Re: Search Your Neighborhood NOW uL
Sent from my iPhone > On Dec 5, 2016, at 3:59 PM,wrote: > > > > **Dear_{donnieh71}** > > You Are Receiving This Email Because There May Be A Risk Of Sex Offender > Activity In > Your Aera. > > Here Is A Link To A Great Website Called Kids Live Safe. > > The Website Show You All The Offenders That Live Nearby. You Can Do A Quick > Search. > > > It Only Takes A Few Seconds > > Not Only Can You See Who They Are And Where They Live, You Also Get Email > Alerts When A > New Sex Offender Moves Close To Your Home. > > It Also Has A Brunch Of Tools To Help Keep Our Kids Safe. > > Search Your Neighborhood NOW > > > > > > > > > > >
Re: oom-killer no funciona como debería.
Hola! Nunca me paso algo parecido pero también estuve investigando y lo que pude encontrar es similar a lo que comentas. Aparentemente es algo bastante común y sucede cuando los parámetros relacionados a la configuración de memoria de mysql están configurados de tal manera que mysql aloca más memoria de la que físicamente el kernel mediante el oom-killer está dispuesta a permitirle utilizar. Mientras mysql no utilice físicamente la memoria alocada el oom-killer no actúa pero cuando mysql pasa a utilizar la memoria alocada superando el umbral definido para el oom-killer automáticamente se convierte en candidato para ser matado. Yo investigaría más por el lado de los parámetros de configuración de memoria en mysql. Te dejo un link que me pareció muy interesante donde el dueño del artículo hace un ejemplo alocando memoria en dos procesos con un programa sencillo y muestra como oom-killer decide que proceso matar. https://www.psce.com/blog/2012/05/31/mysql-oom-killer-and-everything-related/ Espero te sea de utilidad. Saludos! El 6 de abril de 2017, 18:49, luis gilescribió: > Hola otra vez. He estado investigando y según parece el problema que tengo > es con el overcommit, es decir reservar más memoria para los procesos que > la que realmente existe físicamente. Se basa en que los procesos suelen > reservar más memoria de la que realmente hacen uso posteriormente. El > overcommit permite aprovechar mejor la memoria. El problema surge cuando > los procesos efectivamente utilizan la memoria que han reservado y superan > la memoria física existente. En ese caso el sistema llama a oom-killer para > liberar memoria. > > Por lo que he entendido de la información que he encontrado, el overcommit > tiene 3 modos de funcionamiento: 0, 1 y 2. Por defecto, y el que tengo yo > configurado, es el 0. Este modo utiliza un algoritmo heurístico para > determinar cuando hay que lanzar el oom-killer y según parece en mi sistema > lo está lanzando antes de tiempo, ya que lo lanza cuando hay en torno a 20 > G libres de memoria de 32 G del total. El modo 1 elimina el overcommit, lo > que puede provocar un kernel panic y el consiguiente bloqueo del sistema. > El modo 2 no utiliza un algoritmo heurístico, sino que llama al oom-killer > cuando el uso de la RAM llega a un nivel determinado. O así lo he entendido > yo de la información que he encontrado. Mi intención es configurar el > overcommit a 2 y forzar así el uso de más memoria. ¿Alguien se ha visto en > la necesidad de modificar este parámetro? ¿le ha funcionado? > > Un saludo y gracias. > > > El 3 de abril de 2017, 11:09, luis gil > escribió: > >> Gracias Oswaldo. >> >> He estado mirando la configuración de Apache y he encontrado alguna cosa >> mejorable. >> >> De todas maneras aunque Apache estuviera mal configurado y utilizase más >> memoria de la que debería entiendo que la debería de ver reflejada en la >> memoria libre. >> >> Ahora se acaba de reiniciar mysql otra vez. Cuando lo ha hecho se estaba >> subiendo un fichero al mysql desde un formulario de la web y cargándolo en >> una tabla de mysql. El fichero ocupa 1,15 G. En el primer correo no >> disponía de la salida de vmstat para pegarlo, pero ahora sí, ejecutándose >> cada 3 sg sale lo siguiente: >> >> procs ---memory-- ---swap-- -io -system-- >> cpu >> >> r b swpd free buff cache si sobibo in cs us sy >> id wa >> >> 3 1 9852 15138904 5320 1313599200 239 18743 3750 4352 11 >> 0 88 1 >> >> 4 0 9852 15113336 5404 131622600087 7967 3130 3862 13 >> 0 86 1 >> >> 4 0 9852 15072972 5688 1319556400 532 9706 3708 3503 15 >> 1 84 1 >> >> 3 0 9852 15040076 5760 132253280080 12579 4180 4988 11 >> 0 88 1 >> >> 5 0 9852 15017408 5800 132532120031 12678 4164 4459 19 >> 1 80 0 >> >> 3 1 9852 14992168 5924 132835800080 13179 5154 6640 9 >> 0 90 1 >> >> 2 5 9852 15087296 3428 1320419600 2879 18701 6007 5518 15 >> 1 76 9 >> >> 3 2 9852 15046564 3888 1323696400 877 6705 4403 5063 10 >> 0 85 4 >> >> 3 1 9852 15039628 4012 1325217600 5681 17683 6337 8803 14 >> 1 77 8 >> >> 3 0 9852 15007564 4272 1328240000 104 6932 3013 1758 14 >> 0 85 1 >> >> 3 0 9852 14977520 5040 1331065200 603 13573 5566 4285 9 >> 0 89 1 >> >> 4 0 9852 14951516 5132 133439600085 9594 5839 4115 16 >> 0 82 2 >> >> 3 0 9852 14917308 5660 1337263200 601 15876 6305 4843 10 >> 0 84 5 >> >> 3 4 9852 14990888 5420 1329673600 1036 5177 3061 2143 11 >> 0 80 9 >> >> 5 0 9852 14974044 5568 1331659200 667 12701 4728 3052 14 >> 1 74 11 >> >> 2 3 9852 14928648 1984 1334537200 1312 14722 5780 8408 10 >> 1 86 3 >> >> 0 1 9852 19130736 4532 1334926800 2557 4197 3047 5435 3
Re: oom-killer no funciona como debería.
Hola otra vez. He estado investigando y según parece el problema que tengo es con el overcommit, es decir reservar más memoria para los procesos que la que realmente existe físicamente. Se basa en que los procesos suelen reservar más memoria de la que realmente hacen uso posteriormente. El overcommit permite aprovechar mejor la memoria. El problema surge cuando los procesos efectivamente utilizan la memoria que han reservado y superan la memoria física existente. En ese caso el sistema llama a oom-killer para liberar memoria. Por lo que he entendido de la información que he encontrado, el overcommit tiene 3 modos de funcionamiento: 0, 1 y 2. Por defecto, y el que tengo yo configurado, es el 0. Este modo utiliza un algoritmo heurístico para determinar cuando hay que lanzar el oom-killer y según parece en mi sistema lo está lanzando antes de tiempo, ya que lo lanza cuando hay en torno a 20 G libres de memoria de 32 G del total. El modo 1 elimina el overcommit, lo que puede provocar un kernel panic y el consiguiente bloqueo del sistema. El modo 2 no utiliza un algoritmo heurístico, sino que llama al oom-killer cuando el uso de la RAM llega a un nivel determinado. O así lo he entendido yo de la información que he encontrado. Mi intención es configurar el overcommit a 2 y forzar así el uso de más memoria. ¿Alguien se ha visto en la necesidad de modificar este parámetro? ¿le ha funcionado? Un saludo y gracias. El 3 de abril de 2017, 11:09, luis gilescribió: > Gracias Oswaldo. > > He estado mirando la configuración de Apache y he encontrado alguna cosa > mejorable. > > De todas maneras aunque Apache estuviera mal configurado y utilizase más > memoria de la que debería entiendo que la debería de ver reflejada en la > memoria libre. > > Ahora se acaba de reiniciar mysql otra vez. Cuando lo ha hecho se estaba > subiendo un fichero al mysql desde un formulario de la web y cargándolo en > una tabla de mysql. El fichero ocupa 1,15 G. En el primer correo no > disponía de la salida de vmstat para pegarlo, pero ahora sí, ejecutándose > cada 3 sg sale lo siguiente: > > procs ---memory-- ---swap-- -io -system-- > cpu > > r b swpd free buff cache si sobibo in cs us sy > id wa > > 3 1 9852 15138904 5320 1313599200 239 18743 3750 4352 11 0 > 88 1 > > 4 0 9852 15113336 5404 131622600087 7967 3130 3862 13 0 > 86 1 > > 4 0 9852 15072972 