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PAS : KE ARAH PEMERINTAHAN ISLAM YANG ADIL
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The Etiquettes of Relieving Oneself
Shaikh ‘Abdullaah bin Saalih Al-‘Ubaylaan
I will begin first with that which is related to wudoo (Ablution).
But before that I will speak about the
etiquettes of relieving oneself, such as by urinating or defecating.
It is prescribed for the Muslim, when he desires to relieve himself,
that he distance himself (from the
people). This is based on what has been reported from Al-Mugheerah
bin Shu’bah (radyAllaahu
‘anhu) who said: “Allaah’s Messenger (sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam)
said: ‘Hold this container.’ Then
he walked away until he disappeared from me and relieved himself.”
Reported by Al-Bukhaaree and
Muslim.
This hadeeth is proof that one must conceal himself from the eyes of
the people when relieving
himself. In the Sunan of Abu Dawood, with a good chain of narration,
Al-Mugheerah bin Shu’bah also
reported: “When Allaah’s Messenger (sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam)
needed to urinate, he would
distance himself.”
And in the Sunan of Abu Dawood, with a hasan li-ghayrihi (acceptable
due to support) chain of
narration, Jaabir bin ‘Abdillaah (radyAllaahu ‘anhumaa) reported:
“When the Messenger of Allaah
(sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) would want to excrete, he would walk
away until no one was able to
see him.”
It is also prescribed for the Muslim, before entering the bathroom,
whether he is in a building or at
home or outside, to say before entering the bathroom or when sitting
down outside: “Allaahumma
Innee ‘Audhu bika min-al-khubuthi wal-khabaa’ith.” [O Allaah,
verily, I seek refuge in You from the
male and female devils]
This is based on what Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim reported from Anas
(radyAllaahu ‘anhu) that he
said: “When the Prophet would enter the bathroom, he would say:
“Allaahumma Innee ‘Audhu bika
min-al-khubuthi wal-khabaa’ith.” [O Allaah, verily, I seek refuge in
You from the male and female
devils]
The meaning of “‘Audhu bika” is: I seek refuge in You. “Al-Khubuth”
means the male devils and
“Al-Khabaa’ith” means the female devils. So one seeks refuge in
Allaah from their evil. This is since
the bathroom areas are the abode of the devils, as has been reported
by Zayd bin Arqam
(radyAllaahu ‘anhu) in Sunan Abee Dawood, who said that Allaah’s
Messenger (sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa
sallam) said: “Verily, these bathroom areas are inhabited. So when
one of you enters the bathroom
area, he should say: ‘Allaahumma Innee ‘Audhu bika min-al-khubuthi
wal-khabaa’ith.’” Its chain of
narration is authentic.
One should say “Bismillaah” before saying “Allaahumma Innee ‘Audhu
bika min-al-khubuthi
wal-khabaa’ith” due to what has been reported from ‘Alee
(radyAllaahu ‘anhu) who said: “Allaah’s
Messenger (sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) said: ‘The screen that is
between the Jinn and the private
parts of human beings, when he enters the bathroom area, is that he
says: Bismillaah (In the Name
of Allaah).’” Reported by At-Tirmidhee and Ibn Maajah and its chain
of narration is acceptable
(hasan) due to supporting evidences.
One should not lift up his garment until he lowers himself to the
ground, based on what Al-Bayhaqee
reported with a good (jayyid) chain of narration from Ibn ‘Umar
(radyAllaahu ‘anhumaa) that:
“Allaah’s Messenger (sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) would not lift
up his garment until he lowered
himself to the ground.” Likewise, he would screen himself from the
eyes of the people, based on
what Abu Dawood reported from ‘Aa’ishah (radyAllaahu ‘anhaa) with a
hasan chain of narration
according to Al-Haafidh Ibn Hajr, that she said: “Allaah’s Messenger
(sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam)
said: ‘Whoever desires to defecate, then let him screen himself.’”
It is also based on what Muslim
reported from ‘Abdullaah bin Ja’far, that he said: “The most beloved
of things that Allaah’s
Messenger (sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) would conceal himself with
when relieving himself was a
wide area with large obstacles or an enclosure of date-palm trees.”
It is forbidden for the Muslim to relieve himself on a road, which
the people use or in an area of
shade, where the people sit under. This is based on what Abu
Hurairah (radyAllaahu ‘anhu) reported
from Allaah’s Messenger, that he said: “Beware of the two things
which provoke the curse (of people
falling on you). The one who relieves himself on the road the people
use or in their area of shade.”
Reported by Muslim.
This applies generally to everything the people use, whether it be a
road, some shaded area or an
area where there are trees with fruits or in their water area (i.e.
for washing). It is not permissible
for him to relieve himself in these places, because he will cause
them to become impure for other
Muslims.
