Re: composeList
See comments below. On Sun, May 12, 2002, David Feuer wrote: > On Sun, May 12, 2002, Emre Tezel wrote: > > Hi all, > > > > I recently bought Simon Thompson's Haskell book. I have been doing the > > exercises while I read on. There are couple questions that I can not > > solve. Any help would be greatly appreciated. > > > > I got stuck on this question in Chapter 10. > > > > Define a function composeList which composes a list of functions into a > > single function. What is the type of composeList? > > > > I naively tried the following but the hugs compiler complained about the > > inferred type not being generic enough. > > > > composeList :: [(a -> b)] -> (c -> b) > > composeList [] = id > > composeList (x:xs) = x . (composeList xs) > You can do a lot better in Glasgow Haskell: > > data Fun a b = forall c . Comp (c -> b) (Fun a c) | End (a -> b) > > compose :: Fun a b -> a -> b --GHC needs this type signature >--to compile the program, but >--I don't understand why. >--Any tips? > compose (End f) = f > compose (Comp f l) = f . compose l Well, I figured out why the type signature is necessary (polymorphic recursion), but I don't understand the error message I got from GHC: cc.hs:5: Inferred type is less polymorphic than expected Quantified type variable `c' escapes When checking a pattern that binds f :: c -> b l :: Fun a c In the definition of `compose': compose (Comp f l) = f . (compose l) What makes it think that `c' escapes? This message had me staring at the code the wrong way for quite a while before I decided to add a type signature and see if that gave me any more useful information. > > f::Int -> Float > f x = fromIntegral x > > g::String -> Int > g = read > > h::Int -> String > h x = take x "123456789" > > main = do >putStrLn "hello!" >print $ compose (End (\x -> "Foo!")) 3 >print $ compose (Comp f (Comp g (End h))) 4 -- Night. An owl flies o'er rooftops. The moon sheds its soft light upon the trees. David Feuer ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: composeList
On Sun, May 12, 2002, Emre Tezel wrote: > Hi all, > > I recently bought Simon Thompson's Haskell book. I have been doing the > exercises while I read on. There are couple questions that I can not > solve. Any help would be greatly appreciated. > > I got stuck on this question in Chapter 10. > > Define a function composeList which composes a list of functions into a > single function. What is the type of composeList? > > I naively tried the following but the hugs compiler complained about the > inferred type not being generic enough. > > composeList :: [(a -> b)] -> (c -> b) > composeList [] = id > composeList (x:xs) = x . (composeList xs) The type signature is wrong. It indicates that for any a,b,c, and d, composeList takes a list of (a->b) and produces a (c->b). So for example, that would mean that if I gave it [(+3), (*4), (-5)] it would be able to produce something of type (Maybe String -> Int). This is of course totally wrong. You're going to have to restrict it some more . The first thing to note is that a=c: if you give it a list of functions that take Floats, it's going to give back a function that takes a float. So that restricts it to [a -> b] -> (a -> b). Now look at the function itself: composeList (x:xs) = x . (composeList xs) Now in order for f . g to make any sense, f must take values of the type that g returns! So if x has type p -> q, (composeList xs) must have type r -> p. But since x is in xs, xs must have type [p -> q], so (composeList xs) has type p -> q. So r -> p = p -> q. This implies immediately that p = q = r. So the type of composeList is restricted all the way down to [a -> a] -> (a -> a). This can also be written [a -> a] -> a -> a. This may seem disappointing, but it is made necessary by the type safety of Haskell, which requires that all the elements of a list have the same type. You can do a lot better in Glasgow Haskell: data Fun a b = forall c . Comp (c -> b) (Fun a c) | End (a -> b) compose :: Fun a b -> a -> b --GHC needs this type signature --to compile the program, but --I don't understand why. --Any tips? compose (End f) = f compose (Comp f l) = f . compose l f::Int -> Float f x = fromIntegral x g::String -> Int g = read h::Int -> String h x = take x "123456789" main = do putStrLn "hello!" print $ compose (End (\x -> "Foo!")) 3 print $ compose (Comp f (Comp g (End h))) 4 -- Night. An owl flies o'er rooftops. The moon sheds its soft light upon the trees. David Feuer ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
composeList
Hi all, I recently bought Simon Thompson's Haskell book. I have been doing the exercises while I read on. There are couple questions that I can not solve. Any help would be greatly appreciated. I got stuck on this question in Chapter 10. Define a function composeList which composes a list of functions into a single function. What is the type of composeList? I naively tried the following but the hugs compiler complained about the inferred type not being generic enough. composeList :: [(a -> b)] -> (c -> b) composeList [] = id composeList (x:xs) = x . (composeList xs) or composeList :: [(a -> b)] -> (c -> b) composeList (x:xs) = x . (composeList xs) ERROR "Chapter10.hs":6 - Inferred type is not general enough *** Expression: composeList *** Expected type : [a -> b] -> c -> b *** Inferred type : [a -> a] -> b -> a Anybody can solve this? Emre ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
Re: waiting for your reply
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Re: preprocessing printf/regex strings (like ocaml)
> I'm interested to know why a string translating preprocessor doesn't > exist for haskell. It seems to me that it would alleviate printf and > regex like problems in an convenient, elegant and type-safe manner. > > An example of this I came across recently was the ocaml printf > statement: > > # Printf.printf "roar";; > roar- : unit = () > > # Printf.printf "numbers %d %d" 11 23;; > numbers 11 23- : unit = () > > # Printf.printf "a number %d" "word";; > This expression has type string but is here used with type int > > > You can see logically how this might work in haskell, compile time > evaluation would translate the string into the appropriate native > expressions before the statements type is evaluated. Incidentally, I've written a small functional pearl about implementing printf in Haskell, see http://www.informatik.uni-bonn.de/~ralf/publications.html#J11 Cheers, Ralf ___ Haskell-Cafe mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