5688 1319556400 532 9706 3708 3503 15 1 > 84 1 > > 3 0 9852 15040076 5760 132253280080 12579 4180 4988 11 0 > 88 1 > > 5 0 9852 15017408 5800 132532120031 12678 4164 4459 19 1 > 80 0 > > 3 1 9852 14992168 5924 132835800080 13179 5154 6640 9 0 > 90 1 > > 2 5 9852 15087296 3428 1320419600 2879 18701 6007 5518 15 1 > 76 9 > > 3 2 9852 15046564 3888 1323696400 877 6705 4403 5063 10 0 > 85 4 > > 3 1 9852 15039628 4012 1325217600 5681 17683 6337 8803 14 1 > 77 8 > > 3 0 9852 15007564 4272 1328240000 104 6932 3013 1758 14 0 > 85 1 > > 3 0 9852 14977520 5040 1331065200 603 13573 5566 4285 9 0 > 89 1 > > 4 0 9852 14951516 5132 133439600085 9594 5839 4115 16 0 > 82 2 > > 3 0 9852 14917308 5660 1337263200 601 15876 6305 4843 10 0 > 84 5 > > 3 4 9852 14990888 5420 1329673600 1036 5177 3061 2143 11 0 > 80 9 > > 5 0 9852 14974044 5568 1331659200 667 12701 4728 3052 14 1 > 74 11 > > 2 3 9852 14928648 1984 1334537200 1312 14722 5780 8408 10 1 > 86 3 > > 0 1 9852 19130736 4532 1334926800 2557 4197 3047 5435 3 2 > 87 8 > > 0 2 9852 19166220 6224 1331170800 1025 727 1657 2041 2 0 > 85 13 > > 1 0 9852 19256336 6640 1322371600 1833 297 1265 649 1 0 > 96 4 > > 0 2 9852 19245636 7940 1323008400 2737 116 1601 2039 0 0 > 97 3 > > 0 1 9852 19240328 8804 1323239200 820 706 1426 7295 1 0 > 96 2 > > 1 0 9852 19235716 9008 1323608400 649 205 1627 4513 1 0 > 98 1 > > 0 0 9852 19236624 9044 132403240011 1421 2106 3454 0 0 > 99 0 > > 0 0 9852 19239228 9112 132448560099 160 2115 2295 1 0 > 99 1 > > 1 0 9852 19235060 9296 1325106800 276 2639 2586 4045 0 0 > 99 1 > > 1 0 9852 19226752 9408 132608120040 157 3053 3948 1 0 > 99 0 > > 1 0 9852 19212104 9744 1327114800 141 6591 3788 6791 1 0 > 98 0 > > 0 0 9852 19203596 9820 132799080089 2537 2975 5262 1 0 > 99 0 > > 1 0 9852 19192860 9876 1328982800 621 3435 2631 22059 1 > 0 98 1 > > 0 0 9852 19186064 10148 1329956400 519 1393 3147 27693 2 > 1 96 2 > > 2 0 9852 19178252 10244 133081760089 4543 2289
Re: Bluetooth Connection Issue
* Michael Milliman[040417, 08:00]: > [...] > Given this information the following questions present themselves: > 1) Is there a setting somewhere that will cause this issue? > 2) Is this a known issue with Testing or Blueman? > 3) Is there a solution which will allow use of Blueman for pairing? > > Clearly, the kernel and drivers on the system are working correctly, or > I would not be able to accomplish the pairing with bt-device. I suspect > the problem is with notifications, either in general, or with Blueman > specifically, that is causing the problem, and that were I to be getting > the notification I expect, I would be able to accept the pass code and > proceed normally. > Hi Michael, I had a problem with bluetooth too, although it was of a different type. However, why not have a look at posts dated 'Feb 02' c,y. and subject:'Bluetooth: unable to pair Apple Wireless keyboard Mod. A1016'. You might find some useful info, particularly as far as 'agent' is concerned. Regards, Ennio -- [Perche' usare Win$ozz (dico io) se ..."anche uno sciocco sa farlo. \\?// Fa' qualche cosa di cui non sei capace!" (diceva Henry Miller) ](°|°) [Why use Win$ozz (I say) if ... "even a fool can do that. )=( Do something you aren't good at!" (as Henry Miller used to say) ]
Re: Almost all gpg2 operations hang after upgrade to stretch/testing
On Thu 06 Apr 2017 at 13:41:15 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote: > On 04/06/2017 09:40 AM, Curt wrote: > >On 2017-04-06, Richard Owlettwrote: > > > >>Could you point me to such a page whose primary focus is silversearcher-ag? > >> > > > >"silversearcher-ag tutorial" as search terms brought me rapidly to this > >page. > > > >http://conqueringthecommandline.com/book/ack_ag > > That demonstrated something, but not what might have been expected. I love the technique. It seems to say something, but doesn't. Something was demontrated. Quite what - you will never get to know, Something was expected. You will not be informed. Talk about contentless postings. The sum of human knowledge has not been improved. > I've been avoiding Google for personal reasons and using DuckDuckGo instead. "personal reasons" is about as wide as it gets as a reason. It's also as squishy as the previous responses. > DuckDuckGo does not return that page - I'd assumed the two search engines > were equally productive. > > As to the content of the page got no more than reading the man page. BUT how > its author approached the subject hints that the tool is aimed a different > mind set. Thanks for the feedback. Mindsets. That's the problem.
Excel shared spreadsheets on samba file server
Hello everyone I 'm trying to find what it happens on my Samba AD servers especially with shared spreadsheets, my personal opinion this feature on Excel is crap and unreliable but many people use it, how does Samba currently behave with this ? Is someone experienced any problem with this ? Frequently happens changes made by other user are lost the spreadsheet opens as read only , the shares are all using vfs_acl_xattr module to mimic NTFS permissions, clients are all windows machines versions 7 and 10 , i upgraded samba 4.3.11 to 4.5.7 but both have the same behavior. Any ideas ? Regards Dante
Re: The file could not be renamed
On Thu, Apr 06, 2017 at 01:18:57PM -0400, FUD Account wrote: > I have Linux 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.73-2+deb7u2 x86_64 GNU/Linux > with XFCE4 desktop manager. Every time I go to rename a file in from 25 > to 26 seconds a window pops up stating below; > > --- > The file could not be renamed > > Did not receive a reply. Possible causes include: the remote application did > not send a reply, the message bus security policy blocked the reply, the > reply timeout expired, or the network connection was broken. > --- > > I tried putting a "export NO_AT_BRIDGE=1" in the "environment" file under > "/etc" to no avail. You need to be more specific. How do you "go to rename" a file? From a bash shell? Some graphical file manager, e.g. caja? Are these files actually remote as your error message indicates, or local? Can you rename local files, if they're remote? Do you have the correct privileges (write) to change the name? Can you change the name as superuser? Etc. -- Carl Fink nitpick...@nitpicking.com Read my blog at blog.nitpicking.com. Reviews! Observations! Stupid mistakes you can correct!
Re: Almost all gpg2 operations hang after upgrade to stretch/testing
On 04/06/2017 09:40 AM, Curt wrote: On 2017-04-06, Richard Owlettwrote: Could you point me to such a page whose primary focus is silversearcher-ag? "silversearcher-ag tutorial" as search terms brought me rapidly to this page. http://conqueringthecommandline.com/book/ack_ag That demonstrated something, but not what might have been expected. I've been avoiding Google for personal reasons and using DuckDuckGo instead. DuckDuckGo does not return that page - I'd assumed the two search engines were equally productive. As to the content of the page got no more than reading the man page. BUT how its author approached the subject hints that the tool is aimed a different mind set. Thanks for the feedback.
Bitdefender Client
Howdy, Trust my email discovers you well Would you be keen on *Bitdefender Client* list for your deals and advertising efforts? We can give you Database from North America, Latin America, EMEA, and APAC. We can likewise get organizations utilizing *F5 Networks, Fortinet, Novell, McAfee, Symantec, Websense, Sophos et cetera.* Kindly survey and let me know whether you are intrigued and I will hit you up with more data for the same. *Respects,* *Elena Roy* To Opt Out, please react "Forget" in the Subject line.
