-Caveat Lector-
Excerpts from The Final Report of the Select
To Study Governmental Operations
With Respect To Intelligence Activities ("Church
Book I, "Foreign and Military
Intelligence," U.S. Senate, April 26, 1976
The Church Committee on the CIA in Academia
____________
Committee's note: The material italicized in this report has been
substantially abridged at the request
of the executive agencies.
____________
The Central Intelligence Agency has long-developed clandestine relationships
with the
American academic community, which range from academics making introductions
for
intelligence purposes to intelligence collection while abroad, to academic
research and
writing where CIA sponsorship is hidden.
The Central Intelligence Agency is now using several hundred American
academics
("academics" includes administrators, faculty members and graduate students
engaged in teaching), who in addition to providing leads and, on occasion,
making
introductions for intelligence purposes, occasionally write books and other
material
to be used for propaganda purposes abroad. Beyond these, an additional few
score
are used in an unwitting manner for minor activities.
These academics are located in over 100 American colleges, universities, and
related institutes. At the majority of institutions, no one other than the
individual
concerned is aware of the CIA link. At the others, at least one university
official is
aware of the operational use made of academics on his campus. In addition,
there
are several American academics abroad who serve operational purposes,
primarily
the collection of intelligence.
Although the numbers are not as great today as in 1966, there are no
prohibitions
to prevent an increase in the operational use of academics. The size of these
operations is determined by the CIA.
With the exception of those teachers, scholars and students who receive
scholarships or grants from the Board of Foreign Scholarships, the CIA is not
prohibited from the operational use of all other categories of grantee
support under
the Fullbright-Hays Act (artists, athletes, leaders, specialists, etc.). Nor
is there any
prohibition on the operational use of individuals participating in any other
exchange
program funded by the United States Government.
The Committee is disturbed both by the present practices of operationally
using
American academics and by the awareness that the restraints on expanding this
practice are primarily those of sensitivity to the risks of disclosure and
not an
appreciation of dangers to the integrity of individuals and institutions.
The Committee believes that it is the responsibility of private institutions
and
particularly the American academic community to set the professional and
ethical
standards of its members.
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