Re: total newbie question
Remember that Unix systems have a hierachial directory system. The PATH variable tells the system (specifically the shell) where and how to search for commands. Additionally, Unix, unlike Mac and Windows9x, is a multi-user system. Each user has their own directory tree. Let's say on a large Unix system with hundreds or thousands of users, should the system search every directory in the hierarchy for a command. If the command by the same name appears in more than one directory, which should be found first. I mentioned that the PATH variable also described how the search should proceed (or more specifically the order): example: BASH or KSH syntax: export PATH=$HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/opt/someapp/bin In the above PATH, when the user types a command, the shell will search first in the user's home directory tree bin directory, then in the root bin, forllowed by /usr/bin, /usr/local/bin and the bin directory of some application. Note that it does not search in the user's current directory (you must add . (eg dot) to the PATH). A user might also add /sbin and /usr/sbin. Unix and Linux have over 1000 commands installed on each system. Since the Mac is primarily a GUI, you don't generally execute commands at the command line. In older MS-DOS systems, and current Windows commands prompts, where you can enter commands at the command line, you tell the system through the PATH where those commands are. On 15 Apr 2002 at 18:29, Michael Bovee wrote: Okay, apologies in advance, but something I _just dont get_ is the PATH variable. (I'm a born and raised Macintosh user so please bear with me) I bought a SAMS Teach Yourself book on Unix, but it says nothing about WHY this PATH thing is even necessary. (Under MacOS... if I invoke the 'FIND' command it just looks everywhere all the time) I just want to execute a command, or find a file, something 'simple' For example, I tried running commands the SuSE 7.3 (for PPC) manual tells me to use for configuring stuff like my PCMCIA network card and all I get back is - command not found. But it HAS to be there, somewhere. Doesn't work as regular user or as root. Why is it not the default that the system can look *everywhere*? Or more to the point, why would my followed-the-rules install of SuSE Linux 7.3 not be already configured to allow me to do the very things the printed manual says should work? Almost every time I try something on my own I burn up time and a new set of spinning wheels without getting anywhere. :0) As the months fly by, MacOS X improves; there's now this Fink project http://fink.sourceforge.net and I'm left feeling that all the money I've put into distro software and books has been for nothing... Maybe I just need a more basic intro book? Maybe I should just learn OS X and go away!? :0) TIA, I appreciate the willingness of experts on this mailing list to stoop to my level! --Michael -- ^^ Michael L. Bovee, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Fellow University of Vermont Department of Biochemistry B403 Given Building Burlington, VT 05405-0068 email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://biochem.uvm.edu Lab 802-656-0345 FAX 802-862-8229 ^^ * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. * -- Jerry Feldman [EMAIL PROTECTED] Associate Director Boston Linux and Unix user group http://www.blu.org PGP key id:C5061EA9 PGP Key fingerprint:053C 73EC 3AC1 5C44 3E14 9245 FB00 3ED5 C506 1EA9 * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Informational GNHLUG Post
Dan Coutu Your recent post on the PATH variable was excellent (and informative for many). Thanks for taking the time to post an informational message to the GNLUG Mail List. We need more quality posts rather than those of rants or perhaps bordering on generalities. paulc * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Newbie Advice
Michael Bovee wrote: Maybe I just need a more basic intro book? Maybe I should just learn OS X and go away!? :0) No, don't go away. Hang in there, you'll have more fun with Linux. paulc * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: PATH (was total newbie)
Michael Bovee [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
echo $PATH returns the following info -- (linebreaks chosen for
clarity, I hope)
/usr/local/us/bin:/usr/local/qt/bin:/usr/local/us/bin:
/usr/local/us/bin:/usr/local/qt/bin:/usr/local/us/bin:
/usr/local/us/bin:/usr/local/qt/bin:/usr/local/us/bin:
/usr/local/us/bin:/usr/local/qt/bin:/usr/local/us/bin:
/usr/local/us/bin:/usr/local/qt/bin:/usr/local/us/bin:
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/bin:/usr/games/bin:
/usr/games:/opt/gnome/bin:/opt/ked2/bin:.:/opt/gnome/bin:
/local/qmake/bin:/usr/local/tmake/bin:/local/qmake/bin:
/usr/local/tmake/bin:/local/qmake/bin:/usr/local/tmake/bin:
local/qmake/bin:/usr/local/tmake/bin:/local/qmake/bin:
/usr/local/tmake/bin
You might want to stick something like this at the end of your
.profile:
PATH=`perl -e 'print join :, grep {-d !$d{$_}++} split /:/, $ENV{'PATH'}'`
This will clean up your PATH (it removes duplicates but also preserves
the original order).