The file could not be renamed
I have Linux 3.2.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.2.73-2+deb7u2 x86_64 GNU/Linux with XFCE4 desktop manager. Every time I go to rename a file in from 25 to 26 seconds a window pops up stating below; --- The file could not be renamed Did not receive a reply. Possible causes include: the remote application did not send a reply, the message bus security policy blocked the reply, the reply timeout expired, or the network connection was broken. --- I tried putting a "export NO_AT_BRIDGE=1" in the "environment" file under "/etc" to no avail. Thanks
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On Thu, 6 Apr 2017 12:56:51 -0500 David Wrightwrote: > On Thu 06 Apr 2017 at 18:02:22 (+0100), Joe wrote: > > > > My what? It's a home server/firewall/mail server. There is no > > scheduled downtime. > > Sorry, I misunderstood your use of "some people". I thought they were > the users that your MTA transfers emails to. No, that's just the wife. But many people running stable and wanting to do in-place upgrades are running servers for more serious purposes. > > > I migrated to a new hard drive a few months ago, and that > > gave me some unscheduled downtime until I discovered what the BIOS > > was doing with drive naming... it was one of those 'no, this > > *cannot* be happening' moments where I copied /etc/fstab between > > the wrong pair of drives, thereby breaking both old and new > > installations. > > > > It still seems to be unreasonably difficult to use a working > > installation to install the correct grub information to another > > drive which is intended to become the new working installation, > > still a matter of messing around with chroot and a sequence of > > mounts and unmounts. > > You're not still using /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, are you? Not in general, it's nearly all LVM on UUIDs, but when I'm juggling three drives in and out of a frame and mounting manually, yes. I'm accustomed to having the drives assigned by position and/or jumper, but this BIOS is 'helpful' and remembers drives it has seen recently. But now I know that. The thing is, I'm not a professional admin, and I'm not doing this kind of thing every day of the week, if I was then all of my mistakes would be far in the past... -- Joe
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On Thu 06 Apr 2017 at 18:02:22 (+0100), Joe wrote: > On Thu, 6 Apr 2017 10:45:23 -0500 > David Wrightwrote: > > > On Thu 06 Apr 2017 at 11:50:56 (+0100), Joe wrote: > > > > > > > Granted, there have been more little niggles with each upgrade (this > > > machine started life as sarge), things get more complicated with > > > each version. > > > > I thought lenny→squeeze was the most complicated, because lenny's > > standard kernel was not compatible with the upgrade process and > > had to be upgraded in a preliminary step. That could then lead to > > knock-on effects with non-free firmware. And, for safety, udev > > had to be immediately upgraded because of the new kernel, then > > the system rebooted to bring them into operation before the > > upgrade. > > I don't remember that, though I must have gone through it. I wouldn't > dare try skipping a version. The only serious problem I had was when > exim4 jumped a version, and the new one didn't accept debconf > directives, and I hadn't noticed. Upgrading with the old configuration > file being kept turned out to be a big no-no, it got into a state where > even dpkg wouldn't uninstall the broken bits, and I had to resort to > deleting files manually. > > > > > > I'm not that bothered about downtime (within reason, the > > > Debian lists get very stroppy when their emails bounce) but some > > > people are. > > > > A few minutes later you posted: > > > > > If I was a paid admin looking after multiple servers, yes, that's > > > the obvious thing to do. But this isn't my job, and I can't afford > > > to buy a second set of hardware, so the only practical test is to > > > actually do it. > > > > How about getting those freeloading critics to fork out for > > a new drive so that you can build and test a second system > > (dual-bootable) during your scheduled downtimes. > > > > My what? It's a home server/firewall/mail server. There is no scheduled > downtime. Sorry, I misunderstood your use of "some people". I thought they were the users that your MTA transfers emails to. > I migrated to a new hard drive a few months ago, and that > gave me some unscheduled downtime until I discovered what the BIOS was > doing with drive naming... it was one of those 'no, this *cannot* be > happening' moments where I copied /etc/fstab between the wrong pair of > drives, thereby breaking both old and new installations. > > It still seems to be unreasonably difficult to use a working > installation to install the correct grub information to another drive > which is intended to become the new working installation, still a matter > of messing around with chroot and a sequence of mounts and unmounts. You're not still using /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, are you? Cheers, David.
Excel shared spreadsheets on samba file server
Hello everyone I 'm trying to find what it happens on my Samba AD servers especially with shared spreadsheets, my personal opinion this feature on Excel is crap and unreliable but many people use it, how does Samba currently behave with this ? Is someone experienced any problem with this ? Frequently happens changes made by other user are lost the spreadsheet opens as read only , the shares are all using vfs_acl_xattr module to mimic NTFS permissions, clients are all windows machines versions 7 and 10 , i upgraded samba 4.3.11 to 4.5.7 but both have the same behavior. Any ideas ? Regards Dante
Dudas contactos grupos Debian
Hola a todos quisiera plantear una duda de novato. aparte de bastante nuevo con el Software Libre también soy reacio a redes sociales, por lo que mis conocimientos de IRC y XMPP son bastante pobres. Cómo para seguir los temas que me interesan d Debian, Gnome y FSF veo que este es un tema importante me gustaría me recomendaseis un buen cliente si es posible que cubriese ambos protocolos mejor y, si hay, algún grupo de Debian en Español en la actualidad uso Gajim para XMPP y nada con el IRC, auqnu alguna vez he usado Pidgim. Muchas gracias. Antonio Simón -- Enviado desde mi tablet Android con K-9 Mail. Disculpe la brevedad.
Re: créer les entrée de tables pour MySQL
bernard.schoenac...@free.fr wrote on Thu, Apr 06, 2017 at 06:35:49PM +0200 > > > - Mail original - > De: "Jean-Michel OLTRA"> À: debian-user-french@lists.debian.org > Envoyé: Jeudi 6 Avril 2017 17:58:17 > Objet: Re: créer les entrée de tables pour MySQL > > > Bonjour, > > > Le jeudi 06 avril 2017, bernard.schoenac...@free.fr a écrit... > > > > > mysql> INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains` > > -> (`name`) > > -> VALUES > > -> (`happy-tux.org`) > > -> (`brotsch.happy-tux.org`) > > -> (`brotsch`) > > -> (`localhost.happy-tux.org`); > > ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual > > that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use > > near '(`brotsch.happy-tux.org`) > > Il te manque les virgules entre les blocs de values : > > values (), (.), …etc… > Tu peux te passer des ` pour les noms d'objets de la base. > Mets les valeurs entre guillemets simples : 'brotsch' > > insert into mytable values ('value1'), ('value2'), … > > -- > jm > > bonjour, > > merci pour la correction mais il persiste encore une erreur : > > mysql> SELECT * FROM mailserver.virtual_domains; > ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'mailserver.virtual_domains' doesn't exist > > comment créer la table ? En regardant la demande initiale et en supposant que la base de données mailserver existe : mysql> create table mailserver.virtual_domains (id int not null primary key auto_increment, name varchar(255)); puis les insertions : mysql> insert into table mailserver.virtual_domains (name) values ('value1'), ('value2')); Il faut en effet spécifier le nom des champs dès lors que le nombre de champs à initialiser ne correspond pas au nombre de champs existants. Dominique --
Re: [RESOLU] Re: Recherche des paquets gelés
Le 06/04/2017 à 18:35, Cyrille a écrit : >> présentés. Quel était l'intérêt de connaître les paquets " gelés " ? > J'utilise une strech avec pinning SID > Donc j'utilise apt-listbugs et quand bug de gravité sérieux, je le gèle > jusque résolution du problème. > > Mais des fois, j'oublie les paquets que j'ai gelés donc ça me permet > une piqure de rappel pour les maintenances futures Intéressant, merci de ton retour.
