Kenyataannya Bank Dunia justru memiskinkan banyak rakyat di berbagai dunia dan menguntungkan perusahaan2 AS.
Dengan hutang Rp 1600 trilyun saja para kreditor seperti Bank Dunia, IMF, ADB, dsb menikmati bunga Rp 160 trilyun/tahun dari Indonesia (asumsi bunga 10%/tahun). Bukan cuma bunga, dengan belenggu hutang mereka paksa Indonesia menjual BUMN2nya sehingga dapat dibeli oleh perusahaan2 AS dan konconya World Bank. Kekayaan alam Indonesia pun akhirnya sebagian besar dinikmati oleh MNA asal AS... === Belajar Islam sesuai Al Qur'an dan Hadits http://media-islam.or.id Milis Ekonomi Nasional: ekonomi-nasional-subscr...@yahoogroups.com Belajar Islam via SMS: http://media-islam.or.id/2008/01/14/dakwah-syiar-islam-lewat-sms-mobile-phone --- Pada Rab, 5/5/10, Indra Jaya Piliang <pi_li...@yahoo.com> menulis: Dari: Indra Jaya Piliang <pi_li...@yahoo.com> Judul: [LISI] # Ngaji Bank Dunia dari Wikipedia... Kepada: kabinet-muda-indone...@googlegroups.com Tanggal: Rabu, 5 Mei, 2010, 1:41 AM World Bank Group >From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search World Bank Formation 27 December 1945 Type International organization Legal status Treaty Purpose/focus Economic development, poverty elimination Membership 185 countries President Robert B. Zoellick Main organ Board of Directors[1] Website www.worldbankgroup. org The World Bank Group (WBG) is a family of five international organizations that makes leveraged loans, generally to poor countries. The Bank came into formal existence on 27 December 1945 following international ratification of the Bretton Woods agreements, which emerged from the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (1 July – 22 July 1944). It also provided the foundation of the Osiander-Committee in 1951, responsible for the preparation and evaluation of the World Development Report. Commencing operations on 25 June 1946, it approved its first loan on 9 May 1947 ($250M to France for postwar reconstruction, in real terms the largest loan issued by the Bank to date). Its five agencies are: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) International Development Association (IDA) International Finance Corporation (IFC) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) The term "World Bank" generally refers to the IBRD and IDA, whereas the World Bank Group is used to refer to the institutions collectively. [2] The World Bank's (i.e. the IBRD and IDA's) activities are focused on developing countries, in fields such as human development (e.g. education, health), agriculture and rural development (e.g. irrigation, rural services), environmental protection (e.g. pollution reduction, establishing and enforcing regulations) , infrastructure (e.g. roads, urban regeneration, electricity) , and governance (e.g. anti-corruption, legal institutions development) . The IBRD and IDA provide loans at preferential rates to member countries, as well as grants to the poorest countries. Loans or grants for specific projects are often linked to wider policy changes in the sector or the economy. For example, a loan to improve coastal environmental management may be linked to development of new environmental institutions at national and local levels and the implementation of new regulations to limit pollution. The activities of the IFC and MIGA include investment in the private sector and providing insurance respectively. The World Bank Institute is the capacity development branch of the World Bank, providing learning and other capacity-building programs to member countries. Two countries, Venezuela and Ecuador, have recently withdrawn from the World Bank. Contents [hide] 1 Organizational structure 1.1 World Bank Group agencies 1.2 Presidency 1.3 Current President 2 List of presidents 3 List of chief economists 4 List of World Bank Directors-General of Evaluation 5 Evaluation at the World Bank 5.1 Social and environmental concerns 5.2 The Independent Evaluation Group 5.3 Extractive Industries Review 5.4 Impact evaluations 6 Allegations of corruption 7 Criticism 7.1 AIDS controversy 8 See also 9 References 10 Notes 11 External links 11.1 NGOs [edit] Organizational structure Together with four affiliated agencies created between 1956 and 1988, the IBRD is part of the World Bank Group. The Group's headquarters are in Washington, D.C. It is an international organization owned by member governments; although it makes profits, these profits are used to support continued efforts in poverty reduction.[citation needed] Technically the World Bank is part of the United Nations system, but its governance structure is different: each institution in the World Bank Group is owned by its member governments, which subscribe to its basic share capital, with votes proportional to shareholding. Membership gives certain voting rights that are the same for all countries but there are also additional votes which depend on financial contributions to the organization. The President of the World Bank is nominated by the President of the United States and elected by the Bank's Board of Governors.