(the same thing works well for other : delimited variables, like for
example MANPATH)
Regards,
--kevin
--
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ADVERTISEMENT: On Sunday May 5th, I'm riding my bicycle 100 miles
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Re: Emacs questions
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii In a message dated: Mon, 15 Apr 2002 17:52:10 EDT Derek D. Martin said: None whatsoever, but I'd like to offer a perspective on why it might be useful to leave that behavior alone... If you're not the only one editing a file especially, more often than not the most recent changes are also the most relevant changes, and appear at the top of the changelog for that reason. It provides faster access to what you're most likely to be interested in. It's pretty common to keep such files in reverse chronological order, for that reason. I fully understand *why* it is the way it is, but I'm using the changelog-mode as sort of daily journal thingy to keep track of what I'm doing, and my mind thinks in chronological order, not reverse (chronological order) :) Since I *am* the only one accessing this particular file, I'd like it to append the entries instead. Now, if only there were a decent 'diary-mode' or something. The existing 'diary-mode' IMO would be more appropriately named 'calendar-mode' or 'organizer-mode' since it really only allows you to schedule events, not really keep a log. Changelog seems to do what I want, just backwards :) - -- Seeya, Paul -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) Comment: Exmh version 2.2 06/23/2000 (debian 2.2-1) iD8DBQE8vCSjuweSOVPxKO4RAu2HAKCCq67lX1wvLve4C9V/ZulZZFpoWACgtuE1 /PggTL5BdsFlV0NuI5Vwqbg= =Oq+t -END PGP SIGNATURE- * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: PATH (was total newbie)
sbin and /usr/sbin is not normally placed into the path of a regular user. You can execute any Unix command by specifying it's full path: /sbin/lilo for instance. The reason for this is that /sbin and /usr/sbin are normally used for system management. On 16 Apr 2002 at 8:28, Michael Bovee wrote: Well, the encouraging replies from Derek M., Dan C., and Benjamin S. have turned my frown upside down! (thanks for tolerating my whiney tone yesterday) Simply put, my PATH is really hosed up! /sbin nowhere to be found. No wonder I've been having so much trouble! But let me back up briefly and provide info that may be useful for troubleshooters: I got into the linux biz out of the need for a research software app called UltraScan, referred to as just us on the CLI. So, yeah, unfortunately I do not have much unix experience. But as the heart of MacOS X indicates, unix IS the foreseeable future of personal computer operating systems, and so I want and need to learn how to use it in some form. At least a working familiarity so that I can get work done. I'm actually excited about learning how to use it, just not when I can't even get a simple command to work :0) The writer of the 'us' software developed it for intel machines, so he has bent over backwards by helping configure it on my PPC machine, because there have been many unexpected hurdles to getting it working right. In fact, there is still a problem with how it displays graphs on the screen. Might require a recompile of X or something, I have been told. Anyway, after all the work he did on my machine (cross-country, via the net) it looks like a bunch of crap has piled up in my PATH so I'm looking for advice on how best to prune it. Maybe I'm doing something unintentionally to cause all the duplication? (see below) echo $PATH returns the following info -- (linebreaks chosen for clarity, I hope) /usr/local/us/bin:/usr/local/qt/bin:/usr/local/us/bin: /usr/local/us/bin:/usr/local/qt/bin:/usr/local/us/bin: /usr/local/us/bin:/usr/local/qt/bin:/usr/local/us/bin: /usr/local/us/bin:/usr/local/qt/bin:/usr/local/us/bin: /usr/local/us/bin:/usr/local/qt/bin:/usr/local/us/bin: /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/bin:/usr/games/bin: /usr/games:/opt/gnome/bin:/opt/ked2/bin:.:/opt/gnome/bin: /local/qmake/bin:/usr/local/tmake/bin:/local/qmake/bin: /usr/local/tmake/bin:/local/qmake/bin:/usr/local/tmake/bin: local/qmake/bin:/usr/local/tmake/bin:/local/qmake/bin: /usr/local/tmake/bin Clearly a horrible mess! I have been using KDE for desktop mgr, so I don't guess I need any gnome stuff, and I havent been using linux for games, so I don't think that needs to be there. (Although another linuxhead here was showing me BZFlag netplay, which was pretty cool, and I thought it might be fun to get that working as a learning experience!) I am using BASH shell. The command I was trying to run yesterday, cardmgr, was easily and quickly found with whereis and locate when logged in as a regular user. 'which' only worked as root, and 'find' took too long to bother with but it did work. cardmgr was found in /sbin/cardmgr. So from Dan Coutu's reply, it looks like my PATH should start off with, or at least include, /sbin, /usr/bin, /bin, and /usr/bin. And I do want to keep one copy of /usr/local/us/bin but that can/should go at the end, right? Can I just trash this whole path and re-write it? Thanks for all your kind and thorough advice! --Michael -- ^^ Michael L. Bovee, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Fellow University of Vermont Department of Biochemistry B403 Given Building Burlington, VT 05405-0068 email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://biochem.uvm.edu Lab 802-656-0345 FAX 802-862-8229 ^^ * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. * -- Jerry Feldman [EMAIL PROTECTED] Associate Director Boston Linux and Unix user group http://www.blu.org PGP key id:C5061EA9 PGP Key fingerprint:053C 73EC 3AC1 5C44 3E14 9245 FB00 3ED5 C506 1EA9 * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: Linux, Windows(tm), taxes - and privacy. A personal narrative (long)
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Bill, Thanks for the great write-up! You might want to organize that into a magazine article and submit it to LJ, I'm sure many other people out there would be interested in hearing of your success! I also have leaped a small hurdle with Windows interoperability recently, though no where near as complicated as your story :) My current employer seems to think that using Exchange and Outlook is a good thing. I suppose in a large company (19,000 people) where the majority of them are non-technically savy or middle management, it sort of makes sense, since Outlook seems to have all the features someone of that description could ever want. However, I've lived with the power of exmh/procmail and the flexibility of UNIX for far too long to consider this silly little toy as a real e-mail environment. My first day on the job was spent suffering with Windows 2000. Well, actually, the suffering lasted maybe 30 minutes. Then I decided I would play with cygwin. I quickly realized that I was at that point, essentially re-creating Linux within Windows. The second day was spent re-partitioning my drive and installing Linux, and getting all comfy :) Day 3, I bought the Codeweavers Crossover Office and Crossover Plugin for Linux ($65 for both, as opposed to the $65 for *just* Ximian's Evolution Connector for Exchange 2000). So far Codeweaver's works great. There are some minor flaws and bugs. There seems to be a minor problem with the cursor on dialog box pop-ups where the cursor disappears when you enter the box, but if you're slow and careful, when you click, you end up clicking the correct button. Another bug I've found is that Outlook crashes when you try and do a print-preview. So I don't do that any more :) The one bug I've seemed to stumble into that is really annoying me has to do with 'Rules' which seems to be Outlooks sorry excuse for a mail-sorting filter wizard thingy. First, they make up rules