Re: créer les entrée de tables pour MySQL
Bonjour, Il faut faire une recherche sur les mots-clés CREATE Table MySQL pour tomber sur la description de la création de table du manuel de MySQL Cordialement Le 6 avr. 2017 18:36,a écrit : - Mail original - De: "Jean-Michel OLTRA" À: debian-user-french@lists.debian.org Envoyé: Jeudi 6 Avril 2017 17:58:17 Objet: Re: créer les entrée de tables pour MySQL Bonjour, Le jeudi 06 avril 2017, bernard.schoenac...@free.fr a écrit... > mysql> INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains` > -> (`name`) > -> VALUES > -> (`happy-tux.org`) > -> (`brotsch.happy-tux.org`) > -> (`brotsch`) > -> (`localhost.happy-tux.org`); > ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '(`brotsch.happy-tux.org`) Il te manque les virgules entre les blocs de values : values (), (.), …etc… Tu peux te passer des ` pour les noms d'objets de la base. Mets les valeurs entre guillemets simples : 'brotsch' insert into mytable values ('value1'), ('value2'), … -- jm bonjour, merci pour la correction mais il persiste encore une erreur : mysql> SELECT * FROM mailserver.virtual_domains; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'mailserver.virtual_domains' doesn't exist comment créer la table ? slt bernard
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On Thu, 6 Apr 2017 10:45:23 -0500 David Wrightwrote: > On Thu 06 Apr 2017 at 11:50:56 (+0100), Joe wrote: > > > > Granted, there have been more little niggles with each upgrade (this > > machine started life as sarge), things get more complicated with > > each version. > > I thought lenny→squeeze was the most complicated, because lenny's > standard kernel was not compatible with the upgrade process and > had to be upgraded in a preliminary step. That could then lead to > knock-on effects with non-free firmware. And, for safety, udev > had to be immediately upgraded because of the new kernel, then > the system rebooted to bring them into operation before the > upgrade. I don't remember that, though I must have gone through it. I wouldn't dare try skipping a version. The only serious problem I had was when exim4 jumped a version, and the new one didn't accept debconf directives, and I hadn't noticed. Upgrading with the old configuration file being kept turned out to be a big no-no, it got into a state where even dpkg wouldn't uninstall the broken bits, and I had to resort to deleting files manually. > > > I'm not that bothered about downtime (within reason, the > > Debian lists get very stroppy when their emails bounce) but some > > people are. > > A few minutes later you posted: > > > If I was a paid admin looking after multiple servers, yes, that's > > the obvious thing to do. But this isn't my job, and I can't afford > > to buy a second set of hardware, so the only practical test is to > > actually do it. > > How about getting those freeloading critics to fork out for > a new drive so that you can build and test a second system > (dual-bootable) during your scheduled downtimes. > My what? It's a home server/firewall/mail server. There is no scheduled downtime. I migrated to a new hard drive a few months ago, and that gave me some unscheduled downtime until I discovered what the BIOS was doing with drive naming... it was one of those 'no, this *cannot* be happening' moments where I copied /etc/fstab between the wrong pair of drives, thereby breaking both old and new installations. It still seems to be unreasonably difficult to use a working installation to install the correct grub information to another drive which is intended to become the new working installation, still a matter of messing around with chroot and a sequence of mounts and unmounts. -- Joe
Re: [RESOLU] Re: Recherche des paquets gelés
> présentés. Quel était l'intérêt de connaître les paquets " gelés " ? J'utilise une strech avec pinning SID Donc j'utilise apt-listbugs et quand bug de gravité sérieux, je le gèle jusque résolution du problème. Mais des fois, j'oublie les paquets que j'ai gelés donc ça me permet une piqure de rappel pour les maintenances futures
Re: [Stretch, 9.0] Installation failed to install net-tools (from scratch installation)
On 2017-04-06 11:09 -0400, Jameson Burt wrote: > On Sunday, April 2, I installed from scatch on all new hardware. > That installation failed to install >net-tools This is to be expected, net-tools is no longer installed by default, the alleged successor is iproute2. > The whole installation "seemed" to go well, > and on reboot the desktop interface worked well. > > While the installation properly used some networking during installation, > afterwords I couldn't access anything beyond my computer, including >apt-get install dctrl-tools Finding out why that happened would be very useful. > So, while debugging, the following commands were missing >route >ifconfig Use the ip command instead, specifically "ip route" and "ip address". Cheers, Sven
Re: créer les entrée de tables pour MySQL
- Mail original - De: "Jean-Michel OLTRA"À: debian-user-french@lists.debian.org Envoyé: Jeudi 6 Avril 2017 17:58:17 Objet: Re: créer les entrée de tables pour MySQL Bonjour, Le jeudi 06 avril 2017, bernard.schoenac...@free.fr a écrit... > mysql> INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains` > -> (`name`) > -> VALUES > -> (`happy-tux.org`) > -> (`brotsch.happy-tux.org`) > -> (`brotsch`) > -> (`localhost.happy-tux.org`); > ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual > that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use > near '(`brotsch.happy-tux.org`) Il te manque les virgules entre les blocs de values : values (), (.), …etc… Tu peux te passer des ` pour les noms d'objets de la base. Mets les valeurs entre guillemets simples : 'brotsch' insert into mytable values ('value1'), ('value2'), … -- jm bonjour, merci pour la correction mais il persiste encore une erreur : mysql> SELECT * FROM mailserver.virtual_domains; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'mailserver.virtual_domains' doesn't exist comment créer la table ? slt bernard
Re: créer les entrée de tables pour MySQL
Bonjour, Le jeudi 06 avril 2017, bernard.schoenac...@free.fr a écrit... > mysql> INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains` > -> (`name`) > -> VALUES > -> (`happy-tux.org`) > -> (`brotsch.happy-tux.org`) > -> (`brotsch`) > -> (`localhost.happy-tux.org`); > ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual > that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use > near '(`brotsch.happy-tux.org`) Il te manque les virgules entre les blocs de values : values (), (.), …etc… Tu peux te passer des ` pour les noms d'objets de la base. Mets les valeurs entre guillemets simples : 'brotsch' insert into mytable values ('value1'), ('value2'), … -- jm
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On Thu 06 Apr 2017 at 11:50:56 (+0100), Joe wrote: > On Thu, 6 Apr 2017 12:13:06 +0200 > Nicolas Georgewrote: > > > Le septidi 17 germinal, an CCXXV, Joe a écrit : > > > Even if that could be fixed afterwards, then there > > > will be server downtime and a manual procedure involved which will > > > not be part of the upgrade procedure and therefore will not have > > > been tested by the upgrade designers. > > > > Does that mean that apart from the systemd issue you expect > > dist-upgrade to have been tested on your particular setup and to > > finish without downtime and manual procedure? > > > > On the whole, yes. I have only packages from the Debian repositories > installed, plus some of my own scripts. If I follow the upgrade release > notes to the letter, I expect every package to upgrade cleanly, with > possibly some minor problems with scripts. I expect some problems with > web pages from different versions of apache, php, etc., but I don't > consider them to be operating system upgrade issues. > > Granted, there have been more little niggles with each upgrade (this > machine started life as sarge), things get more complicated with each > version. I thought lenny→squeeze was the most complicated, because lenny's standard kernel was not compatible with the upgrade process and had to be upgraded in a preliminary step. That could then lead to knock-on effects with non-free firmware. And, for safety, udev had to be immediately upgraded because of the new kernel, then the system rebooted to bring them into operation before the upgrade. > I'm not that bothered about downtime (within reason, the > Debian lists get very stroppy when their emails bounce) but some people > are. A few minutes later you posted: > If I was a paid admin looking after multiple servers, yes, that's the > obvious thing to do. But this isn't my job, and I can't afford to buy a > second set of hardware, so the only practical test is to actually do > it. How about getting those freeloading critics to fork out for a new drive so that you can build and test a second system (dual-bootable) during your scheduled downtimes. > What is more worrying is having to wing it through a procedure > which has not been tested fully and described in the upgrade documents, > but it does appear that will not be the case here. Cheers, David.
Re: créer les entrée de tables pour MySQL
- Mail original - De: "Jacques BRIQUET"À: "bernard schoenacker" , "Debian User French" Envoyé: Jeudi 6 Avril 2017 17:38:06 Objet: re: créer les entrée de tables pour MySQL Bonjour/Bonsoir, ce lien conveint-il? JB bonjour, je ne maîtrise pas la syntaxe SQL slt bernard
re: créer les entrée de tables pour MySQL
Bonjour/Bonsoir, ce lien conveint-il? JB > Message du 06/04/17 16:09 > De : bernard.schoenac...@free.fr > A : "Debian User French" > Copie à : > Objet : créer les entrée de tables pour MySQL > > bonjour, > > j'ai repris un exemple et je souhaiterai l'adapter à la situation : > https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/insert.html > ++-+ > | id | name | > ++-+ > | 1 | happy-tux.org | > | 2 | brotsch.happy-tux.org | > | 3 | brotsch | > | 4 | localhost.happy-tux.org | > ++-+ > > et voici la syntaxe à vérifier : > > INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains` > (`name`) > VALUES > ('happy-tux.org'),('brotsch.happy-tux.org'),('brotsch'),('localhost.happy-tux.org'); > > > > merci de votre aimable attention > > slt > bernard > >
[Stretch, 9.0] Installation failed to install net-tools (from scratch installation)
On Sunday, April 2, I installed from scatch on all new hardware. That installation failed to install net-tools The whole installation "seemed" to go well, and on reboot the desktop interface worked well. While the installation properly used some networking during installation, afterwords I couldn't access anything beyond my computer, including apt-get install dctrl-tools So, while debugging, the following commands were missing route ifconfig During Debian installation, I hand configured partitions on a flashdrive and a hard-drive through the Debian installation prompts as first drive: / EFI second drive: /home /usr/local /var /tmp swap The first drive is actually a Kungaru 32 GB USB 3.0 flashdrive with read/write switch (I have yet to turn the Kunguru flashdrive switch to read-only). The second drive is a 1 TB internal SATA hard-drive. During Debian installation, I chose ssh server web server one other (probably email server) All my other Debian installation interactions were normal. To resolve this problem, I'll download "net-tools" on another computer, then on my new computer install dpkg -i net-tools I send this email because this is a Debian "stretch" installation problem that Debian ought to fix. Note: I am not subscribed to this email list [but this email is germane]. I will follow responses as they occur in the Debian email list archives.
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On Thu 06 Apr 2017 at 08:55:49 (+), Latincom wrote: > On Wed, 05 Apr 2017 20:12:53 +0200, Michael Biebl wrote: > > > Am 05.04.2017 um 20:05 schrieb Dan Ritter: > >> On Wed, Apr 05, 2017 at 07:26:03PM +0200, Michael Biebl wrote: > >>> Am 05.04.2017 um 17:04 schrieb Dan Ritter: > On Wed, Apr 05, 2017 at 03:47:33PM +0100, Jonathan Dowland wrote: > > On Mon, Apr 03, 2017 at 05:06:22AM -0700, Rick Thomas wrote: > >> Aside from being insulting, this is just plain untrue. There are > >> well over 100,000 professional Linux sysadmins worldwide. I'd > >> estimate that at least a third of them administer at least one - > >> and probably more than one - systems that work better with > >> sysvinit than with systemd. > > > > That estimate sounds plucked out of the air to me. > > It certainly is. > > For example, I run on the order of a thousand servers that are > running Wheezy because we haven't managed a smooth transition to > Jessie yet, and systemd is a large part of that problem. > > > >>> what problems exactly do you have which are caused by systemd? > >> > >> We have our own applications, built over the last 19 years, that are > >> managed by sysvinit scripts which are handled by a configuration > >> management system that we built and open-sourced before Chef or Puppet > >> were born. Nobody wants to rewrite all of this. Initial testing of > >> systemd compatibility were negative, and nothing looked so easy to fix > >> that someone jumped up and said "I'll do that!" > >> > >> > > Any specifics? What problems did you run into with the sysv compat > > support in systemd? > > Do you feel confident whit it Michel Biebl? My clients could not feel > confident whit it! > > "Community > > Systemd is a lively project with dozens of developers from various > companies, including Red Hat, Samsung and Intel. It integrates > contributions from even more individual contributors: to this date, 438 > authors, with 63 having at least 10 commits. It can also be noted that > two of the Debian maintainers have commit permissions." > > https://wiki.debian.org/Debate/initsystem/systemd Sorry, but could you explain why you quoted that paragraph from this web page. Are you supporting or disputing the statistics in it, or is it meant to give weight to some argument that you haven't yet made? Cheers, David.
