COMPARATIVE ART HISTORY: THE BIENNALE PRINCIPLE

Location: National University of Arts, 28 Calea Grivitei - in the lecture hall.

Dates: 25-26 June 2010

Speakers: Jörg Scheller, Felix Vogel, Beat Wyss, Zdenka Badovinac, Jan May, 
Ursula Zeller, Annika Hossain, Susann Oehler, Razvan Ion, Marcus Graf, Li 
Zhenhua, Natasha Becker.

Organized by Bucharest Biennale and the Swiss Institute for Art Research.

In cooperation with the Swiss Institute for Art Research in Zurich (SIK-ISEA), 
Bucharest Biennale will host an international conference on the >Biennale 
Principle<. The agenda will address the genealogical aspects of Art Biennales 
by discussing the history of the Venice Biennale, as well as the present and 
future conditions of Art Biennales such as the Bucharest Biennale. The 
conference is based on the assumption that Art Biennales are foremostly 
Janus-faced. On one hand, they are part of the globalized art market and 
perpetuate its structures, rites and conventions - the homogenizing effect of 
Biennales. On the other hand, they often highlight local, regional or national 
idiosyncrasies - the heterogenizing effect of Biennales.
At SIK-ISEA, a team of international researchers is currently exploring the 
history of the Venice Biennale with a focus on the Swiss and various 
Middle-European pavilions. As the first Art Biennale ever, the Venice Biennale 
is a promising case study for the above implied dialectics of universalism - 
exceptionalism. Since its beginnings, the exhibition at the Giardini in Venice 
has served as an arena for bringing various nations together and engaging them 
in discourse. At the same time, it shed light on or even ignited rivalries 
between nations. As a heir of the World Fairs in the field of art, the Venice 
Biennale displays the same simultaneity of competition/mutual exchange, 
universalism/exceptionalism, inclusion/exclusion as its predecessors.
While curators, artists and politicians often pursued quite different or even 
incommensurable objectives, depending on their respective cultural backgrounds, 
the Venice Biennale was and is altogether a more or less conservative, 
consensus-oriented event. In most cases, the art nations involved follow(ed) 
the dominant narratives of art history and the dominant international artistic 
styles in order to adapt to the cultural lead currencies. Marginal 
progressivist avant-garde movements were hardly ever considered, whereas in 
recent times, the label >avant-garde< has become institutionalized, pacified 
and absorbed in mainstream discourse.
On a structural level, the Venice Biennale was (and to this day is) based on a 
comparative scheme, realized through national pavilions, thus allowing for the 
association and disassociation of cultural policies and aesthetic programmes. 
However, the assembly of national pavilions does not provide insight into the 
>nature< or >essence< of nations, but rather into the manifold ways of 
constructing, inventing and representing concepts of (inter-, trans-)national 
or (inter-, trans-)cultural identities.
One of the most promising research methods for exploring the Venice Biennale 
and its various contemporary successors is "Comparative Art History". This 
methodological approach has recently been coined by Piotr Piotrowski 
(Uniwersytet im. Adama Mieckiewicza, Poznan, Poland) who also speaks of 
"horizontal art history" as opposed to "vertical art history". The latter 
implies a certain dominance of the Western cultural centers over the so called 
>peripheries< or >margins< in East-Central Europe. Comparative Art History 
seeks to abolish such implicitly judgmental hierarchies by highlighting the 
specific modes of local and regional art reception and art production. It 
allows for the analysis of unity and diversity at the same time.
Precisely looking behind the curtains of the >Biennale Principle< casts 
universalist notions of art history into doubt and demands the renunciation of 
homogenizing, self-contained narratives of art history. The question is not 
only: who and what was shown at this Biennale or that Biennale? But also: what 
was not shown? And why was it not shown? Moreover, it is evident that certain 
styles and discourses indeed have transcended - and more than ever do transcend 
- national boundaries, but nevertheless take on different meanings in different 
social, political and cultural contexts.
In summary, the conference will address and discuss the potentials of 
Comparative Art History in the field of Biennale studies, starting from the 
Swiss pavilion in Venice, continuing with lectures on further national 
pavilions (see below) and finally tracing the modifications and variations of 
the >Biennale Principle< by the example of more recent Biennales such as the 
Istanbul Biennale or the Bucharest Biennale.
 
