want to slow progress, and use this as an excuse :-( The issue of diversity is an important one, although not in the way that it is expressed by Glenn, (which is diversity in stakeholders goals - profit vs public good), but diversity of needs, capacities, priorities, languages, formats in different fields and countries. And these diverse requirements cannot be supported effectively by any one large centralized infrastructure, which will tend to cater to the most well resourced users (or the majority). While there are some international infrastructures that are appropriate, the “global commons” should also be composed of many localized infrastructures and services that are governed by, and can respond to, the needs of those local communities; and then we must figure out how these infrastructures can be interoperable through adoption of common standards that will allow us to share and communicate at the global level. This requires finding a delicate balance, a balance that possibly the UNESCO discussions can help to progress. As a UNESCO Open Science Partner, COAR brings this perspective to the table (as I’m sure some others will too). All the best, Kathleen Kathleen Shearer Executive Director Confederation of Open Access Repositories (COAR) www.coar-repositories.org > On Jun 26, 2020, at 11:47 AM, Glenn Hampson <ghamp...@nationalscience.org> > wrote: > > Hi Heather, Anis, Rob, > > It’s also important to note the emerging UNESCO model, which will be > presented to the UN General Assembly for consideration in late 2021. I > suspect (and hope) this model will be more “polycentric” and “adaptive” than > any of the current plans. > > As you know, many organizations have had an opportunity to submit comments on > UNESCO’s plan; indeed, global consultations are still ongoing. OSI’s > recommendations are listed here: https://bit.ly/2CL4Nm7. The executive > summary is this: “Open” is a very diverse space. Not only do our definitions > of open differ greatly, so too do our perceptions of the etymology of open > (whether we use BOAI as the starting point or just one point among many). > Also, critically, our open goals and motives differ greatly in this > community; open progress and approaches vary by field of study; and different > approaches have different focus points, principles, incentives, and financial > considerations. In short, our challenge of creating a more open future for > research defies one-size-fits all description, and it certainly defies > one-size fits-all solution. > > Recognizing and respecting this diversity, OSI’s recommendations, which are > based on five years of global consultations in collaboration with UNESCO, are > that a just and workable global plan for the future of open must do the > following: > > DISCOVER critical missing pieces of the open scholarship puzzle so we can > design our open reforms more effectively; > DESIGN, build and deploy an array of much needed open infrastructure tools to > help accelerate the spread and adoption of open scholarship practices; > WORK TOGETHER on finding common ground perspective solutions that address key > issues and concerns (see OSI’s Common Ground policy paper for more detail); > and > REDOUBLE OUR COLLECTIVE EFFORTS to educate and listen to the research > community about open solutions, and in doing so design solutions that better > meet the needs of research. > > In pursuing these actions, the international community should: > > Work and contribute together (everyone, including publishers); > Work on all pieces of the puzzle so we can clear a path for open to succeed; > Discover missing pieces of information to ensure our efforts are > evidence-based; > Embrace diversity. No one group has a perfect understanding of the needs and > challenges in this space, and different groups have different needs and > challenges. > Develop big picture agreement on the goals ahead and common ground approaches > to meet these goals; and > Help build UNESCO’s global open roadmap. > > Best regards, > > Glenn > > > Glenn Hampson > Executive Director > Science Communication Institute (SCI) > Program Director > Open Scholarship Initiative (OSI) > <image004.jpg> > > > From: scholcomm-requ...@lists.ala.org <scholcomm-requ...@lists.ala.org> On > Behalf Of Rob Johnson > Sent: Thursday, June 25, 2020 11:42 PM > To: Heather Morrison <heather.morri...@uottawa.ca>; scholc...@lists.ala.org; > Global Open Access List (Successor of AmSci) <goal@eprints.org>; > radicalopenacc...@jiscmail.ac.uk > Cc: Anis Rahman <abu_rah...@sfu.ca> > Subject: RE: [SCHOLCOMM] Knowledge and Equity: analysis of three models > > Dear Heather (and Anis), > Thanks for sharing this. I’ve also found Ostrom’s work on the commons helpful > in assessing some of the emerging issues in this area, and you might be > interested to read an article I wrote on Plan S and the commons, which also > references Ostrom’s principles. I reached very similar conclusions to you, > arguing that there would be a need for ‘polycentricity’ and ‘adaptative > governance’ for the Plan to succeed – echoing your observations on the value > of collective choice, adaptation to local conditions and ‘nested enterprises’. > > Johnson, Rob. 2019. “From Coalition to Commons: Plan S and the Future of > Scholarly Communication”. Insights 32 (1): 5. DOI: > http://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.453 > > Best wishes, > > Rob > > Rob Johnson > Director > > <image001.png> > > Follow us on Twitter @rschconsulting > T: +44(0)115 896 7567 > M: +44(0)779 511 7737 > E: rob.john...