in natural language. Probably okay for people who think in a natural language fashion. I think I've been around computers too long, since 'if...then' clauses and regular expressions make more sense to me than those rules do :) The bug appears to be that they (Codeweavers) have not implemented a mechanism for dealing with rules yet, specifically the 'Redirect' rules, which is what you need to have mail sent to another e-mail address upon arrival. So, until I figure out how to get all my outlook mail forwarded to a Unix box, I run with 2 mail clients on my desktop, Outlook and exmh. So far it's working out pretty good. The Crossover Office suite allows you to install the native MS Office suite onto a Linux box and run those apps. There's no emulation or anything going on, and you don't need to install Wine. All the office apps work, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, etc. I'm only using Outlook because that's all I need here. I have OpenOffice, AbiWord, Gnumeric, and LyX installed for anything else I'll ever need to do, and I'll never mail someone here, or anywhere, a Word attachment, it will always be either PS or PDF. So, for anyone out there who wants to save money and not pay that Windows OS tax, there is a way you can use MS apps under Linux. The old complaint that Word doesn't run on Linux is NO LONGER VALID! Oh, as for the Crossover Plugin package? I now have Windows Media Player and Quicktime plugins running under Galeon on Linux! So, I now have the multimedia capabilities of Windows and the power of Linux. How sweet is that!? - -- Seeya, Paul -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) Comment: Exmh version 2.2 06/23/2000 (debian 2.2-1) iD8DBQE8vClfuweSOVPxKO4RAthnAKDSsRqI06XVGGKJUATcY9T9+ODYRgCglHVU Ib0Kus6PeCkyxLN2zlifM9Q= =AH3P -END PGP SIGNATURE- * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: total newbie question
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii In a message dated: Mon, 15 Apr 2002 18:55:00 EDT Derek D. Martin said: -BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 If you can't find a command, try $ whereis command If that doesn't turn it up, try $ locate command If it's on the system, one of these should generally find it. The first looks in pre-defined locations, generally those places where commands tend to live, to see if the file can be found. The second looks up anything that matches command in a database of all files on your system. An interesting caveat I've just encountered. Typically when I build a system, I install it, then walk away from it for a bit, but forget the system is on. So it stays up and running for at least a day until I get back to it. With my most recent install being on a laptop that I only use during working hours, the system hasn't yet been up more than 8 hours or so, and only between the hours of 8:00 and 17:00ish. Why is thins important? Anacron gets run between 6:30 and 7:00 a.m.! Anacron is what invokes the updatedb command which is what creates the database used by the 'locate' command. As a result, none of the packages I've installed over the past week have been 'located' because this cronjob *NEVER* runs. It never runs, because the laptop isn't powered up until well after that job is supposed to have run :) Obviously I can (and have by now) run this manually, and even changed the time at which anacron runs. But this isn't something I would expect most people to realize, *especially* if they're a neophyte! Hope this helps someone :) - -- Seeya, Paul -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) Comment: Exmh version 2.2 06/23/2000 (debian 2.2-1) iD8DBQE8vCyzuweSOVPxKO4RAttPAJ93VSJqVbw0JyK2ZPtfUVAqJeJgAQCcCpJC d5KYuFVTaAKHaofMpqRgUAQ= =o40l -END PGP SIGNATURE- * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: PATH (was total newbie)
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii In a message dated: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 08:28:55 EDT Michael Bovee said: Well, the encouraging replies from Derek M., Dan C., and Benjamin S. have turned my frown upside down! (thanks for tolerating my whiney tone yesterday) Simply put, my PATH is really hosed up! /sbin nowhere to be found. No wonder I've been having so much trouble! Well, that's not surprising in the least. I'm going to take a wild guess that this is a RedHat system? They seem to have a knack for not including /sbin in anyone's path, including 'root'! I find this bizarre and completely incomprehensible to say the least. Sure, fine, a normal user might not ordinarily need to use 'ifconfig'. But 'root' sure as heck has a need for it! I don't remember, but I think they also leave out /usr/sbin as well. Not to pick exclusively on RH, I've noticed over the years that UNIX vendors in general have no clue how to set up a user environment correctly. Sun, HP, Compaq (nee DEC), none of them could provide a decent default PATH for users. I've ended up cobbling together my own over the years that includes some bizarre locations that are never in default PATHs, but, I expect most people do this anyway, mostly, like myself, out of necessity and frustration :) So, don't give up just yet. Once you figure how things work, you'll never want to be on a non-UNIX system ever again :) - -- Seeya, Paul -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) Comment: Exmh version 2.2 06/23/2000 (debian 2.2-1) iD8DBQE8vC5zuweSOVPxKO4RAp1nAJ0fTKdDbrQj2qvLmfF2gTm5x5jseACfVScz UF2xxPppoaWWifQuBIXwF+E= =VDip -END PGP SIGNATURE- * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: PATH (was total newbie)
Michael Bovee said:
Simply put, my PATH is really hosed up! /sbin nowhere to be found. No
wonder I've been having so much trouble! But let me back up briefly
and provide info that may be useful for troubleshooters:
echo $PATH returns the following info -- (linebreaks chosen for
clarity, I hope)
/usr/local/us/bin:/usr/local/qt/bin:/usr/local/us/bin:
/usr/local/us/bin:/usr/local/qt/bin:/usr/local/us/bin:
/usr/local/us/bin:/usr/local/qt/bin:/usr/local/us/bin:
/usr/local/us/bin:/usr/local/qt/bin:/usr/local/us/bin:
/usr/local/us/bin:/usr/local/qt/bin:/usr/local/us/bin:
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/bin:/usr/games/bin:
/usr/games:/opt/gnome/bin:/opt/ked2/bin:.:/opt/gnome/bin:
/local/qmake/bin:/usr/local/tmake/bin:/local/qmake/bin:
/usr/local/tmake/bin:/local/qmake/bin:/usr/local/tmake/bin:
local/qmake/bin:/usr/local/tmake/bin:/local/qmake/bin:
/usr/local/tmake/bin
I have a bunch of ksh functions I got off the net somewhere that help
me keep my {MAN|LD_LIBRARY|CLASS|*}PATH variables clean. It works on
any variable with : seperations.
addpath - adds somthing to the beginning or end of the path IFF it's
not already on the path and it exists on the
system
delpath - removes it from the path
uniqpath - strips out repeating elements, preserving order.
I run on lots of different systems (Linux, NetBSD, Solaris, in the poast
SunOS, SGI, HP-UX, Tru64, Ultrix, AIX) and run the same .profile.
So on SGI, I want /usr/bsd in my path. On SunOS, /usr/ucb. addpath
will do the right thing. It takes longer to login, but then my system
doesn't waste time searching down bad paths for stuff. And I can have
one profile to maintain.
I think it will run in bash too. If anyone wants a tar of it, send me
email.
--
---
Tom Buskey
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Re: PATH (was total newbie)
FWIW...
I've worked at so many places with so many screwed up
PATH definitions that I've basically just collected
(don't laugh!) all likely PATH components from
every place I've ever worked in a list. When I start
working somewhere new I first execute my pathPreen()
function (after suitably sorting the members of
ALL_POSSIBLE_PATH_DIRS to reflect the desired precedence)
and then save the resultant PATH string in my .bashrc
for static init of my PATH thereafter at that site.
