And now:Ish <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: Date: Tue, 13 Jul 1999 13:11:04 -0700 Message-Id: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> From: arthur <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> >The UNITED PROPERTY OWNERS OF WASHINGTON (UPOW) and PROTECT AMERICANS' RIGHTS AND RESOURCES (PARR) in Wisconsin are the main >"constituent organizations." > >In the present study, we examined the origins, development, goals and >future directions of the Anti-Indian Movement. Over the twenty-three years >following 1968, we found that the U.S. based anti-Indian movement grew from >a half dozen non-Indian property owner groups in two states, to more than >fifty organizations in 1991. The first organized anti-Indian network formed >in 1976 under the umbrella of the INTERSTATE CONGRESS FOR EQUAL RIGHTS AND >RESPONSIBILITIES (ICERR). The ICERR linked on-reservation non- Indian >landowner opposition to tribal governments with off-reservation non- Indian >sport and commercial fishermen opposed to tribal treaty protected fishing >rights. The mixture of on-reservation and off-reservation conflicts >produced a sometimes confused, often distorted, attack on tribal >governments, the federal government - especially the judiciary - and often >bitter attacks on individual Indian people. ICERR formed the Anti-Indian >movement's populist and frequently racist ideology that attracted >legitimately distressed non-Indians as well as bigoted activists. > >During the ten years after emerging, the movement shifted from incipient >forms of racism and populism to a more virulent form of reactionary- racism >with subtle contours and technical refinements. Right-wing extremists began >in 1983 to assume a strong influence in the Anti-Indian Movement through >the Washington State bases STEELHEAD & SALMON PROTECTION ACTION IN >WASHINGTON NOW (S/SPAWN) organization. > >In the years that followed, right wing and militantly bigoted activists >gravitated to the Wisconsin-based PROTECT AMERICANS RIGHT AND RESOURCES >(PARR). Still later, right-wing personalities assumed positions within the >CITIZEN'S EQUAL RIGHTS ALLIANCE (CERA) and UNITED PROPERTY OWNERS OF >WASHINGTON (UPOW) organizations. > >The Movement evolved into its present structure from two property owners' >associations and a single umbrella organization (ICERR) in 1976. Today the >Movement boasts two "national organizations", five "coordinating local >organizations" and a consistent network of twenty-three "local >organizations" or "local contacts" and a claimed constituency of 450,000 >people. Though the Movement frequently targets the Quinault Indian Nation, >Suquamish Tribe, and Lummi Indian Nation (in the state of Washington), >Blackfoot, Salish & Kootenai, and the Crow in Montana receive strong >emphasis too. Politically active Indian tribes in Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, >Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, >South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin have felt the affects of the >network. > >In fifteen years the organizational and tactical focus of the Movement >moved from the state of Washington to Wisconsin and then back to Washington >again. Despite maintaining contacts in several states, the Movement >actually conducted major activities in only three tactical states. > >Though the organizational focus shifted from one state to another, the >ideological influence, tactics, and strategy flowed from Washington State >based personalities and organizations. The history of the movement >illustrated an important and revealing constant which helps understand the >Anti-Indian Movement: Consistent key organizers, and consistent >organizational base. Three groups (Quinault Property Owners Association >(QPOA - Quinault Reservation), Association of Property Owners, and >Residents in Port Madison Area (APORPMA - Suquamish Reservation), and the >Interstate Congress for Equal Rights and Responsibilities (ICERR) are >politically linked to each of the Movement's organizational efforts. While >the organizational strategy of the Anti-Indian Movement was to create a new >organization for each political or legal challenge to Indian rights, all of >the organizations have essentially the same supporting organizations. In >other words, though the number of "national or coordinating organizations" >increased in number, the number of organizers and activists remained >virtually the same - all had the same members. > >Four individuals have been involved in the organization of every >coordinating or national organization in the Anti-Indian Movement since >1968: GEORGE GARLAND (QPOA), PIERCE and MAY DAVIS (APORPMA) and BETTY >MORRIS (ICERR and QPOA). All come from the state of Washington. Garland and >Morris are mainly concerned with the Quinault Indian Reservation. The >Davises are mainly concerned with the Suquamish Indian Reservation. After >1983, these main anti-Indian activists were joined by more sophisticated >organizers from the right-wing elements of American politics. State Senator >Jack Metcalf, fund-raiser Alan Gotlieb, political organizer Barbara >Lindsay, lawyer David L. Yamashita, and National Wildlife Federation >activists Carol and Tom Lewis (all from Washington) joined the Movement. > >After organizing the Movement for twenty-three years, its leaders can >claim several successes: > >* Adoption by a slim majority in the state of Washington Initiative 456 > intended to create the public impression that Washington's voters opposed > Indian rights and the continuation of Indian treaties. - 1984 > >* U.S. Supreme Court decided a County government could exercise zoning > powers inside a reservation where non-Indians make up a substantial > portion of the reservation population - 1989. > >* The total number of consistent anti-Indian activists country-wide is > between 80 and 90 persons in sixteen states by 1991. > >* The number of persons participating in anti-Indian activities (including > meetings, protests, conferences, and letter-writing is an estimated > 10,850 persons country-wide by 1991. > >* The number of persons who contribute funds or letters of support to anti- > Indian groups is an estimated 34,150 by 1991. > >* A total of 50 local anti-Indian organizations or contacts, five > coordinating organizations, and two national organizations have been > created by the Movement mainly in the states of Washington, Montana, > Minnesota, and Wisconsin (not including organizations with other agendas > which closely identify with the Movement) by 1991. > >Though the Anti-Indian Movement is held together with a lot of smoke and >mirrors there is enough substance to it to seriously threaten the peace and >stability of Indian tribes in the United States. > >The Anti-Indian Movement has its roots deep in America's psyche. The >bigotry of right-wing and Far Right political extremes is also deeply >rooted in America's politics - especially in connection with Indians. The >implied or explicit belief in "white superiority" and "native backwardness >and inferiority" permeates American history. In the 1880's, U.S. President >Rutherford B. Hayes, Supreme Court Justice Waite and Civil War icon General >John Sherman advocated the DOCTRINE OF MANIFEST DESTINY. Senator Dawes of >Massachusetts was both an adherent to the Manifest Destiny doctrine and the >main sponsor of the GENERAL ALLOTMENT ACT of 1887. If was quite normal in >the U.S. Congress to espouse what now would be considered "white >supremacist" ideas. In 1899 Senator Albert T. Beveridge rose before the >U.S. Senate and announced: > > God has not been preparing the English-speaking and > Teutonic peoples for a thousand years for nothing but vain > and idle self-admiration. No! He has made us the master > organizers of the world to establish system where chaos > reigns... He has made us adepts in government that we may > administer government among savages and senile peoples. > >Theodore Roosevelt, John Cabot Lodge, and John Hay, each in turn, >endorsed with a strong sense of certainty the view that the Anglo- Saxon was >destined to rule the world. Such views expressed in the 19th century and in >the early 20th century continue to ring true in the minds of many non- >Indian property owners. The superiority of the "white race" is the >foundation on which the Anti-Indian Movement organizers and right- wing >helpers rest their efforts to dismember Indian tribes. > >The RWAIN Project reveals victims on all sides of a developing >controversy. Only a small number of people can be said to intentionally >provoke conflicts and violence between Indians and non-Indians. Due to >these Conflicts, victims of Indian and non-Indian conflicts fear one >another - the cycle of fear feeds on itself. The small number of people who >either gain politically or economically from Indian and non-Indian conflict >use bigotry to promote division and fear. Both contribute to the >destabilization of tribal communities and undermine tribal values. > >When democratic values are crippled, freedom and liberty become the next >victims. Authoritarianism, and terrorized societies replace free societies. >The Anti-Indian Movement threatens to produce just such results in Indian >Country. It also threatens to intensify rather than relieve conflicts born >from historical mistakes, which can be resolved peacefully through mutual >government to government negotiations. > >end page 3 > >Larry Kibby, Elko Indian Colony >Home Page - http://www.angelfire.com/nv/navalues/index.html >List Page - http://www.angelfire.com/nv/navaules/NAvoices.html > > > Reprinted under the Fair Use http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.html doctrine of international copyright law. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Tsonkwadiyonrat (We are ONE Spirit) Unenh onhwa' Awayaton http://www.tdi.net/ishgooda/ UPDATES: CAMP JUSTICE http://shell.webbernet.net/~ishgooda/oglala/ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