[2] As of April 26, 2010 the United States held 15.85% of total votes, Japan 6.84%, China 4%, Germany 4%, France 3.75%, United Kingdom 3.75% and India 2.91%. As changes to the Bank's Charter require an 85% super-majority, the US can block any major change in the Bank's governing structure.[3] [edit] World Bank Group agencies The World Bank Group consists of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), established in 1945, which provides debt financing on the basis of sovereign guarantees; the International Finance Corporation (IFC), established in 1956, which provides various forms of financing without sovereign guarantees, primarily to the private sector; the International Development Association (IDA), established in 1960, which provides concessional financing (interest-free loans or grants), usually with sovereign guarantees; the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), established in 1966, which works with governments to reduce investment risk; the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), established in 1988, which provides insurance against certain types of risk, including political risk, aw primarily to the private sector. The IBRD has 185 member governments, and the other institutions have between 140 and 176 members. The institutions of the World Bank Group are all run by a Board of Governors meeting once a year.[2] Each member country appoints a governor, generally its Minister of Finance. On a daily basis the World Bank Group is run by a Board of 24 Executive Directors to whom the governors have delegated certain powers. Each Director represents either one country (for the largest countries), or a group of countries. Executive Directors are appointed by their respective governments or the constituencies. [2] The agencies of the World Bank are each governed by their Articles of Agreement that serve as the legal and institutional foundation for all of their work.[2] The Bank also serves as one of several Implementing Agencies for the United Nations Global Environment Facility (GEF).as per provision world bank donates loan at higher rate. [edit] Presidency Traditionally, the Bank President has always been a U.S. citizen nominated by the President of the United States, the largest shareholder in the bank. The nominee is subject to confirmation by the Board of Governors, to serve for a five-year, renewable term.[2] [edit] Current President Current President Robert ZoellickOn May 30, 2007, US President George W. Bush nominated former deputy secretary of state Robert Zoellick to succeed Paul Wolfowitz as President of the World Bank Group. The Executive Directors unanimously approved Zoellick, effective July 1, 2007, as the 11th President of the Bank for a five-year term.[4] Robert Zoellick is the former Deputy Secretary of the U.S. State Department and the former Chairman of Goldman Sachs' Board of International Advisors. He graduated magna cum laude from Harvard Law School and Phi Beta Kappa from Swarthmore College.[5] Zoellick announced in October, 2007 that his priorities for the World Bank included increasing efforts to reduce poverty in the world's poorest countries, increasing support for neglected Arab countries, increasing support for countries emerging from violent conflicts, addressing poverty in "emerging" economies like India and China, increasing emphasis on environmental issues (especially global warming), and improving access to treatments for HIV and malaria. [1] [2] [edit] List of presidents Eugene Meyer (June 1946–December 1946) John J. McCloy (March 1947–June 1949) Eugene R. Black, Sr. (1949–1963) George D. Woods (January 1963–March 1968) Robert McNamara (April 1968–June 1981) Alden W. Clausen (July 1981–June 1986) Barber Conable (July 1986–August 1991) Lewis T. Preston (September 1991–May 1995) James Wolfensohn (May 1995–June 2005) Paul Wolfowitz (1 June 2005–June 2007) Robert Zoellick (1 July 2007–Present) [edit] List of chief economists Main article: World Bank Chief Economist Nicholas SternHollis B. Chenery (1972–1982) Anne Osborn Krueger (1982–1986) Stanley Fischer (1988–1990) Lawrence Summers (1991–1993) Michael Bruno (1993–1996) Joseph E. Stiglitz (1997–2000) Nicholas Stern (2000–2003) François Bourguignon (2003–2007) Justin Yifu Lin (June 2008– ) [edit] List of World Bank Directors-General of Evaluation Main article: World Bank Director-General Evaluation Christopher Willoughby, Successively Unit Chief, Division Chief, and Department Director for Operations Evaluation (1970–1976) Mervyn L. Weiner, First Director-General, Operations Evaluation (1975–1984) Yves Rovani, Director-General, Operations Evaluation (1986–1992) Robert Picciotto, Director-General, Operations Evaluation (1992–2002) Gregory K. Ingram, Director-General, Operations Evaluation (2002–2005) Vinod Thomas Director-General, Evaluation (2005–present) [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