These definitions live in my .bashrc:
ALL_POSSIBLE_PATH_DIRS=
~/local/script
ARCH_DEPENDENT_LOCAL_BIN
/afs/ri/vice/bin
/bin
/etc
/etc/net
/home/loverso/local/arch/bin
/home/loverso/local/bin
/home/sun_client
~jeffc/bin
/local/bin
~loverso/local/arch/bin
~loverso/local/bin
/nfs/bin
/opt/local/bin
/opt/local/local/bin
/opt/X11/bin
/sbin
/tools/atria/bin
/u/bin
/u/mh
/u/scripts
/u/solaris-cc/bin
/usr/atria/bin
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/mh
/usr/bin/X11
/usr/ccs/gcc
/usr/etc
/usr/games
/usr/hosts
/usr/i860/bin
/usr/lang
/usr/local
/usr/local/bin
/usr/local/games
/usr/local/gnu/bin
/usr/local/mh/bin
/usr/local/netscape
/usr/local/ode/bin
/usr/local/ode/lib
/usr/local/script
/usr/local/share
/usr/local/tcl/bin
/usr/local/TeX/bin
/usr/local/X11/bin
/usr/mercury/bin
/usr/mercury/bin/solaris-2_5-sparc_elf
/usr/openwin/bin
/usr/osf/bin
/usr/sbin
/usr/ucb
/usr/X11
/usr/X11/bin
/usr/x11r5/bin
/usr/X386/bin
/usr/xpg4/bin
/u/x11r5/bin
/vobs/build/exports/bin
/vobs/build/exports/scripts
/vobs/gdb/kgdb
/vobs/mcos/ccbuild/exports/bin
. #Yes, '.' is a security risk
function pathPreen()
{
if [ -z $ARCH ]
then
echo ARCH envar not set
return 1
fi
RZQPATHRZQ=
for f in $ALL_POSSIBLE_PATH_DIRS
do
f=`eval echo $f`
if [ $f = ARCH_DEPENDENT_LOCAL_BIN ]
then
f=~/local/bin.$ARCH
fi
if [ -d $f/. ]
then
echo INCLUDE $f
RZQPATHRZQ=$RZQPATHRZQ:$f
else
echo EXCLUDE $f
fi
done
export PATH=$RZQPATHRZQ
}
function pathCheck()
{
for f in `echo $PATH | sed -e 's/:/ /g' `
do
echo $f
ll -d $f/.
done
}
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Re: PATH (was total newbie)
On Tue, 16 Apr 2002, Michael Bovee wrote: =Well, the encouraging replies from Derek M., Dan C., and Benjamin S. =have turned my frown upside down! (thanks for tolerating my whiney =tone yesterday) I have long felt that the standard way for people to set their PATH variables (in fact all colon seperated lists which are environment variables) is generally screwed up. How many times have you looked at someone's PATH only to see that there are duplicated entries, or sometimes even have the value doubled or triplied up? The answer is to use envv. (http://www2.syslang.net:8080/envv.tar.gz) envv is the ENVironment Variable editor. I use it in my bash init stuff to put values in my PATH without duplicates. Also, I recommend not setting PATH in .bash_profile. Instead, put it into a seperate .bash_path and source it in from the .bash_profile. That way you can also invoke it from your .bashrc *if* you are not interactive. That way, remote commands won't break. :-) -- -Time flies like the wind. Fruit flies like a banana. Stranger things have - -happened but none stranger than this. Does your driver's license say Organ -Donor?Black holes are where God divided by zero. Listen to me! We are all- -individuals! What if this weren't a hypothetical question? [EMAIL PROTECTED] * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: Linux, Windows(tm), taxes - and privacy. A personal narrative (long)
[EMAIL PROTECTED] said: So far Codeweaver's works great. There are some minor flaws and bugs. http://www.theregus.com/content/4/24653.html is a review of Codeweaver, posted at 10:11 EST (?!?) this morning... b. * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: Linux, Windows(tm), taxes - and privacy. A personal narrative (long)
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii In a message dated: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 11:47:48 EDT Bayard Coolidge USG said: [EMAIL PROTECTED] said: So far Codeweaver's works great. There are some minor flaws and bugs. http://www.theregus.com/content/4/24653.html is a review of Codeweaver, posted at 10:11 EST (?!?) this morning... This pretty much my experience. I bought the Crossover software for 3 reasons: 1. I have to use Outlook for e-mail (until I can figure out how to get Exchange to auto-forward *all* my e-mail elsewhere ! :) 2. I refuse to have MS on my desktop 3. I'm supporting Wine/Free sw development in purchasing it. I have not played with Word or Excel other than to just fire them up. I have not played with PowerPoint at all. I don't understand why *anyone* uses Office Assitant. There is no redeeming value to that piece of software bloat left over from MS BOB! - -- Seeya, Paul -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) Comment: Exmh version 2.2 06/23/2000 (debian 2.2-1) iD8DBQE8vEpauweSOVPxKO4RAgL0AJ4xd6b7/dUDakggSvBn6oGXCnUehQCfU6Ei LzmytaaapmnEyS6Ubi2iENU= =Lq9B -END PGP SIGNATURE- * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: Linux, Windows(tm), taxes, etc.
Thanks to everyone who wrote (and to anyone who actually read the whole thing! :) My article yesterday was a pastiche. My motivation initially had been to talk about how Linux is helpful with online privacy issues - but once I started, I discovered that I had to talk about how good Libranet had been, and how good Debian is, and how it's incrementally satisfying to be running a GNU/Linux shop - how every day seems to bring a pleasant new surprise. (Today it was mouse hot-swapping. Try THAT with Windows(tm)!) All that belonged in my pastiche. What I did not adequately emphasize is the importance of friends in the community. To Ben Scott and Alex Hewitt, who helped me get over what seemed an impenetrable barrier with kernel recompiles; to Jon and Tal at Libranet, for help and encouragement when I seemed unable to notice that XFree86 V4.1.0 was ALREADY INSTALLED by their Libranet kit; to Jon maddog Hall, whose standard of enthusiasm for Linux kept me from giving up; to the amazingly generous folks who created and packaged drivers for miserable winmodems; and to many, many more. I was desperate more than once; my friends (you!) bailed me out. Sometimes I wasn't even desperate yet, but someone's posting provided a magic key for a problem I was yet to encounter. Mentioning only a few names is not to minimize my gratitude to everyone - those whom I can remember, perhaps more so those whom I cannot. I confessed that converting a shop to Linux isn't easy yet. It is possible, however. The generosity of others who love GNU and Linux in sharing their time and expertise was for me, as it will be for others, crucial. Thanks, gals and guys. My turn now, to help the next pioneer. -Bill --- Other specific benefits from the community: the pointer to Galeon 1.2 (thanks, Tal); fluxbox (very lean and cool); sylpheed-claws (solved the get-free-of-Netscape problem); wvdial (accurate design center, indispensable in stabilizing the winmodems); synaptic (that's how I knew there are exactly 1,566 packages installed on the workstations); OpenOffice (I'd heard about it, but a list posting was what motivated giving it a try); CUPS (clean, usable network printer management). In every case someone gave me the initial tip. Final note: it is largely the complement of usable, functional applications which makes a conversion practicable. We appear to have arrived. This stuff is GOOD. Retraining has been surprisingly easy and rewarding. And not least, all of our ongoing applications (except for win4lin) are now Free Software! There will be no looking back. * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
BSD distro for MacOSX?