Cortes apache errores de Kernel
Estimados, Tengo un problema con un servidor de mail en un Debian 6. Los sintomas que por exactamente 4 minutos se queda sin acceso el servicio web. No logro encontrar el problema, tengo varios errores de Kernel que no logro comprender, tal vez no tenga que ver pero si alguno entiende de estos errores estare agradecido: Apr 6 09:40:24 mail kernel: [81547.472513] hpet1: lost 2 rtc interrupts Apr 6 11:36:26 mail kernel: [81804.616989] hpet1: lost 12 rtc interrupts Apr 6 11:37:17 mail kernel: [81856.142353] hpet1: lost 3 rtc interrupts Apr 6 11:37:17 mail kernel: [81856.163813] hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts Apr 6 11:37:21 mail kernel: [81860.228997] hpet1: lost 1 rtc interrupts Apr 6 11:37:25 mail kernel: [81863.596428] hpet1: lost 11 rtc interrupts Apr 6 11:42:18 mail kernel: [82157.044588] hpet1: lost 7 rtc interrupts Apr 6 11:42:22 mail kernel: [82161.058534] hpet1: lost 14 rtc interrupts [ 415.541612] set_rtc_mmss: can't update from 8 to 59 [ 416.541551] set_rtc_mmss: can't update from 8 to 59 [ 417.541489] set_rtc_mmss: can't update from 8 to 59 [ 418.541429] set_rtc_mmss: can't update from 8 to 59 [ 419.541360] set_rtc_mmss: can't update from 8 to 59 [ 420.541299] set_rtc_mmss: can't update from 8 to 59 [ 421.541239] set_rtc_mmss: can't update from 8 to 59 [ 422.541179] set_rtc_mmss: can't update from 8 to 59 [ 423.541114] set_rtc_mmss: can't update from 8 to 59 [ 424.541058] set_rtc_mmss: can't update from 8 to 59 [ 425.540994] set_rtc_mmss: can't update from 8 to 59 [ 426.540930] set_rtc_mmss: can't update from 8 to 59 PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [0.370935] pci :00:15.0: PME# disabled [0.371920] pci :00:15.1: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [0.371942] pci :00:15.1: PME# disabled [0.372901] pci :00:15.2: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [0.372924] pci :00:15.2: PME# disabled [0.373885] pci :00:15.3: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [0.373908] pci :00:15.3: PME# disabled [0.374867] pci :00:15.4: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [0.374890] pci :00:15.4: PME# disabled [0.375847] pci :00:15.5: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [0.375870] pci :00:15.5: PME# disabled [0.376827] pci :00:15.6: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold [0.376849] pci :00:15.6: PME# disabled [0.377813] pci :00:15.7: PME# supported from D0 D3hot D3cold PD. Se migro de plataforma de Hyper V a VMWare PD. si creen que no tiene nada que ver esto con lo del apache.. escucho sugerencias, me siento perdido.
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
Carl Fink writes: > Go to, say, http://nosupportlinuxhosting.com and rent a VM for > $1/month That looked interesting, but it doesn't appear that they offer VMs: just Cpanels. -- John Hasler jhas...@newsguy.com Elmwood, WI USA
Re: debian stretch
On Thu, 06 Apr 2017 09:47:01 +0200 mattias jonssonwrote: > will it support secureboot in its current stage I've seen nothing saying it will. B
Re: Almost all gpg2 operations hang after upgrade to stretch/testing
On 2017-04-06, Richard Owlettwrote: > Could you point me to such a page whose primary focus is silversearcher-ag? > "silversearcher-ag tutorial" as search terms brought me rapidly to this page. http://conqueringthecommandline.com/book/ack_ag
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On Thu, Apr 06, 2017 at 03:08:33PM +0100, Martin Read wrote: > On 06/04/17 14:03, Carl Fink wrote: > > Second set of hardware is a false requirement. Go to, say, > > http://nosupportlinuxhosting.com and rent a VM for $1/month > > *cough* That site does not offer VM hosting for $1/month. It offers *web* > hosting for $1/month. (The sister site offers VPS hosting... for $15/month.) Well, that changed in the two or three years since I was actually using virtual servers from them. Sorry. > Also, you seem to be presupposing that nothing about the system in question > requires functioning local peripherals. At the least I was assuming that this wouldn't be any more of a hassle than the originally-proposed server migration. -- Carl Fink nitpick...@nitpicking.com Read my blog at blog.nitpicking.com. Reviews! Observations! Stupid mistakes you can correct!
Re: créer les entrée de tables pour MySQL
- Mail original - De: "bernard schoenacker"À: "Debian User French" Envoyé: Jeudi 6 Avril 2017 16:09:10 Objet: créer les entrée de tables pour MySQL bonjour, j'ai repris un exemple et je souhaiterai l'adapter à la situation : ++-+ | id | name| ++-+ | 1 | happy-tux.org | | 2 | brotsch.happy-tux.org | | 3 | brotsch | | 4 | localhost.happy-tux.org | ++-+ et voici la syntaxe à vérifier : INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains` (`name`) VALUES ('happy-tux.org'),('brotsch.happy-tux.org'),('brotsch'),('localhost.happy-tux.org'); merci de votre aimable attention slt bernard bonjour, j'ai un code erreur : mysql -u root -p mailserver Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 168 Server version: 5.5.54-0+deb8u1 (Debian) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains` -> (`name`) -> VALUES -> (`happy-tux.org`) -> (`brotsch.happy-tux.org`) -> (`brotsch`) -> (`localhost.happy-tux.org`); ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '(`brotsch.happy-tux.org`) (`brotsch`) (`localhost.happy-tux.org`)' at line 5 mysql> mysql> SELECT * FROM mailserver.virtual_domains; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'mailserver.virtual_domains' doesn't exist mysql> comment faire ? slt bernard
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On 06-04-17, Carl Fink wrote: > On Thu, Apr 06, 2017 at 12:35:37PM +0100, Joe wrote: > > > If I was a paid admin looking after multiple servers, yes, that's the > > obvious thing to do. But this isn't my job, and I can't afford to buy a > > second set of hardware, so the only practical test is to actually do > > it. > > Second set of hardware is a false requirement. Go to, say, > http://nosupportlinuxhosting.com and rent a VM for $1/month and set up your > server there. Make it work. If you insist on physical hardware, you can then > clone the working setup back to your physical server. > -- > Carl Fink nitpick...@nitpicking.com > > Read my blog at blog.nitpicking.com. Reviews! Observations! > Stupid mistakes you can correct! > Yes, when I've mentioned cloning I thought of virtual clone, not cloning on hardware. There are many virtual solutions for your problem.
créer les entrée de tables pour MySQL
bonjour, j'ai repris un exemple et je souhaiterai l'adapter à la situation : ++-+ | id | name| ++-+ | 1 | happy-tux.org | | 2 | brotsch.happy-tux.org | | 3 | brotsch | | 4 | localhost.happy-tux.org | ++-+ et voici la syntaxe à vérifier : INSERT INTO `mailserver`.`virtual_domains` (`name`) VALUES ('happy-tux.org'),('brotsch.happy-tux.org'),('brotsch'),('localhost.happy-tux.org'); merci de votre aimable attention slt bernard
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On 06/04/17 14:03, Carl Fink wrote: Second set of hardware is a false requirement. Go to, say, http://nosupportlinuxhosting.com and rent a VM for $1/month *cough* That site does not offer VM hosting for $1/month. It offers *web* hosting for $1/month. (The sister site offers VPS hosting... for $15/month.) Also, you seem to be presupposing that nothing about the system in question requires functioning local peripherals.
