[android-beginners] Re: Problem with Ecplise android plugin install
Congrats for at least covering the likely SuSE specific issues and finally arriving at what might be a more generic problem with the Eclipse Plugin which ironically might be much easier to find the solution... If you're looking at what I think is your problem, the common solution is to download the plugin to the local machine, then install thereby bypassing whatever odd network connection quirk is widely reported. Tony - Original Message - From: yodaa yodaa...@gmail.com Sent: Sat, 8/22/2009 6:13am To: Android Beginners android-beginners@googlegroups.com Subject: [android-beginners] Problem with Ecplise android plugin install Hello, I'm running Eclipse Ganymede Version: 3.4.0 Build id: I20080617-2000, under Linux OpenSuse 11.1 (KDE). I've installed Eclipse with from OpenSuse Open source repository. To achieve Android SDK installation, I tried to follow the official tutorial: http://developer.android.com/sdk/1.5_r3/installing.html. 1 ) I've downloaded the android SDK : http://developer.android.com/sdk/download.html?v=android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3.zip 2 ) I unzipped the Androis SDK in the directory: /home/username/workspace/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r3 3 ) I've edited .bashrc : /home/username/.bashrc: Adding the PATH variable: test -s ~/.alias . ~/.alias || true export PATH=${PATH}:/home/username/workspace/android-sdk- linux_x86-1.5_r3/tools 4 ) After reboot, I try to use (under Eclipse) Help Software Updates: I got the error messsage Cannot launch the Update UI.This installation has not been configured properly for Software Updates., so after a bit of googling I follow edited the ecplise prefrences (under Window Preferences General Capabilities) and check the classic update box. New entry (also called Software Updates) appeared in my Help menu, giving access to sub-menus : - Find and install - Manage Configuration 5 ) I choosed Find and install Search for new features to install New remote site Name: Android SDK Plugin URL: https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/ 6 ) After validation, The update showed features to install list : Android SDK Plugin -- Developer tools -- Android development Tools 0.9.1.v200905011822-1621 -- Android DDMS 0.9.1.v200905011822-1621 When I selected all features I got an error message : Current configuration contains errors that are not corrected by the requested operation and more errors would be introduced. See details for more information. - Current configuration problems - Resulting configuration does not contain the platform. - Configuration problems after the operation - Resulting configuration does not contain the platform. Android Development Tools (0.9.1.v200905011822-1621) requires plug- in org.eclipse.gef. I also tried the http link instead of https but the problem doesn't seem to be related to network connexion or protocol. Any Ideas ? Thanks --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups Android Beginners group. To post to this group, send email to android-beginners@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to android-beginners-unsubscr...@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners?hl=en -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
[android-beginners] FYI - Android LiveCD, VMware
Awhile back on this group was mentioned at least once whether it was possible to launch Android in VMware. A little over 24 hrs ago the Android LiveCD project released its latest (v.0.3) and IMO it looks pretty good in VMware. http://code.google.com/p/live-android/ Some notes: - I strongly recommend the torrent download instead of the other options. You'll get it faster and as a single ISO. Not sure yet why the other downloads require two separate downloads, then joining the files. - There doesn't seem to be any documentation anywhere on how to access the hardware buttons in the emulator, but are implemented as I'm describing... Sorry, if you're not using a Windows OS and/or a Windows keyboard, you're SOL... ESCBack Left Windows Key Home Right Windows Key Menu TabGoogle Search - There seems to still be some issues running the LiveCD or USB emulators directly on certain hardware, but it looks like there are no problems running in any of the major virtualization environments like VMware, VMware Fusion, VirtualBox. - Latest version looks like it now enables the DHCP client by default. Was a big issue with previous versions. In fact, it now just works and reading the README isn't as critical anymore. - Some people seem to have expected the anticipated Chrome OS, but this is only the Android mobile OS running on an x86. Although I haven't yet tried to run any dev application code, I can't see why there should be any issue. Just use some TCP/IP solution to transfer the APK to the emulator and execute. Tony --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups Android Beginners group. To post to this group, send email to android-beginners@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to android-beginners-unsubscr...@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners?hl=en -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
