Re: [CTRL] Chimpanzees More Genetically Diverse Than Humans
-Caveat Lector- They haven't fully sequenced human genes yet. Sometime around 2003/5. Chimps have a far lower priority, maybe 2010. This oft-repeated comparison between chimps and humans supposedly sharing 98% of the same DNA is false. 98% of the 30% identified is closer. Gavin. "Scientists make comparisons between humans and chimps because they are our closest cousins, sharing more than 98 percent of our DNA." Chimpanzees More Genetically Diverse Than Humans 2.00 p.m. ET (1900 GMT) November 4, 1999 By Maggie Fox WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Chimpanzees are far more genetically diverse than human beings are, researchers said on Thursday, a finding that has implications both for efforts to conserve endangered chimps and for learning more about human origins. A team of German genetic experts said their findings bolster suggestions that current human populations date back to some sort of "bottleneck" in evolution just a few hundred thousand years ago. Henrik Kaessmann and Svante Paabo of the Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, compared the genes of both species of chimpanzees, as well as three subspecies. "The results show a strikingly lower amount of variation in humans than in chimps," Paabo said in a statement. "The simplest explanation for this is that at some rather recent point in the past, humans have been few in numbers. From a genetic point of view, this point could be the origin of modern humans." Scientists make comparisons between humans and chimps because they are our closest cousins, sharing more than 98 percent of our DNA. All animals have unique variations in genes from individual to individual. This variation can be meaningless, or can make the difference in, for instance, susceptibility to disease. Writing in the journal Science, Kaessmann's team said they examined genes from the three recognized subspecies of chimps - central African chimpanzees, western African chimpanzees and Eastern African chimpanzees. They also looked at bonobos, commonly known as dwarf chimpanzees. They looked at one gene called Xq13.3, which is found on the X chromosome, one of the two chromosomes related to sex. It has no known function, but it is known to have a low mutation rate and has been well studied in people. They found Xq13.3 has almost four times as many variants and is three times as old in chimps as in humans. This supports other studies that find humans are extremely closely related to one another genetically despite what geneticists consider to be arbitrary designations of "race." The researchers assumed that chimpanzees and humans diverged from a common ancestor 5 million years ago, and made comparisons. It is possible to estimate how long ago the animals in a common population had a common ancestor by looking at the rate of mutations in a gene. This is one method used to determine the age of the "ancestral Eve" from whom all humans are theoretically descended. This has been done with both humans and chimpanzees using a form of DNA called mitochondrial DNA. The German team's use of Xq13.3 came up with different estimates. They determined that the most common ancestor of chimps lived 1.4 million years ago, while humans can date their genetic Adam and Eve to just 450,000 years ago. Mitochondrial DNA research suggests the human Eve lived about 200,000 years ago. Scientists will have to work this all out but Kaessmann and colleagues said it is the differences between humans and chimpanzees, not the absolute number of years, that matter in their work. DECLARATION DISCLAIMER == CTRL is a discussion and informational exchange list. Proselyzting propagandic screeds are not allowed. Substancenot soapboxing! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory', with its many half-truths, misdirections and outright frauds is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRL gives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no credeence to Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply. Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector. Archives Available at: http://home.ease.lsoft.com/archives/CTRL.html http:[EMAIL PROTECTED]/ To subscribe to Conspiracy Theory Research List[CTRL] send email: SUBSCRIBE CTRL [to:] [EMAIL PROTECTED] To UNsubscribe to Conspiracy Theory Research List[CTRL] send email: SIGNOFF CTRL [to:] [EMAIL PROTECTED] Om
[CTRL] Chimpanzees More Genetically Diverse Than Humans
-Caveat Lector- Chimpanzees More Genetically Diverse Than Humans 2.00 p.m. ET (1900 GMT) November 4, 1999 By Maggie Fox WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Chimpanzees are far more genetically diverse than human beings are, researchers said on Thursday, a finding that has implications both for efforts to conserve endangered chimps and for learning more about human origins. A team of German genetic experts said their findings bolster suggestions that current human populations date back to some sort of "bottleneck" in evolution just a few hundred thousand years ago. Henrik Kaessmann and Svante Paabo of the Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, compared the genes of both species of chimpanzees, as well as three subspecies. "The results show a strikingly lower amount of variation in humans than in chimps," Paabo said in a statement. "The simplest explanation for this is that at some rather recent point in the past, humans have been few in numbers. From a genetic point of view, this point could be the origin of modern humans." Scientists make comparisons between humans and chimps because they are our closest cousins, sharing more than 98 percent of our DNA. All animals have unique variations in genes from individual to individual. This variation can be meaningless, or can make the difference in, for instance, susceptibility to disease. Writing in the journal Science, Kaessmann's team said they examined genes from the three recognized subspecies of chimps - central African chimpanzees, western African chimpanzees and Eastern African chimpanzees. They also looked at bonobos, commonly known as dwarf chimpanzees. They looked at one gene called Xq13.3, which is found on the X chromosome, one of the two chromosomes related to sex. It has no known function, but it is known to have a low mutation rate and has been well studied in people. They found Xq13.3 has almost four times as many variants and is three times as old in chimps as in humans. This supports other studies that find humans are extremely closely related to one another genetically despite what geneticists consider to be arbitrary designations of "race." The researchers assumed that chimpanzees and humans diverged from a common ancestor 5 million years ago, and made comparisons. It is possible to estimate how long ago the animals in a common population had a common ancestor by looking at the rate of mutations in a gene. This is one method used to determine the age of the "ancestral Eve" from whom all humans are theoretically descended. This has been done with both humans and chimpanzees using a form of DNA called mitochondrial DNA. The German team's use of Xq13.3 came up with different estimates. They determined that the most common ancestor of chimps lived 1.4 million years ago, while humans can date their genetic Adam and Eve to just 450,000 years ago. Mitochondrial DNA research suggests the human Eve lived about 200,000 years ago. Scientists will have to work this all out but Kaessmann and colleagues said it is the differences between humans and chimpanzees, not the absolute number of years, that matter in their work. === Robert F. Tatman Computer Help Desk Desktop LAN Services Systems Department Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. [EMAIL PROTECTED] 215.854.2729 215.854.2788 The contents of this message represent the opinion only of the writer, and may not be construed to indicate the endorsement of Knight-Ridder, Inc.; Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc.; The Philadelphia Inquirer; or the Philadelphia Daily News. "Artificial intelligence is no match for natural stupidity." DECLARATION DISCLAIMER == CTRL is a discussion and informational exchange list. Proselyzting propagandic screeds are not allowed. Substancenot soapboxing! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory', with its many half-truths, misdirections and outright frauds is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRL gives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no credeence to Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply. Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector. Archives Available at: http://home.ease.lsoft.com/archives/CTRL.html http:[EMAIL PROTECTED]/ To subscribe to Conspiracy Theory Research List[CTRL] send email: SUBSCRIBE CTRL [to:] [EMAIL PROTECTED] To UNsubscribe to Conspiracy Theory Research List[CTRL] send email: SIGNOFF CTRL [to:] [EMAIL PROTECTED] Om