After checking out the Fink project at sourceforge.net I decided to asked my friend who wrote UltraScan for linux whether it might soon be possible to run his software 'directly' under OSX. (He is planning to make a commercial version for MacOSX users) He replied: I don't think it is quite as easy as this - first, a linux version compiled for an Intel box will most certainly not run on a Mac, even though it is Unix, because of the byte ordering differences between Mac Motorola chips and Intel Pentium chips. Even if you compile Linux on Mac, the resulting binary *may* not be compatible with the *BSD style format used by OSX. So what you would need is a BSD distro for Mac (I don't know of one) and then you have a shot. I heard that Linux binaries will run under BSD, but have never tried that out. Any comments? Anyone know of a BSD distribution of linux for OSX? (Of course I reassured him that I am already indebted for his unwavering support and will certainly buy a copy when available.) --Michael * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: BSD distro for MacOSX?
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii In a message dated: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 13:54:35 EDT michael bovee said: After checking out the Fink project at sourceforge.net I decided to asked my friend who wrote UltraScan for linux whether it might soon be possible to run his software 'directly' under OSX. (He is planning to make a commercial version for MacOSX users) He replied: I don't think it is quite as easy as this - first, a linux version compiled for an Intel box will most certainly not run on a Mac, even though it is Unix, because of the byte ordering differences between Mac Motorola chips and Intel Pentium chips. Even if you compile Linux on Mac, the resulting binary *may* not be compatible with the *BSD style format used by OSX. So what you would need is a BSD distro for Mac (I don't know of one) and then you have a shot. I heard that Linux binaries will run under BSD, but have never tried that out. Any comments? Anyone know of a BSD distribution of linux for OSX? Ahm, I think there's been some confusion in translation here. There is no such thing as a BSD distribution of Linux, and there is no such thing as Linux for OSX. In order for UltraScan to run under Linux or OSX or BSD all you need is: a. the source for UltraScan b. a decent compiler (gcc ought to do) c. a UNIX based OS. So, if UltraScan is compilable under Linux, it should be easily compilable under any of the BSDs and under OSX. That doesn't mean to say you won't have problems compiling it under various platforms, but that the porting of the application itself should be pretty straightforward. If the application was written in such a way as to tie the application to a specific CPU, then you have a few more hurdles involved in porting it between an Intel chipset and something else. If the application in question was portably written in the first place, the compiler should be able to take care of any necessary 'endian' swapping, since that's all done at a much lower level than the C code. It sounds like what your friend was speaking of was just taking the actual Linux binary and attempting to run that directly under OSX. That won't work since the app wasn't compiled for that OS or that hardware architecture. But if you can convince him to recompile for OSX and/or the BSDs, you should be all set. Hope that helps! - -- Seeya, Paul -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) Comment: Exmh version 2.2 06/23/2000 (debian 2.2-1) iD8DBQE8vGu9uweSOVPxKO4RAnaqAJ0XptHjmjB7LKz9vuQEuESDGYWdegCffmod 85nKHVfXQ8iIxPHnhUS3vGY= =8m2o -END PGP SIGNATURE- * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
root PATH, double posts
Hope I'm not getting on any nerves yet with my PATH questions, but anyway my PATH as seen when logged in as root is -- /usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/X11R6/bin seems like I can just leave that alone... Another thing -- I'm getting double posts from a lot of people, including Paul L. Is this something with the list, or do I have something configured wrong here? Thanks --Michael * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: root PATH, double posts
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 On Tue, 16 Apr 2002, michael bovee wrote: Hope I'm not getting on any nerves yet with my PATH questions, but anyway my PATH as seen when logged in as root is -- /usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/X11R6/bin seems like I can just leave that alone... Seems sane enough. Despite what Paul L. has said, every Linux (or other Unix-like) system I've used in the past five or more years has included the sbin directories in root's path. The only change I sometimes make is to add /usr/local/bin and /usr/local/sbin to catch stuff I might have installed from source. Another thing -- I'm getting double posts from a lot of people, including Paul L. Is this something with the list, or do I have something configured wrong here? It's probably due to the fact that some people are sending messages to both the list and your direct address. Unless you have something in your mail setup to eliminate the duplicates, you'll see both copies. A Google search for procmail duplicate message will turn up several procmail based ways of dealing with this. Other Mail Delivery/User Agents have similar solutions, but I'm not familiar with any in particular. - -- -Matt If an experiment works, something has gone wrong. -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) Comment: For info see http://www.gnupg.org iD8DBQE8vHnXc8/WFSz+GKMRAuggAKCp/w5KtbB6jAEnx3F4yDo3iUjpwwCgv2Rr xSqCR6Iz4fNFgSTg8PCTi4c= =Gz/Q -END PGP SIGNATURE- * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: root PATH, double posts
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii In a message dated: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 15:06:42 EDT michael bovee said: Hope I'm not getting on any nerves yet with my PATH questions, but anyway my PATH as seen when logged in as root is -- /usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/X11R6/bin seems like I can just leave that alone... Another thing -- I'm getting double posts from a lot of people, including Paul L. Is this something with the list, or do I have something configured wrong here? No, it's just the way things happen to working. When someone replies and hits Reply All' it replies to both the original sender (whoever's listed in the From: line) and to the original recipient of the e-mail (the list in this case). So you're getting one copy directly, and one from the list. You should only get one copy of this reply, since I removed your direct e-mail from the To: line and replaced it with the list address which was on the Cc: line. - -- Seeya, Paul -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) Comment: Exmh version 2.2 06/23/2000 (debian 2.2-1) iD8DBQE8vHfVuweSOVPxKO4RAsz0AJ95lZl1rfEMDDxX/s+KFjfyGbX1lwCgjRde GgrRIHnWgFa4u/8SqrSk678= =U4R8 -END PGP SIGNATURE- * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: BSD distro for MacOSX?