[android-beginners] Re: adb - for developer handsets only
You can run adb against any Android device connected in debugging mode (supported on at least the G1). ADB basically enables a remote console to your device, although technically ADB will generally work carriers like T-Mobile may/are putting their own restrictions on what you can do from the local console (using ADB or launching a console locally on the phone). So, for instance of the commands you currently list, remount, push and install will work but root will not. BTW - I found that push (and likely pull) only works for small files (a few megabytes only). Anything larger than just a few megabytes appears to not only lockup but also dump unreadable files thereby requiring a reformat (I was trying to push to a SDCARD). Tony - Original Message - From: Shawn Brown big.coffee.lo...@gmail.com Sent: Sat, 7/4/2009 4:54am To: android-beginners@googlegroups.com Subject: [android-beginners] adb - for developer handsets only Hello, Is adb for developer phones only? I can't tell from the docs -- Android Debug Bridge (adb) is a versatile tool lets you manage the state of an emulator instance or Android-powered device!. For instance, if I have a regular phone , could I run ... adb kill-server adb root adb remount adb push test/test.ttf /system/fonts/ adb install test/test.apk or do I need a developer phone for this. Thanks for your reply. Shawn --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups Android Beginners group. To post to this group, send email to android-beginners@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to android-beginners-unsubscr...@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners?hl=en -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
[android-beginners] Re: creating an avd
I don't think there is such thing as an AVD utility, at least there isn't such a thing in my SDK. Tony - Original Message - From: ain kodeni...@gmail.com Sent: Mon, 6/29/2009 10:05pm To: Android Beginners android-beginners@googlegroups.com Subject: [android-beginners] creating an avd Ihave looked around on the internet for a solution to this. I have tried creating and avd but this does not seem to work. I have been looking around online for 4 hours and all the solutions out there I have tried and non seems to be working. when I try to create and avd using the following command C:\Documents and Settings\Sam\Desktop\dotEXE\android-sdk- windows-1.5_r2\toolsandroid create avd -n hellosam -t 1 I get the following error: Error: C:\Documents and Settings\Sam \.android\avd\helloIan.ini (The system cannot find the path specified) This is what am using. I am using the latest SDk in windows and Ihave the Eclipese Galileo. This is on windows XP. I am really stumped. I have restarted my pc but nothing is working. I have pulled out my hair enough.I am my wits end. I try to avoid posting because I usually find my answer by looking through the forums but so far nothing is working. --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups Android Beginners group. To post to this group, send email to android-beginners@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to android-beginners-unsubscr...@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners?hl=en -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
[android-beginners] Re: Learn marketing online with 6 videos, free here:
ListAdmins? All the spam over the past week has been coming from this account... Tony - Original Message - From: Huynh Nhu Thuy nhuthuy.hu...@gmail.com Sent: Mon, 6/29/2009 6:37pm To: Android Beginners android-beginners@googlegroups.com Subject: [android-beginners] Learn marketing online with 6 videos, free here: Learn marketing online with 6 videos, free here: http://hd-family.blogspot.com/2009/06/learn-marketing-online-with-6-videos.html Learn marketing at home with this videos. http://hd-family.blogspot.com The Fast and Furious (2009) Download now! Download here: http://hd-family.blogspot.com/2009/06/fast-and-furious-4-2009.html Heading back to the streets where it all began, two men rejoin two women to blast muscle, tuner and exotic cars across Los Angeles and floor through the Mexican desert. When a crime brings them back to L.A., fugitive ex-con Dom Toretto reignites his feud with agent Brian O'Connor. But as they are forced to confront a shared enemy, Dom and Brian must give in to an uncertain new trust if they hope to outmaneuver him. And from convoy heists to precision tunnel crawls across international lines, two men will find the best way to get revenge: push the limits of what's possible behind the wheel. Traler here: http://hd-family.blogspot.com/2009/06/fast-and-furious-4-2009.html --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups Android Beginners group. To post to this group, send email to android-beginners@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to android-beginners-unsubscr...@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners?hl=en -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
[android-beginners] Re: How to test Sipdroid using an emulator?