Bucharest Biennale wish to address a special thanks to prof. dr. Beat Wyss for 
making possible this conference and to prof. dr. Ruxandra Demetrescu for 
hosting the event..

Schedule

Friday, June 25

15.00 Reception
15.30 Welcome / introduction (Jörg Scheller, Felix Vogel, Beat Wyss)
16.00 Opening lecture (Zdenka Badovinac)
16.45 Discussion
17.00 Biennales and Academic Research (Ursula Zeller)
17.30 Venice Biennale I: Cultural Policy (Jan May)
18.00 Discussion
18.15 Coffee break
18.30 Venice Biennale II: The US-American Pavilion (Annika Hossain)
19.00 Venice Biennale III: The Swiss Pavilion (Susann Oehler)
19.30 Discusssion

Saturday, June 26

09.30 Reception
10.00 Recent Biennales: Bucharest Biennale (Felix Vogel / Razvan Ion)
10.30 Recent Biennales: Istanbul Biennale (Marcus Graf)
11.00 Discussion
11.15 Coffee Break
11.30 Recent Biennales: Asian Biennales (Li Zhenhua)
12.00 Recent Biennales: Johannesburg Biennale (Natasha Becker)
12.30 Final discussion

Image: BUCHAREST BIENNALE 4, "Handlung. On Producing Possibilities", curated by 
Felix Vogel, image from the installation, 2010. Courtesy PAVILION - journal for 
politics and culture. (Here from left to right installation of: Ângela 
Ferreira, Åsa Sonjasdotter).




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BUCHAREST BIENNALE
Bucharest International Biennial for Contemporary Art
proudly supported by PILSNER URQUELL

Sos. Nicolae Titulescu 1 (Piata Victoriei)
Bucharest  011131 Romania
T: + 4 031 103 4131
E: pavil...@pavilionmagazine.org
www.bucharestbiennale.org

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Facebook: www.facebook.com/pavilionjournal
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This is a project by PAVILION - journal for politics and culture. 
www.pavilionjournal.org

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PAVILION, BUCHAREST BIENNALE and PAVILION UNICREDIT are projects devised and 
founded by Razvan Ion and Eugen Radescu

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Proudly sponsored by: Pilsner Urquell
Strategic partner: UniCredit Tiriac Bank
Supported by: Austrian Cultural Forum, British Council, Centre for Visual 
Introspection, Danish Arts Council, dgARTES, French Cultural Institute, French 
Embassy, FRAME Finland, Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, FSPUB (Faculty of 
Political Science, Bucharest University), National Geology Museum, IASPIS, IFA 
Germany, laBOMBA, Ministerio da Cultura, Mondriaan Foundation, Netherlands 
Embassy in Bucharest, OCA Norway, ParadisGaraj, Polish Institute, Romanian 
Cultural Institute, Romanian Cultural Institute New York, Romanian Institute of 
Geology, Rumanska Kulturinstitutet Stockholm, Seacex, UNArte (National 
University of Arts, Bucharest), FRAME - Finnish Fund for Art Exchange.
Media partners: 22 Magazine, Afterall, Alternativ, Arhitectura, Cabinet, Cura 
Magazine, Euromedia, Framework, Kaleidoscope, Metropotam, Modernism, Mute, Oops 
Media, Open, Radical Philosophy, Springerin, VeiozaArte, Vicious Vitamins, Zile 
si Nopti.

Official coffee: Illy

Official hotel: Intercontinental Bucharest

Printing partner: First Advertising

Official club: Control

Production partner: UpDate Advertising

Official city guide: City Compass

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