[linuxkernelnewbies] Virtio - Kernel based Virtual Machine

Sun, 08 Mar 2009 23:31:13 -0700

http://kvm.qumranet.com/kvmwiki/Virtio

Paravirtualized drivers for kvm/Linux

  • Virtio was chosen to be the main platform for IO virtualization in KVM
  • The idea behind it is to have a common framework for hypervisors for IO virtualization

  • More information (although not uptodate) can be found in kvm pv driver

  • At the moment network/block/balloon devices are suported for kvm
  • The host implementation is in userspace - qemu, so no driver is needed in the host.

How to use Virtio

  • Get kvm version >= 60

  • Get Linux kernel with virtio drivers for the guest

    • Get Kernel >= 2.6.25 and activate (modules should also work, but take care of initramdisk)

      • CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI=y (Virtualization -> PCI driver for virtio devices)

      • CONFIG_VIRTIO_BALLOON=y (Virtualization -> Virtio balloon driver)

      • CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=y (Device Drivers -> Block -> Virtio block driver)

      • CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET=y (Device Drivers -> Network device support -> Virtio network driver)

      • CONFIG_VIRTIO=y (automatically selected)
      • CONFIG_VIRTIO_RING=y (automatically selected)
      • you can safely disable SATA/SCSI and also all other nic drivers if you only use VIRTIO (disk/nic)

    • As an alternative one can use a standard guest kernel for the guest > 2.6.18 and make use sync backward compatibility option

    • Backport and instructions can be found in kvm-guest-drivers-linux.git

  • Use model=virtio for the network devices and if=virtio for disk
    • Example 

qemu/x86_64-softmmu/qemu-system-x86_64 -boot c -drive file=/images/xpbase.qcow2,if=virtio,boot=on -m 384 -net nic,model=virtio -net tap,script=/etc/kvm/qemu-ifup
  • -hd[ab] for disk won't work, use -drive
  • Disk will show up as /dev/vd[a-z][1-9], if you migrate you need to change "root=" in Lilo/GRUB config
  • At the moment the kernel modules are automatically loaded in the guest but the interface should be started manually (dhclient/ifconfig)
  • Currently performance is much better when using a host kernel configured with CONFIG_HIGH_RES_TIMERS. Another option is use HPET/RTC and -clock= qemu option.
  • Expected performance
    • Performance varies from host to host, kernel to kernel
    • On my laptop I measured 1.1Gbps rx throughput using 2.6.23, 850Mbps tx.
    • Ping latency is 300-500 usec
* Enjoy, more to come :)

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