Recent versions of FreeBSD can run Linux binaries. Darwin is based on BSD 4.4 and FreeBSD (version 3.2?) . Can anybody confirm or deny that OS X can run Linux binaries? I've heard that it can, to some extent (with the usual caveats). Thanks, --kevin -- Kevin D. Clark (CetaceanNetworks.com!kclark) | Cetacean Networks, Inc. | Give me a decent UNIX Portsmouth, N.H. (USA)| and I can move the world alumni.unh.edu!kdc (PGP Key Available)| * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: root PATH, double posts
Having run email listservs for over 10 years (majordomo and mailman), I have never seen a problem where majordomo sends a message twice. Most of the time, the respondent does a reply all. When you have a duplicate, look into the message headers. These will tell you how the message was sent. You can very easily see the message sent by majordomo and the message sent directly. You can also determine to some extent if the two messages are indeed duplicates because each message has its own message id. I one time found a problem where AOL was sending the same message over 40 times (years ago). On 16 Apr 2002 at 15:06, michael bovee wrote: Another thing -- I'm getting double posts from a lot of people, including Paul L. Is this something with the list, or do I have something configured wrong here? -- Jerry Feldman Portfolio Partner Engineering 508-467-4315 http://www.testdrive.compaq.com/linux/ Compaq Computer Corp. 200 Forest Street MRO1-3/F1 Marlboro, Ma. 01752 * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Sparc Linux distro
I've recently become (luckily or unluckily, depending on your view) the recipient of an old Sparc 5 that I would like to set up as a linux server in my home network. What I'm looking for is if anybody has any experience with distros that are *still being maintained* for the sparc architecture? I'd love if it was Debian-ish, but Woody doesn't seem to be available for sparc? In any case, I'll be interested to hear your feed back. Thanks in advance. -- Failure is NOT an option! It comes bundled with Windows(TM). Cole Tuininga Lead Developer Code Energy, Inc [EMAIL PROTECTED] PGP Key ID: 0x43E5755D * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: Sparc Linux distro
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii In a message dated: 16 Apr 2002 15:57:06 EDT Cole Tuininga said: I've recently become (luckily or unluckily, depending on your view) the recipient of an old Sparc 5 that I would like to set up as a linux server in my home network. What I'm looking for is if anybody has any experience with distros that are *still being maintained* for the sparc architecture? I'd love if it was Debian-ish, but Woody doesn't seem to be available for sparc? In any case, I'll be interested to hear your feed back. Thanks in advance. Ayup! Debian still is. Check out cdimage.debian.org and look at the jigdo stuff. It allows you to create ISO images on the fly, and with a fast link, it's pretty quick about it. I've got the Debian Potato images for Sparc on CD. If want, I could bring copies to the Nashua meeting next week. (check out jigdo though, you'll be impressed :) Lemme know! - -- Seeya, Paul -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) Comment: Exmh version 2.2 06/23/2000 (debian 2.2-1) iD8DBQE8vINsuweSOVPxKO4RAk6tAJ4uLL/bJBQw5AE2ciNOQ5VDjbLlngCgnfBF Pb9olqDJJvpYMu5GiJDCBUQ= =EDjf -END PGP SIGNATURE- * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: Sparc Linux distro
I have SuSe 7.3 running on several Sun machines. Which version of the 5 do you have 120 - 170? There was a problem loading Linux on the 170, I used to have to load it on a 120 and move the drives to the 170. Ed On Tuesday 16 April 2002 15:57, you wrote: I've recently become (luckily or unluckily, depending on your view) the recipient of an old Sparc 5 that I would like to set up as a linux server in my home network. What I'm looking for is if anybody has any experience with distros that are *still being maintained* for the sparc architecture? I'd love if it was Debian-ish, but Woody doesn't seem to be available for sparc? In any case, I'll be interested to hear your feed back. Thanks in advance. * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: Sparc Linux distro
I have woody running nicely on an Ultima 1. I think I actually installed potato then did an apt-get dist upgrade. --rdp On 16 Apr 2002, Cole Tuininga wrote: I've recently become (luckily or unluckily, depending on your view) the recipient of an old Sparc 5 that I would like to set up as a linux server in my home network. What I'm looking for is if anybody has any experience with distros that are *still being maintained* for the sparc architecture? I'd love if it was Debian-ish, but Woody doesn't seem to be available for sparc? In any case, I'll be interested to hear your feed back. Thanks in advance. -- Rich Payne http://talisman.mv.com * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: Sparc Linux distro
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii In a message dated: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 16:21:02 EDT Rich Payne said: I have woody running nicely on an Ultima 1. I think I actually installed potato then did an apt-get dist upgrade. That's what I've been doing since I can't seem to get 'sid' ISO images anywhere :( - -- Seeya, Paul -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) Comment: Exmh version 2.2 06/23/2000 (debian 2.2-1) iD8DBQE8vIihuweSOVPxKO4RAlk1AJ4lBijK08UTmTtcNuBcwdy20LvnhgCgj4pP 5wUX0ipZeLbEId8oYb/rwHw= =pNaE -END PGP SIGNATURE- * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: Sparc Linux distro
On Tue, 2002-04-16 at 15:06, Ed Robbins wrote: I have SuSe 7.3 running on several Sun machines. Which version of the 5 do you have 120 - 170? There was a problem loading Linux on the 170, I used to have to load it on a 120 and move the drives to the 170. Honestly, I have no idea. 8) How do I tell? -- Brooks's Law: Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later. Cole Tuininga Lead Developer Code Energy, Inc [EMAIL PROTECTED] PGP Key ID: 0x43E5755D * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: Sparc Linux distro
My sparc-20 is running debian. Works great. I had some trouble last year with pppd and dual CPU's so I pared it down to one CPU. Now that I've got a cable modem maybe I'll try putting it back. Hm... home$ uname -a Linux home 2.2.17 #8 SMP Fri Feb 9 12:54:41 EST 2001 sparc unknown home$ Public web server runing on http://68.64.102.12:81 (at the moment) -Andy Cole Tuininga wrote: I've recently become (luckily or unluckily, depending on your view) the recipient of an old Sparc 5 that I would like to set up as a linux server in my home network. What I'm looking for is if anybody has any experience with distros that are *still being maintained* for the sparc architecture? I'd love if it was Debian-ish, but Woody doesn't seem to be available for sparc? In any case, I'll be interested to hear your feed back. Thanks in advance. * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: BSD distro for MacOSX?