@research-consulting.com > W: www.research-consulting.com > > Registered office: The Ingenuity Centre, University of Nottingham Innovation > Park, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom > Research Consulting Limited is a Company Registered in England and Wales, Reg > No. 8376797 > --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > This communication and the information contained in it are confidential and > may be legally privileged. The content is intended solely for the use of the > individual or entity to whom it is addressed and others authorised to receive > it. If you are not the intended recipient, it is hereby brought to your > notice that any disclosure, copying, distribution, or dissemination, or > alternatively the taking of any action in reliance on it, is strictly > prohibited and may constitute grounds for action, either civil or criminal. > > > > > From: scholcomm-requ...@lists.ala.org <scholcomm-requ...@lists.ala.org> On > Behalf Of Heather Morrison > Sent: 26 June 2020 01:16 > To: scholc...@lists.ala.org; Global Open Access List (Successor of AmSci) > <goal@eprints.org>; radicalopenacc...@jiscmail.ac.uk > Cc: Anis Rahman <abu_rah...@sfu.ca> > Subject: [SCHOLCOMM] Knowledge and Equity: analysis of three models > > Abstract: > > The context of this paper is an analysis of three emerging models for > developing a global knowledge commons. The concept of a ‘global knowledge > commons’ builds on the vision of the original Budapest Open Access Initiative > (2002) for the potential of combining academic tradition and the internet to > remove various access barriers to the scholarly literature, thus laying the > foundation for an unprecedented public good, uniting humanity in a common > quest for knowledge. The global knowledge commons is a universal sharing of > the knowledge of humankind, free for all to access (recognizing reasons for > limiting sharing in some circumstances such as to protect individual > privacy), and free for everyone qualified to contribute to. The three models > are Plan S / cOAlition S, an EU-led initiative to transition all of scholarly > publishing to an open access model on a short timeline; the Global > Sustainability Coalition for Open Science Services (SCOSS), a recent > initiative that builds on Ostrom’s study of the commons; and PubMedCentral > (PMC) International, building on the preservation and access to the medical > research literature provided by the U.S. National Institutes of Health to > support other national repositories of funded research and exchange of > materials between regions. The research will involve analysis of official > policy and background briefing documents on the three initiatives and > relevant historical projects, such as the Research Council U.K.’s block > grants for article processing charges, the EU-led OA2020 initiative, Europe > PMC and the short-lived PMC-Canada. Theoretical analysis will draw on > Ostrom’s work on the commons, theories of development, under-development, > epistemic / knowledge inequity and the concepts of Chan and colleagues (2011) > on the importance of moving beyond north-to-south access to knowledge > (charity model) to include south-to-south and south-to-north (equity model). > This model analysis contributes to build a comparative view of > transcontinental efforts for a global knowledge commons building with shared > values of open access, sharing and collaboration, in contrast to the growing > trend of commodification of scholarly knowledge evident in both traditional > subscriptions / purchase-based scholarly publishing and in commercial open > access publishing. We anticipate that our findings will indicate that a > digital world of inclusiveness and reciprocity is possible, but cannot be > taken for granted, and policy support is crucial. Global communication and > information policy have much to contribute towards the development of a > sustainable global knowledge commons. > > Full text: https://ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/40664 > > Cite as: Morrison, H. & Rahman, R. (2020). Knowledge and equity: analysis of > three models. International Association of Communication and Media > Researchers (IAMCR) annual conference, July 2020. > > Comments are welcome, either on list or on the blog: > https://sustainingknowledgecommons.org/2020/06/26/knowledge-and-equity-analysis-of-three-models/ > > best, > > Dr. Heather Morrison > Associate Professor, School of Information Studies, University of Ottawa > Cross-appointed, Department of Communication > Professeur Agrégé, École des Sciences de l'Information, Université d'Ottawa > Principal Investigator, Sustaining the Knowledge Commons, a SSHRC Insight > Project > sustainingknowledgecommons.org > heather.morri...@uottawa.ca > https://uniweb.uottawa.ca/?lang=en#/members/706 > [On research sabbatical July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020] -- As a public and publicly-funded effort, the conversations on this list can be viewed by the public and are archived. 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