I'm interested in this as well... At least with my experience with Visual Studio, normally you can't import an install package unless the IDE (in this case Eclipse) has the ability to reverse engineer and extract the source code from the package. I'm also interested in whether Eclipse can be used to debug an Android project, so far unless I'm missing something although Eclipse (with the Android plugin) can make an APK, because running the APK isn't integrated into Eclipse I'm not sure how how the debugger is wired up to the running application. Tony From: Personality mr.pers...@gmail.com Sent: Sat, 6/27/2009 6:16am To: android-beginners@googlegroups.com ; nikradf...@googlemail.com Subject: [android-beginners] Re: How to test Sipdroid using an emulator? Thank you for your response. But intention is to run the application using the ADT plugin in Eclipse (which includes the emulator). How do I add this application package as an Eclipse project? I think if I can succeed to that point- then I can complete the work. On Sat, Jun 27, 2009 at 8:11 AM, Nicholas Radford nikradf...@googlemail.com wrote: assuming you have a .apk file adb install package file example adb install myPackage.apk This will require the emulator to have been started, and no android devices connected via usb. On Fri, Jun 26, 2009 at 2:57 AM, Personality mr.pers...@gmail.com wrote: Hello. I have downloaded Sipdroid and I want to test how it works so that I can learn some of the skills that have been used in its development. The problem is- I cannot load the program into the Android emulator. While I know how to create a new folder myself and work with the emulator, how can I load this program into the emulator? (FYI: I am using emulator within Eclipse). Please assist... --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups Android Beginners group. To post to this group, send email to android-beginners@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to android-beginners-unsubscr...@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners?hl=en -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
[android-beginners] Re: About Android
I've been looking at this, There is an Android Mono project, and the Mono runtime is available to end Users through Market. http://www.koushikdutta.com/2009/01/compiling-mono-under-android-build.html It works by a kind of Interopt translating C# calls into Java. But, I don't know how useful it is... The author did some kind of fantastic job but it's based on Android 1.0 and he hasn't suggested he's willing to do the same for Cupcake. Too bad, I don't know who else has accumulated enough experience in both Java and Mono to create and maintain something like this. I, for one would consider Mono if it was a viable option. I would consider it even more strongly if it made calls to Dalvik instead of to Java. Tony From: Jose Ayerdis joseayer...@gmail.com Sent: Fri, 6/26/2009 11:21am To: android-beginners@googlegroups.com Subject: [android-beginners] Re: About Android No it can;t be done android support Java as the language to develop app 2009/6/26 pixel test1.pi...@gmail.com Hi All, I want to develop the application in Android phone with dotnet. Is it possible ? Kindly help me Thx Pixel -- Atte [[Jose Luis Ayerdis Espinoza]] http://blognecronet.blogspot.com --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups Android Beginners group. To post to this group, send email to android-beginners@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to android-beginners-unsubscr...@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners?hl=en -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
[android-beginners] Re: Q re Android Programming Tutorials a.M Murphy
Thx, First, the PATH to the tools directory is ambiguous in the Windows version of the SDK... there isn't one directory, there are two directories (again, in the 1.5r2 SDK) one holding the updated versions of files for Cupcake and the other holding version 1.1 files. And, the android file doesn't exist in either locaton. I may just decide to configure a Linux Build environment in a virtual machine anyway... Tony - Original Message - From: Mark Murphy mmur...@commonsware.com Sent: Wed, 6/17/2009 8:46pm To: android-beginners@googlegroups.com Subject: [android-beginners] Re: Q re Android Programming Tutorials a.M Murphy Hope it's not off-topic asking questions about a specific learning resource in this forum... Book is the Commonsware book Android Programming Tutorials by Mark Murphy. You are probably better off with the cw-android Google Group: http://groups.google.com/group/cw-android My question is that although the book promises support for Android 1.5 and beyond some steps in both the Beginning book and the Tutorials seem to be very specific to Android 1.1 For example, the initial step to setup the first tutorial's files is supposed to be accomplished by executing the following from a command line android create project --target 2 --path ./FirstApp --activity FirstApp --package apt.tutorial No executable android is installed anywhere I can find, and if it's referring to android.bat that's located in the Android 1.1 subfolder of the android 1.5 SDK where no PATH variable exists (documentation recommends adding the path to the tools directory which one assumes should be the android 1.5r2 folder). mmur...@nc8000:~$ ls /opt/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r2/tools adb ddms emulator lib sqlite3 android dmtracedump hierarchyviewer mksdcardtraceview apkbuilder draw9patch hprof-conv NOTICE.txt android is there, second row, left-most column. The PATH variable is an environment variable, set via the Control Panel in Windows or via a script like .bashrc in Linux. Instructions for modifying your PATH can be found on page 4, and that is quoted from the Android documentation. Again, the directory you want in your PATH the tools/ directory inside wherever you put the SDK. On my machines, I put the SDK in /opt (on Linux), so the directory I have in my PATH is /opt/android-sdk-linux_x86-1.5_r2/tools. If you have additional questions, pop over to the cw-android group, and we'll be happy to help! -- Mark Murphy (a Commons Guy) http://commonsware.com _The Busy Coder's Guide to Android Development_ Version 2.0 Available! --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups Android Beginners group. To post to this group, send email to android-beginners@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to android-beginners-unsubscr...@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners?hl=en -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
[android-beginners] Any reason why Data connection stays open?