- Original Message - From: Kevin D. Clark [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, April 16, 2002 7:38 PM Subject: Re: BSD distro for MacOSX? Can anybody confirm or deny that OS X can run Linux binaries? I've heard that it can, to some extent (with the usual caveats). Not sure, but I THINK if it is compiled under linux/PPC, it MIGHT run. Having a common processor architecture is key I believe. Rich Cloutier President, C*O SYSTEM SUPPORT SERVICES www.sysupport.com * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: Sparc Linux distro
Sparc 5s came in 70, 85, 110, and 170 MHz. The 170 is called the Turbo and is a bit different. On the back there's a model number. The 85s and 110s all have -85 or -110. I've never seen a 170, but I bet that has it too. The 70s do not have -70. I've been playing with an LX I got off eBay. I ran Debian 2.2r5, Suse 7.3, and am now running NetBSD 1.5.2. All from CDs downloaded off the net. Oh, you don't need a keyboard or monitor to install. You can install using a serial terminal as your console. Make sure the terminal (hyperterm...) doesn't send a break when you turn it off. The service manuals for suns are here: http://docs.sun.com/ab2/coll.208.1/@Ab2CollView?DwebQuery=lxoqt=lxAb2Lang=CAb2Enc=iso-8859-1 A good site for hardware info about the various suns: http://faqaboss.sunhelp.org/ Cole Tuininga said: On Tue, 2002-04-16 at 15:06, Ed Robbins wrote: I have SuSe 7.3 running on several Sun machines. Which version of the 5 do you have 120 - 170? There was a problem loading Linux on the 170, I used to have to load it on a 120 and move the drives to the 170. Honestly, I have no idea. 8) How do I tell? -- Brooks's Law: Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later. Cole Tuininga Lead Developer Code Energy, Inc [EMAIL PROTECTED] PGP Key ID: 0x43E5755D * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. * -- --- Tom Buskey * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: Sparc Linux distro
At some point hitherto, Rich Payne hath spake thusly: I have woody running nicely on an Ultima 1 Great game! Though I liked Ultima III better, and Ultima Online really rocked, until I started to resent the $10/mo. charge for playing. -- Derek Martin [EMAIL PROTECTED] - I prefer mail encrypted with PGP/GPG! GnuPG Key ID: 0x81CFE75D Retrieve my public key at http://pgp.mit.edu Learn more about it at http://www.gnupg.org * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Fight list header cancer (was: root PATH, double posts)
On Tue, 16 Apr 2002, at 3:13pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: No, it's just the way things happen to working. When someone replies and hits Reply All' it replies to both the original sender (whoever's listed in the From: line) and to the original recipient of the e-mail (the list in this case). Which means you are sending it to them twice. Any mailing list includes all of its members, by definition; sending to all is redundant. Do your part to fight List Header Cancer, and edit your headers before sending. This has been a public service message from the Listmaster General. -- Ben Scott [EMAIL PROTECTED] | The opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not | | necessarily represent the views or policy of any other person, entity or | | organization. All information is provided without warranty of any kind. | * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: Fight list header cancer (was: root PATH, double posts)
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 At some point hitherto, Benjamin Scott hath spake thusly: Which means you are sending it to them twice. Any mailing list includes all of its members, by definition; sending to all is redundant. Do your part to fight List Header Cancer, and edit your headers before sending. Or, for the very lazy (like me), use an e-mail client that allows you to identify mailing lists, and Reply-to-List instead of to All. Mutt is such a client. - -- Derek Martin [EMAIL PROTECTED] - - I prefer mail encrypted with PGP/GPG! GnuPG Key ID: 0x81CFE75D Retrieve my public key at http://pgp.mit.edu Learn more about it at http://www.gnupg.org -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) Comment: For info see http://www.gnupg.org iD8DBQE8vNaudjdlQoHP510RAuKkAJ41CjYLz23yXnlQuJSg0lDnZIS1/ACcCi3r HKFTHYhJs69sKXnYMV69w+s= =DaK3 -END PGP SIGNATURE- * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: Ghostscript and HP Inkjet printers
Dan Coutu wrote: In the never-ending quest to tweak things so that they work just a little bit better I've managed to enhance Ghostscript so much that I can't print anymore. :-( Progress, but it ain't soup yet. Thought I'd update folks on what I've learned so far in case someone else can benefit from it before I get the real answer. I'm trying to fix this the right way instead of just hack it to death. So what I've got so far is this set of relations between things. RH 7.2 uses foomatic, ghostscript, hpijs, and possibly other things such as lpdomatic, and various queueing mechanisms with melodic names like lpd, lprng, GNUlpr, cups, ppr, and pdq. While ghostscript is central to being able to handle the PostScript stuff the other pieces are also quite definitely required. I had thought that just updating hpijs and then ghostscript would be enough to get better printing. Wrong! You have to also update foomatic. (Man it sure would help if RH already RPMed all this stuff, but n.) That's where I'm at now. It took forever and two days to get a successful download of the foomatic tarball. The remote system kept disconnecting me before the file fully downloaded! Note for people having trouble doing http downloads (such as when an ftp server is not available, which was the case for this one) try the wonderfully useful wget utility! It automatically detected the disconnects, reconnected, skipped the already downloaded bits, and requested the file from the point of last disconnect. It automatically did this for me the required 20+ times that were needed to download this 526K file. I was s thankful to find that gem! Anyway, now I'm having trouble building foomatic because it says it can't find my libxml library even though it is in plain sight and paths are setup right. I may have to ping the foomatic guy about this one... More later. I'll document the process that worked for me once I get it. -- Dan Coutu Managing Director Snowy Owl Internet Consulting, LLC Mobile: 603-759-3885 Fax: 603-673-6676 * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: PATH (was total newbie)
On Tue, 16 Apr 2002, at 9:54am, Bayard Coolidge USG wrote: Dan Coutu mentioned that /sbin is Standalone BINary. I've almost always seen it expanded as system binary, but if you're building a system, I suppose you can say it stands for whatever you want. I once had a guy at UNH tell me it stood for static binary, since all the binaries in /sbin were statically linked under OSF/1 (and Digital UNIX, and, I suspect, Tru64 Unix). And who knows, for OSF/1, that may be right. But not for your average Linux, where darn near everything is dynamically linked. The difference between /bin and /usr/bin is, I believe, that /bin is inhabited by system-level binaries, whereas /usr/bin are primarily commands that ordinary users would run. No, regular users make use of /bin often enough (ls, sh, cp, and mv all live there, for example). The most common explanation I have heard for /bin vs /usr/bin is that /bin includes everything needed to get the system running to the point where it can repair and mount the /usr filesystem. -- Ben Scott [EMAIL PROTECTED] | The opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not | | necessarily represent the views or policy of any other person, entity or | | organization. All information is provided without warranty of any kind. | * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: BSD distro for MacOSX?