Re: Consommation du CPU abusive par Thunderbird et un lien http
On Thursday 06 April 2017 08:52:34 François LE GAD wrote: > Le 05/04/2017 à 20:14, andre_deb...@numericable.fr a écrit : > > Je ne vois pas Thunderbird sous Jessie, mais Icedove, > > sans doute la version pour Debian ? > Thunderbird a remplacé Icedove sous Stretch. > De même, Firefox a remplacé Iceweasel. C'est la valse aller et retour :-) Icedove => Thunderbird, Iceweasel => Firefox. Effectivement, j'ai upgradé Iceweasel et c'est devenu Firefox identique (du moins semble-t-il). André
Re: Quel (s) paquet à installer pour gérer 2 écrans
Bonjour, Avec les dernières cartes NVIDIA, c'est l'écran noir à chaque fois. Le driver "nouveau" ne suffit pas. Je suis obligé de passer par l'installation du driver NVIDIA : aptitude install nvidia-detect nvidia-xconfig init 3 /* Basculement en mode texe */ # > nvidia-detect # > => Donne le nom du driver à installer par 'apt-get' après. apt-get install reboot nvidia-xconfig /* Génération d'un fichier /etc/X11/xorg.conf */ init 5 reboot Cette situation est vrai avec des machines DELL récentes. Je vais rajouter le paquet "arandr" à ma liste de paquets installés par défaut. Bonne journée. Randy11. - Original Message - > From: "Jean-Marc"> To: debian-user-french@lists.debian.org > Sent: Thursday, 30 March, 2017 3:26:32 PM > Subject: Re: Quel (s) paquet à installer pour gérer 2 écrans > > Thu, 30 Mar 2017 09:23:18 +0200 > Eric Bernard écrivait : > > > Bonjour, > > j'utilise 2 écrans depuis pas mal de temps et je n'ai installé que > > le > > pilote propriétaire Nvidia. > > J'utilise plusieurs écrans de temps en temps grâce à la sortie HDMI > de mon portable et je n'ai jamais installé de paquet spécial. > > Le pilote i915 prévu pour le GPU intégré au processeur Intel Haswell > fait très bien le job. > > Et Gnome fournit tout ce qu'il faut pour configurer le tout. > > > > Cordialement > > > >Eric BERNARD > > > Jean-Marc >
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
Rick Thomaswrites: > On Apr 3, 2017, at 7:36 AM, Tom Browder wrote: > >> But I kind of understand why systemd, but I wish I could find a good >> cookbook description of how to add or modify a new process. > > +1 > > Indeed: > The main thing I personally have a problem with in systemd that I did > not have a problem with in sysvinit is that the documentation for how > to do things “the systemd way” is hard to find and opaque once you do > find it. 'man systemd' gives a good overview and points you to the other manpages, which all are explicit, expansive, and full of examples. I never got the feeling that systemd was underdocumented. In fact, I sometimes wish it were a bit more concise. Mart -- "We will need a longer wall when the revolution comes." --- AJS, quoting an uncertain source.
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On Thu, Apr 06, 2017 at 12:35:37PM +0100, Joe wrote: > If I was a paid admin looking after multiple servers, yes, that's the > obvious thing to do. But this isn't my job, and I can't afford to buy a > second set of hardware, so the only practical test is to actually do > it. Second set of hardware is a false requirement. Go to, say, http://nosupportlinuxhosting.com and rent a VM for $1/month and set up your server there. Make it work. If you insist on physical hardware, you can then clone the working setup back to your physical server. -- Carl Fink nitpick...@nitpicking.com Read my blog at blog.nitpicking.com. Reviews! Observations! Stupid mistakes you can correct!
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On Thu, 6 Apr 2017 13:03:32 +0200 Dejan Jocicwrote: > > > Have you thought of cloning your specific set up and then testing it > to see how it will upgrade? Like one clone that you will upgrade with > preventing systemd-sysv to install via Pin-Priority and other clone > where you will upgrade to systemd? Upgrade to at least Jessie is > something that will happen in your case anyway, so why not test it up > front? Just thought really. > If I was a paid admin looking after multiple servers, yes, that's the obvious thing to do. But this isn't my job, and I can't afford to buy a second set of hardware, so the only practical test is to actually do it. I don't usually take a full backup, but I certainly will this time. Even so, if I have a serious problem and need to restore, I can't actually troubleshoot the problem offline, and will simply need to try again when I have more time. -- Joe
Re: Almost all gpg2 operations hang after upgrade to stretch/testing
On 04/06/2017 03:42 AM, Darac Marjal wrote: [snip] I can also recommend "ag" (debian package: silversearcher-ag), which is astoundingly fast as searching text. It ignores VCS directories as above, it searches compressed files without needing to be told (so no need for zgrep, bzgrep etc), and it mmap()s files for very quick scanning. Reading the man page prompted further investigation. Attempted a web search examples or tutorials with only enough success to tantalize me more. They were pages about other topics which had comments suggesting that the page's author try silversearcher-ag. Could you point me to such a page whose primary focus is silversearcher-ag? TIA
Re: system drive encryption question
Rick Thomaswrites: > I used to do this. It worked very well before Jessie came along. > > You need an un-encrypted /boot partition to hold the kernel and > initrd, of course… This is not true, although I also thought it to be the case. Grub2 can handle LUKS, so it is possible to encrypt the whole disk. I recently stumbled across a post where the procedure is explained using archlinux as an example. I’m not sure whether debian includes a version of Grub which can also do so, but in principle an unencrypted /boot partition is not needed. This is the post in question: http://dustymabe.com/2015/07/06/encrypting-more-boot-joins-the-party/ Regards, Nathanael Schweers
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On 06-04-17, Joe wrote: > On Thu, 6 Apr 2017 11:10:12 +0100 > Martin Readwrote: > > > On 06/04/17 10:58, Joe wrote: > > > I understood that an upgrade from Wheezy to Jessie would switch to > > > systemd as init. Even if that could be fixed afterwards, then there > > > will be server downtime and a manual procedure involved which will > > > not be part of the upgrade procedure and therefore will not have > > > been tested by the upgrade designers. > > > > > > Is that not the case? > > > > *By default*, an upgrade from Wheezy to Jessie will switch to systemd > > as init. However, per section 5.6 of the official published release > > notes for Debian 8 "jessie", APT pinning can be used to prevent this > > changeover: > > > > https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/amd64/release-notes/ch-information.en.html#systemd-upgrade-default-init-system > > > > Quoted here for convenience: > > > > BEGIN QUOTE > > As an example, to prevent systemd-sysv from being installed during > > the upgrade, you can create a file called > > /etc/apt/preferences.d/local-pin-init with the following contents: > > > > Package: systemd-sysv > > Pin: release o=Debian > > Pin-Priority: -1 > > END QUOTE > > > > Thanks, I haven't gone through this yet, I've only got one server to > do, but it hasn't yet reached the top of the priorities list... > > -- > Joe > Have you thought of cloning your specific set up and then testing it to see how it will upgrade? Like one clone that you will upgrade with preventing systemd-sysv to install via Pin-Priority and other clone where you will upgrade to systemd? Upgrade to at least Jessie is something that will happen in your case anyway, so why not test it up front? Just thought really. Have fun :)
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On Thu, 6 Apr 2017 12:13:06 +0200 Nicolas Georgewrote: > Le septidi 17 germinal, an CCXXV, Joe a écrit : > >Even if that could be fixed afterwards, then there > > will be server downtime and a manual procedure involved which will > > not be part of the upgrade procedure and therefore will not have > > been tested by the upgrade designers. > > Does that mean that apart from the systemd issue you expect > dist-upgrade to have been tested on your particular setup and to > finish without downtime and manual procedure? > On the whole, yes. I have only packages from the Debian repositories installed, plus some of my own scripts. If I follow the upgrade release notes to the letter, I expect every package to upgrade cleanly, with possibly some minor problems with scripts. I expect some problems with web pages from different versions of apache, php, etc., but I don't consider them to be operating system upgrade issues. Granted, there have been more little niggles with each upgrade (this machine started life as sarge), things get more complicated with each version. I'm not that bothered about downtime (within reason, the Debian lists get very stroppy when their emails bounce) but some people are. What is more worrying is having to wing it through a procedure which has not been tested fully and described in the upgrade documents, but it does appear that will not be the case here. -- Joe
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On Thu, 6 Apr 2017 11:10:12 +0100 Martin Readwrote: > On 06/04/17 10:58, Joe wrote: > > I understood that an upgrade from Wheezy to Jessie would switch to > > systemd as init. Even if that could be fixed afterwards, then there > > will be server downtime and a manual procedure involved which will > > not be part of the upgrade procedure and therefore will not have > > been tested by the upgrade designers. > > > > Is that not the case? > > *By default*, an upgrade from Wheezy to Jessie will switch to systemd > as init. However, per section 5.6 of the official published release > notes for Debian 8 "jessie", APT pinning can be used to prevent this > changeover: > > https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/amd64/release-notes/ch-information.en.html#systemd-upgrade-default-init-system > > Quoted here for convenience: > > BEGIN QUOTE > As an example, to prevent systemd-sysv from being installed during > the upgrade, you can create a file called > /etc/apt/preferences.d/local-pin-init with the following contents: > > Package: systemd-sysv > Pin: release o=Debian > Pin-Priority: -1 > END QUOTE > Thanks, I haven't gone through this yet, I've only got one server to do, but it hasn't yet reached the top of the priorities list... -- Joe
Re: system drive encryption question
On Apr 6, 2017, at 3:18 AM, Rick Thomaswrote: > I suspect it would not be difficult to implement such a feature again under > recent systemd versions, but nobody’s done it yet — at least as far as I know. > > If I take a stab at implementing such a feature, would you be interested in > helping? Helpful reading for this effort: http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PasswordAgents Enjoy! Rick
Re: system drive encryption question
On Apr 5, 2017, at 4:31 PM, FHDATAwrote: > hello, > > I am not currently using debian as linux OS but > considering it ... > > > If I clean install debian (latest of course) and during > the install process have its / (system drive) > encrypted with pass-phrase > > then later on, can I add a key, residing on > a usb flash drive, to that encryption? > > if yes, is there a step-by-step method one can follow to do that? > > > > thank you, > F- I used to do this. It worked very well before Jessie came along. You need an un-encrypted /boot partition to hold the kernel and initrd, of course… With the introduction of systemd in Jessie, the mechanism that ran a script to get a password to decrypt the root disk[1] got broken. I don’t think there was anything about systemd in particular that made it impossible, it just wasn’t at the top of the developer’s priority list to implement that feature. I suspect it would not be difficult to implement such a feature again under recent systemd versions, but nobody’s done it yet — at least as far as I know. If I take a stab at implementing such a feature, would you be interested in helping? Enjoy! Rick [1] In my case the script looked for a USB drive with a given label, mounted it, read the key from a file it found there, then unmounted the USB drive so it could be removed by the sysop for safe-keeping until the next reboot.
