Hi Dan, You could kill two birds with one stone (i.e. learn about both linear models and R at the same time) by using one of the many R-focused modeling references. Quite a few can be found in the contributed documentation section of CRAN. Here's one:
http://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/Faraway-PRA.pdf An answer to your question depends on which hypotheses you're interested in testing. The simplest is to test the overall effect of Method on Bacterial.Counts with: > f.aov <- aov(Bacterial.Counts ~ Method, data=d) > summary(f.aov) Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F) Method 3 29882 9961 7.0636 0.001111 ** Residuals 28 39484 1410 --- Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1 Then if you want to do pairwise comparisons with a default family-wise error rate of 95% you could use: > TukeyHSD(f.aov) Tukey multiple comparisons of means 95% family-wise confidence level Fit: aov(formula = Bacterial.Counts ~ Method, data = d) $Method diff lwr upr p adj Antibacterial.Soap-Alcohol.Spray 55.0 3.735849 106.26415 0.0319648 Soap-Alcohol.Spray 68.5 17.235849 119.76415 0.0055672 Water-Alcohol.Spray 79.5 28.235849 130.76415 0.0012122 Soap-Antibacterial.Soap 13.5 -37.764151 64.76415 0.8886944 Water-Antibacterial.Soap 24.5 -26.764151 75.76415 0.5675942 Water-Soap 11.0 -40.264151 62.26415 0.9355196 Another option is to use the lm function. > f.lm <- lm(Bacterial.Counts ~ Method, data=d) > summary(f.lm) Call: lm(formula = Bacterial.Counts ~ Method, data = d) Residuals: Min 1Q Median 3Q Max -72.50 -20.87 -1.00 18.13 101.00 Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 37.50 13.28 2.825 0.008629 ** MethodAntibacterial.Soap 55.00 18.78 2.929 0.006686 ** MethodSoap 68.50 18.78 3.648 0.001070 ** MethodWater 79.50 18.78 4.234 0.000224 *** --- Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1 Residual standard error: 37.55 on 28 degrees of freedom Multiple R-squared: 0.4308, Adjusted R-squared: 0.3698 F-statistic: 7.064 on 3 and 28 DF, p-value: 0.001111 With the default treatment contrasts, the results are tests for differences of each method from Alcohol.Spray. There are many other options for setting up the design matrix to test hypotheses of interest, and for making adjustments for multiple testing. Hope that helps, Kingsford Jones On Sun, Mar 29, 2009 at 11:01 AM, Dan Kelley <kelley....@gmail.com> wrote: > > I'm trying to follow along in a text by Velleman and others, with the > 'handwashing' example of anova. I used read.table() to read the data, and > now I have an object d (put below the dots here), with an entry Method that > has possible values "Water", "Soap", etc. What I can't figure out is how to > take this d$Method and use it in an aov call. I tried > > aov(Bacterial.Counts ~ Water + Soap + Antibacterial.Soap + Alcohol.Spray, > data=d) > > but this fails. Do I need to break d$Method up into columns for each > category, with boolean entries? Or is there a way to do this more cleanly? > > ... the data ... > > `d` <- > structure(list(Bacterial.Counts = c(74L, 84L, 70L, 51L, 135L, > 51L, 164L, 5L, 102L, 110L, 88L, 19L, 124L, 67L, 111L, 18L, 105L, > 119L, 73L, 58L, 139L, 108L, 119L, 50L, 170L, 207L, 20L, 82L, > 87L, 102L, 95L, 17L), Method = structure(c(4L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 4L, > 3L, 2L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 4L, > 3L, 2L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 2L, 1L, 4L, 3L, 2L, 1L), .Label = c("Alcohol.Spray", > "Antibacterial.Soap", "Soap", "Water"), class = "factor")), .Names = > c("Bacterial.Counts", > "Method"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -32L)) > > -- > View this message in context: > http://www.nabble.com/reform-data-for-aov%28%29--tp22769850p22769850.html > Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. > > ______________________________________________ > R-help@r-project.org mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > ______________________________________________ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.