On Tue, 16 Apr 2002, at 1:54pm, michael bovee wrote: Any comments? Anyone know of a BSD distribution of linux for OSX? Okay, we're confused. Here are some definitions. (List: Corrections are welcomed.) Operating system: The set of software which gives you a base environment, on top of which other programs are built. The line between base and other is very indistinct. Kernel: The part of the operating system responsible for low-level interface to the hardware, and tasks such as memory management and process scheduling. Unix: An operating system developed at Bell Labs. Bought, sold, and given away so many times, nobody can remember who owns it anymore. System V: System Five. A release of Unix from ATT that became one of the two major standards for Unix-like designs. BSD: Berkeley System Distribution. A partial re-implementation of Unix, developed at the University of California at Berkeley (UCB). Borrowed some code from ATT Unix, resulting in a long legal battle that came close to killing BSD at once point. BSD became the other major standard for Unix-like designs. POSIX: An attempt to turn all the Unix-like designs into a vendor-neutral standard. Not entirely unsuccessful. *BSD: The original BSD project forked into several new projects, including OpenBSD, NetBSD, and FreeBSD. Since they all share a common code base, they tend to have similar features and bugs, and thus are all lumped together with the designation *BSD. Linux: 1. A Unix-like kernel, created by Linus Torvalds. 2. Any operating system (distribution) based on the Linux kernel. MacOS X: The supposed tenth release of Macintosh System; in reality, the first release of a completely new OS. Darwin: MacOS X is based on a BSDish Unix core, with additional layers for the graphical user interface, applications, and the like. The Unix core is called Darwin. i386: A semi-standard for a computer hardware platform. Roughly, any computer which is (1) compatible with the IBM-PC/AT design, and (2) based on a microprocessor compatible with Intel's 80386. Any computer running Microsoft Windows 95, 98, ME, 2000, or XP is an i386. Most Linux systems are i386 systems. Sometimes simply called Intel. PPC: PowerPC. A microprocessor made by Motorola. Used in Apple Macintosh computers for the past several years. After checking out the Fink project at sourceforge.net I decided to asked my friend who wrote UltraScan for linux whether it might soon be possible to run his software 'directly' under OSX. Well, that depends on your definition of directly, but I suspect the answer will be no. A pre-built binary for UltraScan is likely to be an i386 binary. That has no hope of running on a Macintosh, which uses a completely different hardware design. If you have the source code for UltraScan, you might be able to get it to build under MacOS X, which is basically a BSD Unix wearing a fancy disguise. However, there are some fundamental differences between the PowerPC architecture and the i386 architecture. If UltraScan depends on certain things (like how numbers are stored in the computer's memory), it will likely need major surgery to get it working. -- Ben Scott [EMAIL PROTECTED] | The opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not | | necessarily represent the views or policy of any other person, entity or | | organization. All information is provided without warranty of any kind. | * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Re: BSD distro for MacOSX?
On Tue, 16 Apr 2002, at 2:21pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: In order for UltraScan to run under Linux or OSX or BSD all you need is: a. the source for UltraScan b. a decent compiler (gcc ought to do) c. a UNIX based OS. That is rather an over-simplification. I have no idea what UltraScan is, but if it requires something that is only available for Linux (like a particular system call), it will not run anywhere else. Dependencies on various libraries and such could make things difficult (albeit not impossible) on non-Linux systems. UltraScan may contain assumptions about the hardware it will run on. That is not unlikely; I would say the majority of non-trivial C programs in existence make such assumptions [1]. Byte-ordering and pointer-size are just the most popular ones. On the other end of the spectrum, if UltraScan is sufficiently vanilla, it might even run on non-Unix systems. Microsoft Windows NT/2000, Digital's VMS, and IBM's OS/390 all have POSIX subsystems, for example. If the application in question was portably written in the first place, the compiler should be able to take care of any necessary 'endian' swapping, since that's all done at a much lower level than the C code. Ha. Ha. Ha. :-) Footnotes - [1] Note that 47% of all statistics are made up on the spot. -- Ben Scott [EMAIL PROTECTED] | The opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not | | necessarily represent the views or policy of any other person, entity or | | organization. All information is provided without warranty of any kind. | * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Red Hat root PATH (was: PATH (was total newbie))
On Tue, 16 Apr 2002, at 10:00am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Well, that's not surprising in the least. I'm going to take a wild guess that this is a RedHat system? They seem to have a knack for not including /sbin in anyone's path, including 'root'! Huh? I'm not an old time Unix hack by any means, but I have been playing around with Red Hat Linux since version 2.1 (still have the CD, if anyone wants a copy), and I have never logged in to a Red Hat box that did not have /sbin in root's path. They do not include it in a regular user's path, true, but root gets it. Are you sure you're not thinking of /usr/local/sbin or something? -- Ben Scott [EMAIL PROTECTED] | The opinions expressed in this message are those of the author and do not | | necessarily represent the views or policy of any other person, entity or | | organization. All information is provided without warranty of any kind. | * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
Online unix system admin course documentation
I have been studying this for the past few days after I discovered it on the web: http://www.uwsg.iu.edu/edcert/index_long.html It seems to be a very good basic intro to UNIX/Unix/Linux/*BSD and just about any other Ken-Thompson-derived OS out there. Of course you can't take the course on line, as in get credit or certification, but all the course material is there. It seems to be pretty good for newbies like myself who have been toying with Linux for years, but never really went through all the in-depth underpinnings of the OS. My apologies if this is common knowledge to everyone but me. Rich Cloutier President, C*O SYSTEM SUPPORT SERVICES www.sysupport.com * To unsubscribe from this list, send mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the text 'unsubscribe gnhlug' in the message body. *