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
Le septidi 17 germinal, an CCXXV, Joe a écrit : > Even if that could be fixed afterwards, then there > will be server downtime and a manual procedure involved which will not > be part of the upgrade procedure and therefore will not have been tested > by the upgrade designers. Does that mean that apart from the systemd issue you expect dist-upgrade to have been tested on your particular setup and to finish without downtime and manual procedure? Regards, -- Nicolas George signature.asc Description: Digital signature
Re: Sound problems (mpd, mpv mainly)
On 06/04/17 07:45, Ric Moore wrote privately to me with a question about how my previous remarks made sense. Here's my public answer. First, the dependency bill could be considerably more than 111kB, because while pavucontrol is itself only 111kB, it also requires the Pango font handling library, the Cairo drawing library, the GTK+ windowing library, the GLib utility library, the Canberra event sounds library, and the ATK accessibility interface library, none of which are dependencies of pulseaudio. The average GUI user wouldn't be bothered by that, since they've probably got all of those libraries dragged in by application software, but not all use cases for pulseaudio require a GUI in the first place (I might be running it on my headless home media server), and some GUI users treat their GUI as just a way to have lots of xterms on screen at once. Second, pulseaudio Depends: pulseaudio-utils, meaning that any Debian system with pulseaudio installed will have pacmd (an interactive terminal-oriented program for submitting commands to a pulseaudio server) and pactl (a non-interactive program for submitting commands to a pulseaudio server) available. These are inconvenient for your particular use case, but they are sufficient to make pulseaudio functional. Thus, suggesting that "pulseaudio Suggests: pavucontrol" should become "pulseaudio Recommends: pavucontrol" would be entirely reasonable, since a very common set of pulseaudio use cases are vastly more convenient with pavucontrol installed, but suggesting that it should become "pulseaudio Depends: pavucontrol" would not.
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On 06/04/17 10:58, Joe wrote: I understood that an upgrade from Wheezy to Jessie would switch to systemd as init. Even if that could be fixed afterwards, then there will be server downtime and a manual procedure involved which will not be part of the upgrade procedure and therefore will not have been tested by the upgrade designers. Is that not the case? *By default*, an upgrade from Wheezy to Jessie will switch to systemd as init. However, per section 5.6 of the official published release notes for Debian 8 "jessie", APT pinning can be used to prevent this changeover: https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/amd64/release-notes/ch-information.en.html#systemd-upgrade-default-init-system Quoted here for convenience: BEGIN QUOTE As an example, to prevent systemd-sysv from being installed during the upgrade, you can create a file called /etc/apt/preferences.d/local-pin-init with the following contents: Package: systemd-sysv Pin: release o=Debian Pin-Priority: -1 END QUOTE
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On Thu, 6 Apr 2017 10:18:05 +0100 Jonathan Dowlandwrote: > On Wed, Apr 05, 2017 at 11:04:04AM -0400, Dan Ritter wrote: > > For example, I run on the order of a thousand servers that are > > running Wheezy because we haven't managed a smooth transition to > > Jessie yet, and systemd is a large part of that problem. > > If you go for Jessie-using-sysvinit instead, what blockers remain? > I understood that an upgrade from Wheezy to Jessie would switch to systemd as init. Even if that could be fixed afterwards, then there will be server downtime and a manual procedure involved which will not be part of the upgrade procedure and therefore will not have been tested by the upgrade designers. Is that not the case? -- Joe
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On Wed, Apr 05, 2017 at 11:04:04AM -0400, Dan Ritter wrote: > For example, I run on the order of a thousand servers that are > running Wheezy because we haven't managed a smooth transition to > Jessie yet, and systemd is a large part of that problem. If you go for Jessie-using-sysvinit instead, what blockers remain? -- ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Jonathan Dowland ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://jmtd.net ⠈⠳⣄ Please do not CC me, I am subscribed to the list. signature.asc Description: Digital signature
Re: If Linux Is About Choice, Why Then ...
On Wed, 05 Apr 2017 20:12:53 +0200, Michael Biebl wrote: > Am 05.04.2017 um 20:05 schrieb Dan Ritter: >> On Wed, Apr 05, 2017 at 07:26:03PM +0200, Michael Biebl wrote: >>> Am 05.04.2017 um 17:04 schrieb Dan Ritter: On Wed, Apr 05, 2017 at 03:47:33PM +0100, Jonathan Dowland wrote: > On Mon, Apr 03, 2017 at 05:06:22AM -0700, Rick Thomas wrote: >> Aside from being insulting, this is just plain untrue. There are >> well over 100,000 professional Linux sysadmins worldwide. I'd >> estimate that at least a third of them administer at least one - >> and probably more than one - systems that work better with >> sysvinit than with systemd. > > That estimate sounds plucked out of the air to me. It certainly is. For example, I run on the order of a thousand servers that are running Wheezy because we haven't managed a smooth transition to Jessie yet, and systemd is a large part of that problem. >>> what problems exactly do you have which are caused by systemd? >> >> We have our own applications, built over the last 19 years, that are >> managed by sysvinit scripts which are handled by a configuration >> management system that we built and open-sourced before Chef or Puppet >> were born. Nobody wants to rewrite all of this. Initial testing of >> systemd compatibility were negative, and nothing looked so easy to fix >> that someone jumped up and said "I'll do that!" >> >> > Any specifics? What problems did you run into with the sysv compat > support in systemd? Do you feel confident whit it Michel Biebl? My clients could not feel confident whit it! "Community Systemd is a lively project with dozens of developers from various companies, including Red Hat, Samsung and Intel. It integrates contributions from even more individual contributors: to this date, 438 authors, with 63 having at least 10 commits. It can also be noted that two of the Debian maintainers have commit permissions." https://wiki.debian.org/Debate/initsystem/systemd
Re: Almost all gpg2 operations hang after upgrade to stretch/testing
Nicolas Georgewrites: > Le septidi 17 germinal, an CCXXV, Nathanael Schweers a écrit : >> connect(6, {sa_family=AF_UNIX, >> sun_path="/run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent"}, 34) = 0 >> read(6, >> >> It seems to me that strace shouldn’t just stop in the middle of an >> argument list, but I might be wrong. > > It is perfectly normal. strace will print the contents of the buffer > that has just been read, but for that, it must wait that the syscall > finished. > > Thus, we know that the problem is the agent not responding at all to the > client. stracing the agent may give more information. Ah, thanks a lot for that tip! I went again and looked how the agent is started, as it immediately respawned whenever I sent SIGTERM to it. Turns out, I still had a systemd user service, which started the agent using environment variables and the like. As soon as I had removed that service and performed a reboot (I’m not sure what exactly would have to be restarted), everything worked! At any rate, you really saved my day, thank you so much! > >> 5307 pts/4S+ 0:00 grep --color=auto --exclude-dir=.bzr >> --exclude-dir=CVS --exclude-dir=.git --exclude-dir=.hg >> --exclude-dir=.svn -i gpg > > As a side note, you might be interested to know "git grep"; it greps > tracked files but not the repository, and even works when working out of > tree. Those seem to be the default arguments for grep or something. I use oh-my-zsh, it may come from there. Also, I know about git grep, yet hardly use it. Maybe I should ;) Regards, Nathanael Schweers
Re: Almost all gpg2 operations hang after upgrade to stretch/testing
On Thu, Apr 06, 2017 at 10:32:04AM +0200, Nicolas George wrote: Le septidi 17 germinal, an CCXXV, Nathanael Schweers a écrit : connect(6, {sa_family=AF_UNIX, sun_path="/run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent"}, 34) = 0 read(6, It seems to me that strace shouldn’t just stop in the middle of an argument list, but I might be wrong. It is perfectly normal. strace will print the contents of the buffer that has just been read, but for that, it must wait that the syscall finished. Thus, we know that the problem is the agent not responding at all to the client. stracing the agent may give more information. 5307 pts/4S+ 0:00 grep --color=auto --exclude-dir=.bzr --exclude-dir=CVS --exclude-dir=.git --exclude-dir=.hg --exclude-dir=.svn -i gpg As a side note, you might be interested to know "git grep"; it greps tracked files but not the repository, and even works when working out of tree. I can also recommend "ag" (debian package: silversearcher-ag), which is astoundingly fast as searching text. It ignores VCS directories as above, it searches compressed files without needing to be told (so no need for zgrep, bzgrep etc), and it mmap()s files for very quick scanning. Regards, -- Nicolas George -- For more information, please reread.
