A subset of my raw data looks like this:

--------------
"Grip"  "Technique"           "Baseline.integrated" "Task"
"Stroke..direction."    "Engag"               "Disen"
"PenDG"               "PenUG"               "PenDS"
"PenUS"               "Duration"
-------------
"Tripod","Barrel","Integrated",7,"S70",230,510,270,510,781,1011,1011
"Tripod","Barrel","Integrated",7,"S71","na","na","na","na","na","na","na"
"Round","NonPrefHand","Baseline",0,"S00","na","na",110,250,380,520,520
"Round","NonPrefHand","Baseline",0,"S01","na","na",220,360,460,620,620
--------------


I computed some values (times) from the raw data


---------------
t_p1=PenDG
t_c1=PenUG-PenDG
t_p2=PenDS-PenUG
t_c2=PenUS-PenDS
---------------


And I put those times in a data frame called "times". For each of these
times, I want to subtract the average for "Baseline" trials from the average
for "Integrated" trials within the "Grip" and "Technique" factors. Call
these differences the true cost of mode selection.


> truecost <-
function(time){as.numeric(tapply(time,Baseline.integrated,mean,na.rm=T)[2]-tapply(time,Baseline.integrated,mean,na.rm=T)[1])}

To help explain what the truecost function does:
> tapply(t_p1,Baseline.integrated,mean,na.rm=T)
  Baseline Integrated
  212.8000   252.8402
> truecost(t_p1)
[1] 40.04021


Then I try to create a table of average truecost as a function of levels of
a factor. I think this is the same error with tapply and by.


> tapply(t_p1,list(Grip,Technique),truecost,na.rm=T)
Error in FUN(X[[1L]], ...) : unused argument(s) (na.rm = TRUE)
> by(times,list(Grip,Technique),truecost,na.rm=T)
Error in FUN(data[x, , drop = FALSE], ...) :
  unused argument(s) (na.rm = TRUE)


Any ideas?


Thomas Levine!

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