I read about this recently as a common reason for battery drain, once the data network is accessed, it doesn't time out and stays on forever (of course unless either forcibly terminated or the system is powered off). Is there a known reason for this? It's curious because this is the first data capable mobile device which behaves this way. TIA, Tony --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups Android Beginners group. To post to this group, send email to android-beginners@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to android-beginners-unsubscr...@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners?hl=en -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
[android-beginners] Re: Practical questions
As a person has used Windows Mobile/CE devices for over 6 years and been developing for the mobile platform for over 4 years, I think I can offer some perspective... First, regarding G1 availability, costs and restrictions (since to date anything else is largely vaporware or just launching)... Users always can choose the grey market (purchasing from a source other than T-Mobile). Today, you might be required to purchase for $180 from T-Mobile with a 2 year contract, but you can get a phone without a contract for somewhere from $210-280(street price). T-Mobile service is required to activate (T-Mobile seems to be doing a good job of closing all efforts to jailbreak), and although no pre-paid plan is supported, you can get on a month to month contract (requires both a voice and a data/messaging plans). So, it might be more expensive than pre-paid but not necessarily tremendously moreso unless you never plan to use the phone in a normal user way. Usually, with hardware you get what you pay for. Ever actually get your hands on a Sciphone (with its supposedly android-like interface)? You're not getting nearly the same thing... Features like slide-out keyboards are expensive. I haven't compared to the iPhone 3GS yet, but earlier models had their warts compared to the G1, too... Like lack of support for multi-tasking applications, poor camera picture quality. Support for multi-tasking might be desirable but it also can be demanding... drawing down power quickly, maxing out resource utilization. Whatever model of hardware and software you might want to compare, you'll likely find feature advantages or lacking every time. So, it's whatever floats your boat which should determine whether you choose an iPhone, Blackberry, G1 or anything else. BTW - That's some trick running J2ME on Windows Mobile. There's only one phone that supports that configuration with decent performance(not the one you mention) which severely restricts that market (unless performance is not an issue). IMO, Tony - Original Message - From: A questione...@yahoo.com Sent: Thu, 6/11/2009 5:56am To: Android Beginners android-beginners@googlegroups.com Subject: [android-beginners] Practical questions Hi all, I have some practical questions. I might be interested in coding for Android. I have some J2ME programs that I could port that are very useful. But I am wondering, why bother? Consider: 1. Looking at the documentation for Android it seems to me that the learning curve for working with Android is large. 2. Looking at the available phones they are all about $500 without a contract. We're in a Recession and $500 is a lot of money. Compare that to my 3-inch touch screen Sciphone i68 which was $100 and has MIDP support. 3. I don't do contracts. I have heard that Android phones are hobbled by the requirement that I'd have to have a contract. I use prepaid exclusively to keep my phone bills down. 4. No contract means no data plan. 5. I can get a Windows Mobile phone for $260, called the CECT M88+. It will run native apps and J2ME. That's half the cost of an Android phone. 6. Regular consumers know we're in a recession. They are going to avoid expensive phones and long contracts more now than ever. Will $500 luxury Android phones take hold? I'm skeptical. 7. I am not someone who is easily impressed by Google. There is no wow factor for me in using Android. I'm entirely pragmatic. Thanks. --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups Android Beginners group. To post to this group, send email to android-beginners@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to android-beginners-unsubscr...@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners?hl=en -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
[android-beginners] Re: Making .apk files?
On this related subject, I may have a need to create the APK using only the command line (not using Eclipse). I didn't seem to notice that the Android SDK supports this, am I missing something? For that matter, what exactly are the different options how to create an APK? Are there other packaging apps or utilities? TIA, Tony - Original Message - From: guruk ilovesi...@gmail.com Sent: Sun, 6/14/2009 1:50pm To: Android Beginners android-beginners@googlegroups.com Subject: [android-beginners] Re: Making .apk files? i dont know exactly what you like. when u use eclipse go to android tools and export signed or unsigned apk On Jun 13, 9:54 pm, [.K] flyord...@gmail.com wrote: I want to test out a program. Now how do I make the apk file? So I have my .java file right? Then what? Thanks for the help. --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups Android Beginners group. To post to this group, send email to android-beginners@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to android-beginners-unsubscr...@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners?hl=en -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
[android-beginners] Re: SDK USB driver for Vista SP1 won't install - Solution?