Re: Almost all gpg2 operations hang after upgrade to stretch/testing
Le septidi 17 germinal, an CCXXV, Nathanael Schweers a écrit : > connect(6, {sa_family=AF_UNIX, > sun_path="/run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent"}, 34) = 0 > read(6, > > It seems to me that strace shouldn’t just stop in the middle of an > argument list, but I might be wrong. It is perfectly normal. strace will print the contents of the buffer that has just been read, but for that, it must wait that the syscall finished. Thus, we know that the problem is the agent not responding at all to the client. stracing the agent may give more information. > 5307 pts/4S+ 0:00 grep --color=auto --exclude-dir=.bzr > --exclude-dir=CVS --exclude-dir=.git --exclude-dir=.hg > --exclude-dir=.svn -i gpg As a side note, you might be interested to know "git grep"; it greps tracked files but not the repository, and even works when working out of tree. Regards, -- Nicolas George signature.asc Description: Digital signature
Re: Almost all gpg2 operations hang after upgrade to stretch/testing
When I run strace gpg2 -d notes.org.gpg strace stops output in mid syscall(?) [... cut ...] open("/usr/share/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/libgpg-error.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) open("/usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/libgpg-error.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) getuid()= 1000 stat("/run/user/1000", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0700, st_size=160, ...}) = 0 getuid()= 1000 stat("/run/user/1000/gnupg", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0700, st_size=140, ...}) = 0 getuid()= 1000 stat("/run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent", {st_mode=S_IFSOCK|0600, st_size=0, ...}) = 0 socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0) = 6 stat("/run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent", {st_mode=S_IFSOCK|0600, st_size=0, ...}) = 0 connect(6, {sa_family=AF_UNIX, sun_path="/run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent"}, 34) = 0 read(6, It seems to me that strace shouldn’t just stop in the middle of an argument list, but I might be wrong. I ran ps in a different terminal to see what gpg stuff is running: $ ps ax | grep -i gpg 5230 pts/1S+ 0:00 strace gpg2 -d notes.org.gpg 5232 pts/1SL+0:00 gpg2 -d notes.org.gpg 5260 ?SLs0:00 /usr/bin/gpg-agent --daemon --enable-ssh-support --use-standard-socket --write-env-file /run/user/1000/gpg-agent.info 5307 pts/4S+ 0:00 grep --color=auto --exclude-dir=.bzr --exclude-dir=CVS --exclude-dir=.git --exclude-dir=.hg --exclude-dir=.svn -i gpg Also the socket file seems fine: $ ls -l /run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent srw--- 1 schweers schweers 0 Apr 6 08:54 /run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent On 04/06/2017 10:15 AM, Nicolas George wrote: > Le septidi 17 germinal, an CCXXV, Nathanael Schweers a écrit : >> For instance gpg2 -K --verbose prints "gpg: using pgp trust model", but >> then just hangs. Trying to decrypt a file via gpg2 -d --verbose >> simply outputs what my public key is (I think a fingerprint >> is listed), and then also hangs. >> >> gpg2 -k on the other hand works. > Is the GPG agent running correctly? > > You could try strace to see what exactly is blocking. > > Regards, >
Re: convertir une image jpeg en tiff
Le 06/04/2017 à 00:23, JF Straeten a écrit : > Re, > > On Wed, Apr 05, 2017 at 08:39:11PM +0400, MALGORNd wrote: > > [...] >> Par contre, je ne comprends pas l'intérêt de passer de .JPG en .TIFF >> si ce n'est pour être compatible avec une application particulière. > C'est tout à fait cela, en fait ; en tout cas, c'est ce que j'ai > compris de la demande de Bernard : tesseract ne mangerait pas le jpeg > en entrée (pas vérifié ; j'utilise toujours du pnm). > > A+ Comme dit, le logiciel OCR tesseract semble fonctionner correctement. C'est plus le traitement de l'image, avant le scann de reconnaissance, qui semble nécessaire, pour avoir une image sur fond plus blanc, et, caractères plus noirs.
Re: Almost all gpg2 operations hang after upgrade to stretch/testing
Le septidi 17 germinal, an CCXXV, Nathanael Schweers a écrit : > For instance gpg2 -K --verbose prints "gpg: using pgp trust model", but > then just hangs. Trying to decrypt a file via gpg2 -d --verbose > simply outputs what my public key is (I think a fingerprint > is listed), and then also hangs. > > gpg2 -k on the other hand works. Is the GPG agent running correctly? You could try strace to see what exactly is blocking. Regards, -- Nicolas George signature.asc Description: Digital signature
Almost all gpg2 operations hang after upgrade to stretch/testing
Hi fellow debian users, after upgrading a system running debian jessie/stable, I performed an upgrade to stretch/testing, which went fairly well for the most part. I had a few issues, but nothing I couldn’t handle. I have unresolved issues with gpg though. This is what happened so far: Most operations on gpg2 gave me a message that the old keys will be migrated. The problem is: this seemed to hang indefinitely, without consuming many resources. As I couldn’t find a solution, I copied my whole ~/.gnupg directory to a different machine, where the migration had been successful for other keys (created and used on debian jessie, then migrated to archlinux, gpg2 version 2.1.19). This worked, and I copied ~/.gnupg back again. The problem is: this didn’t resolve my issue. The migrated keys work fine on the archlinux machine where I performed the migration, yet practically all operations on my debian machine simply hang without much output as to what is supposed to happen or consuming resources. While writing this mail I realized that the slightly older version of gpg2 on stretch (2.1.18) may be an issue. Can this be the case? For instance gpg2 -K --verbose prints "gpg: using pgp trust model", but then just hangs. Trying to decrypt a file via gpg2 -d --verbose simply outputs what my public key is (I think a fingerprint is listed), and then also hangs. gpg2 -k on the other hand works. As I have a backup of my complete home directory from before the system upgrade, I still have access to ~/.gnupg as it was before the upgrade, should that be necessary. Does anyone have an idea what the problem might be? Best regards, Nathanael Schweers
debian stretch
will it support secureboot in its current stage
Re: system drive encryption question
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 On Wed, Apr 05, 2017 at 05:31:38PM -0600, FHDATA wrote: > > > hello, > > I am not currently using debian as linux OS but > considering it ... > > > If I clean install debian (latest of course) and during > the install process have its / (system drive) > encrypted with pass-phrase > > then later on, can I add a key, residing on > a usb flash drive, to that encryption? I assume the encryption will be LUKS based (the default here). LUKS supports several key slots (8 if I remember correctly), and cryptsetup's man page mentions a luksAddKey command, so it should be possible. I haven't tried it myself yet, though. Regards - -- tomás -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.4.12 (GNU/Linux) iEYEARECAAYFAljl5cwACgkQBcgs9XrR2kbgHgCfXHiAR6e20YFiQVF/GEsFFGFZ JvIAmQG0rGx5bPXpPHZNbCYLniXw5yuO =2wzk -END PGP SIGNATURE-
Re: Consommation du CPU abusive par Thunderbird et un lien http
Le 05/04/2017 à 20:14, andre_deb...@numericable.fr a écrit : Je ne vois pas Thunderbird sous Jessie, mais Icedove, sans doute la version pour Debian ? Thunderbird a remplacé Icedove sous Stretch. De même, Firefox a remplacé Iceweasel. -- François
probleme fetchmail et smtp local
Bonjour, Fetchmail semble se connecter au smtp local avant de rapatrier les email. Visiblement sur ma machine, il n'y arrive pas, cela est du à quoi, je pensais tout d'abord que le problème était distant mais je crois que c'est local: voila ce qu'indique fetchmail: fetchmail: Erreur de connexion pour cette récupération: nom 0: échec de connexion avec localhost:smtp [::1/25] : Connexion refusée. nom 1: échec de connexion avec localhost:smtp [127.0.0.1/25] : Connexion refusée. fetchmail: Échec de connexion SMTP avec localhost fetchmail: erreur Transaction SMTP durant la réception de alex6906.5791pad...@pop.wanadoo.fr et l'envoi vers le serveur SMTP localhost Merci pour vos conseils.