It is also forbidden for a Muslim to face or turn his back to the
Qiblah when relieving himself,
especially when excreting. This is due to what Abu Ayoob Al-Ansaaree
(radyAllaahu ‘anhu) reported
from Allaah’s Messenger (sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) that he
said: “When you go to excrete, then
do not face the Qiblah nor put your back to it. Instead turn (your
direction) to the east or the west.”
This hadeeth is agreed upon (i.e. Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim).
Furthermore this hadeeth was directed
to the people of Madeenah because to them the Qiblah was facing the
direction of the south.
It is also based on what Muslim reported from Abu Hurairah
(radyAllaahu ‘anhu) that Allaah’s
Messenger (sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) said: “When one of you
sits down to relieve himself, then
he should not face the (direction of the) Qiblah nor turn his back
to it.”
As for what is related to Istainjaa, which is removing impurities
from the front and the rear private
parts after relieving oneself, then the Muslim has the option of
choosing between using water or
stones when performing the Istainjaa.
So if he succeeds in purifying himself with water, then his Istinjaa
is valid, based on what
Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim reported from Anas (radyAllaahu ‘anhu) that
he said: “Allaah’s Messenger
(sallAllaahu ‘ayahi wa sallam) would enter the bathroom area, so I
and a youth would hold up a
water pitcher and a spear on either side, and he would make Istinjaa
with the water.” The spear
would be pitched in the ground and a garment would be placed on it,
such that he would be
concealed from the eyes of the people.
And if he succeeds in purifying himself by using stones or whatever
takes its place, such as toilet
paper and its types, his action is valid and acceptable. This is
based on what has been reported by
Al-Bukhaaree from the hadeeth of Abu Hurairah (radyAllaahu ‘anhu),
that he said: “I followed the
Prophet (sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) when he went out to relieve
himself, and he used to not turn
around. So I drew near to him and he said: ‘Bring me some stones
that I may wipe (clean) myself
with, and do not bring me any bones or dung.’ So I brought him some
stones (gathered) in the
corner of my garment and placed them next to him. Then I turned away
from him and when he
finished relieving himself, he used them (to clean himself).”
When using stones, the Istinjaa is not valid if less than three
stones are used based on the hadeeth
of Salmaan (radyAllaahu ‘anhu) who said: “Allaah’s Messenger
(sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam)
forbade us from facing the Qiblah when defecating or urinating. And
(he forbade us) from making
Istainjaa with our right hand and from using less than three stones
when making Istainjaa.” Reported
by Muslim.
It is also based on what Al-Bukhaaree reported from Ibn Mas’ood
(radyAllaahu ‘anhu) that he said:
“The Prophet (sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) went to defecate so he
ordered me to bring him three
stones.”
Combining the use of water and stones is what is most preferable.
But if this is not possible then
water is better because it terminates any traces of impurity. One
must not use his right hand when
cleansing the impurities from his private parts, based on the
afore-mentioned hadeeth of Salmaan
(radyAllaahu ‘anhu).
One must also not grasp his penis with his right hand while
urinating. This is due to what
Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim reported from Abu Qataadah that Allaah’s
Messenger (sallAllaahu ‘alayhi
wa sallam) said: “None of you should touch his penis with his right
hand while urinating. And no one
should clean himself with his right hand when defecating.”
Likewise, it is forbidden for the Muslim to make Istinjaa with
excrement or bones or something that
holds sanctity based on the afore-mentioned hadeeth of Salmaan, and
also from the hadeeth of
Jaabir (radyAllaahu ‘anhu) which is found in Saheeh Muslim:
“Allaah’s Messenger (sallAllaahu ‘alayhi
wa sallam) forbade us from wiping ourselves with dung or bones (when
answering the call of
nature).”
The reason for this forbiddance has been mentioned in Saheeh Muslim
from the hadeeth of Ibn
Mas’ood in that the bones are the food of the Jinn. (By the time the
bone reaches them), Allaah will
cover it for them with more meat than it had before. And as for the
dung (feces), then it is the food
of their riding animals.
This goes the same for the food of human beings and the food of
their riding animals – it is not
permissible for a Muslim to make Istinjaa with them.
Lastly, when one wishes to exit from the bathroom area, he should
say what has been authentically
reported in the Sunan of Abu Dawood from the hadeeth of ‘Aa’ishah:
“When Allaah’s Messenger
(sallAllaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) exited the bathroom area, he would
say: ‘Ghufraanaka.’” Meaning I
ask for Your Forgiveness. The reason for this is because since
Allaah has relieved him from this
harmful thing (excrement), it is the proper place to ask Him to also
free him from the harm of sins.
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