Update - I was attempting to get around T-Mobile's onerous requirement of having to wait until the completion of the current billing cycle to upgrade the account to support the G1 (preventing communication with Google servers for activation, essentially turning the device into a doorstop). In the end, I just said to hell with trying, and just waited the 3 weeks. I'm surprised that this situation exists and after an Internet search has existed for a very long time... I don't think Sprint or Verizon has ever been unable to upgrade/modify an account on the fly and properly re-calculate billing accordingly. After device activation, everything works and Vista SP1 continues to insist on using the Microsoft driver, still refusing to recognize the SDK driver (so your (2) is apparently incorrect, ADB works fine using the Microsoft driver). So, it's apparently a T-Mobile restriction closing holes that could potentially jailbreak the device. Tony - Original Message - From: Raphael r...@android.com Sent: Sat, 5/23/2009 9:03pm To: android-beginners@googlegroups.com Subject: [android-beginners] Re: SDK USB driver for Vista SP1 won't install - Solution? What driver do you want to install? 1- For transfering files from the SD Card, you do not need any driver. 2- For using ADB to debug, you need the driver that comes with the SDK. If you have trouble with that one please read this thread first: http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners/browse_thread/thread/ff713181959c48ee/98dbfe1887d671c0 R/ On Thu, May 21, 2009 at 1:39 PM, Tony Su ton...@su-networking.com wrote: Howdy, When I connect a G1 to Vista SP1, the phone is automatically recognized and Vista's own USB driver (WpdFs.dll and WUDFRd.sys) is installed, but that driver doesn't work. Nothing I try seems to update or change the USB driver to the one supplied by the SDK... Have tried uninstalling the device and re-scanning Updating the driver in the Device Properties When I try to force updating by manually pointing to the SDK driver, Vista says it's not even a driver. Of course, with Vista's improved security I can't disable/rename the Microsoft driver (permissions even an Admin can't touch). Any ideas? TIA, Tony Full deatils on the Vista SP1 driver... Provider: Microsoft Corporation File Version: 6.0.60001.18000(longhorn_rtm.080118-1840 --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups Android Beginners group. To post to this group, send email to android-beginners@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to android-beginners-unsubscr...@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners?hl=en -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
[android-beginners] Verify - Regular Cupcake update = No root?
Howdy, Just verifying that at least at this time, it seems that the regular Cupcake update being pushed down by T-Mobile removes all access to root? If so, I assume that gain access to root would require either reflashing to an earlier non-cupcake version or one of the modified images floating around. TIa, Tony --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups Android Beginners group. To post to this group, send email to android-beginners@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to android-beginners-unsubscr...@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners?hl=en -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
[android-beginners] SDK USB driver for Vista SP1 won't install - Solution?
Howdy, When I connect a G1 to Vista SP1, the phone is automatically recognized and Vista's own USB driver (WpdFs.dll and WUDFRd.sys) is installed, but that driver doesn't work. Nothing I try seems to update or change the USB driver to the one supplied by the SDK... Have tried uninstalling the device and re-scanning Updating the driver in the Device Properties When I try to force updating by manually pointing to the SDK driver, Vista says it's not even a driver. Of course, with Vista's improved security I can't disable/rename the Microsoft driver (permissions even an Admin can't touch). Any ideas? TIA, Tony Full deatils on the Vista SP1 driver... Provider: Microsoft Corporation File Version: 6.0.60001.18000(longhorn_rtm.080118-1840 --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups Android Beginners group. To post to this group, send email to android-beginners@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to android-beginners-unsubscr...@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners?hl=en -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
[android-beginners] Updated list of app code sources?
Finally got the ADT installed into Eclipse just now. Recommend KISS instructions(default steps don't seem to work), I don't know why no repository found kept displaying when trying to connect using SSL and also pointing to the compressed SDK file, but it finally worked pointing to the web source without SSL. So, I'm looking around now at what kind of application snippets and full apps there might be to start looking at just about anything... Have found a few scattered references, is there a centralized list or recognized sites for code? TIA, Tony --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups Android Beginners group. To post to this group, send email to android-beginners@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to android-beginners-unsubscr...@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/android-beginners?hl=en -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---