Re: [meteorite-list] Re: Crackpot Theory Redux
Hi, Göran, Axel, List! Right you are, Göran. I screwed up the calculation. It was too late for me too :-} It's probably always too late for me... The surface area of the Earth is 500,000,000 square KILOMETERS, not square meters, and half is 2.5 x 10^14 m^2! You're using the cross-sectional area, which is more reasonable. We don't even need to consider the total for the Earth at all, really. We're interested in the energy per unit area. The rain of iron particles might not impact the whole Earth. (1 kg x (4 x10^5)^2)/2 = 8 x 10^10 joules for each square meter. The thermophysical calorie is about 4 - 1/8 joule, so the 1,941,340,000 calories is the same value as the 8 x 10^10 joules. Yes, the solar flux figure is per second. or 1400 W/m^2 per second. So, the 8 x 10^10 joules is equal to 57,142,857 times the Sun's flux! Man, that's hot! Of course that's for 1 kilogram of iron (entering at 400,000 meters per second) per m^2 per second. For 1 gram per m^2 per second, it would be 57,143 times the solar flux. For 1 milligram, it would be 57 times the Sun's flux IF that mass were evenly distributed over the square meter. A Type Ia supernova ejects about one solar mass of iron into the interstellar medium over a roughly 100 day period That would be 2 × 10^33 grams of iron from a surface of 1.2 x 10^13 m^2. That's a density of 1.7 x 10^20 g per m^2 expelled over 10^7 seconds, or 1.7 x 10^13 g per m^2 per second expelled at 10^7 m/sec, or a per second density of 1.7 x 10^6 g per m^2. At an expanded 10 light year radius out from the star, that density is reduced to about 60 milligrams per square meter per second in-fall flux of iron particles. At 100 light years out, the flux is 6 milligrams per square meter per second. That is still enough to produce 320 times the solar flux on impact with the atmosphere at 400 km/second. But at 40 km/sec, it's only 3.2 times the solar flux. HOWEVER (and that's a big however), I don't believe that the iron particles would be moving at these velocities. While they are expelled at very high speeds, nobody repealed the law of gravity. As an escaping particle leaves a large body at high speed, the gravity of that body continually reduces its velocity as it travels away. The escape velocity of such a heavy star is several thousand km per second. (The Sun's escape velocity is 617,000 m/sec!) Moreover, the iron grains' interaction with the gas that envelopes it will further slow its velocity. Interstellar dust clouds have velocities of 10's of km/sec, not hundreds. I don't know, and I'm not sure anybody knows the actual velocities of iron grains expelled from a supernova. They have never been observed in motion, fast or slow. All we know about them is that they exist. So all of this is problematic. We are at a primitive stage in our under- standing of the post-implosion dynamics of a supernova. However, I have to hand it to you, Axel. Your intuition was correct. The impact of even small amounts of matter at high speeds into the upper atmosphere seems to be capable of producing a Big Flash, always assuming I didn't screw up the math again... The real question is, are there such high-speed particles in the real world? I also ran across this reference to atmospheric impact generated heat: http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/SIC/impact_cratering/Enviropages/wildfiresweb.html Speaking of the Chicxulub impact: Jay Melosh at the University of Arizona and several of his colleagues realized that the post-impact fires were produced when impact ejecta superheated the atmosphere. Some of the debris ejected from the Chicxulub crater rose above the Earth's atmosphere before it rained back down to Earth. The particles of material in the ejecta plume, just like falling meteors, heated the atmosphere. There was so much debris falling through the atmosphere at the same time, that it heated the atmosphere to far higher temperatures than individual meteors . A large fraction of this heat was radiated to the ground, raising surface temperatures to several hundreds of degrees and causing vegetation to burst into flames. And this: New model calculations of these processes by David Kring (Univ. Arizona) and Daniel D. Durda (Southwest Research Institute) show how the fires were ignited, initially around the impact site and, soon afterwards, at a spot on the opposite side of the Earth where a concentrated stream of debris rained back down on Earth. These debris would not be high-speed impacts, like the iron grains are supposed to be, but sub-orbital re-entries of massive amounts of material. But small quantities of much faster material could produce the same result. Perhaps only a tiny fraction of the iron grains achieve high velocity in the initial explosion of the supernova and the rest are expelled at lesser velocities. The truth is we just don't know. A lengthy Google search demonstrates that no one has
[meteorite-list] Kevin Kichinka's Book - Review by D. Tytell in ST
The Art of Collecting Meteorites (Kevin Kichinka, Book- masters, 2005, 232 pp., $21.95, paper; available at: www.theartofcollectingmeteorites.com). Whenever I attend a major star party, after I visit the eyepiece and telescope vendors, I always wander over to the meteorite dealers. Although my spacerock stockpile is small, I treasure my meteorites and wonder about their histories whenever I hold them in my hands. My love for my rocks might be why I switched majors in college from astronomy to planetary science. When the time comes for me to expand my collection, I'll pick up The Art of Collecting Meteorites. Kevin Kichinka's self-published title is comprehensive to a fault and covers all the bases that newbie and even moderately experienced collectors need to know. Chapters include tips on identifying and finding meteorites in the field, helpful hints on ways to purchase and preserve space rocks, amusing anecdotes about collectors, and passages aimed at debunking meteorite myths. His book also contains short essays from some of the world's leading meteorite experts. Unfortunately, Kichinka assumes that his readers know far more about the mineralogy of meteors than most probably do. A little more handholding would have been appropriate, given that the book's purpose is to get people interested in the hobby. But there's enough good stuff in here to make up for the occasional rambling passage and jargon-filled description. (Review by DAVID TYTELL in Sky Tel., Dec. 2005, p. 404, Books and Beyond) __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Photos and history of 3 SNC needed
Hello I need the history and photos of the 3 martian meteorites Shergotty, Nakhla and Chassigny for a my article in a italian astronomy review. Please, contact me in private. Matteo M come Meteorite - Matteo Chinellato Via Triestina 126/A - 30030 - TESSERA, VENEZIA, ITALY Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sale Site: http://www.mcomemeteorite.it Collection Site: http://www.mcomemeteorite.info MSN Messanger: spacerocks at hotmail.com EBAY.COM:http://members.ebay.com/aboutme/mcomemeteorite/ ___ Yahoo! Messenger: chiamate gratuite in tutto il mondo http://it.messenger.yahoo.com __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] La fiera di Monaco
Salve a tutti, ieri sera sono tornato dalla fiera di Monaco. Sono partito venerdì pomeriggio e sono arrivato giusto in tempo per il Meteorite Party del venerdì sera tenutosi in un tradizionale locale Bavarese nel centro di un piccolo villaggio a circa 1km dalla fiera. Durante la cena per il tavolo sono passate mooolte meteoriti, ovviamente la quantità di birra era assai maggiore. Vedevo soldi muoversi in direzione opposta alle meteoriti, quando avevo perso la speranza di acquistare qualcosa mi è stata proposta della Kilabo ad un prezzo interessante http://www.meteoritearticles.com/colkilabo.html Ho passato tutto il sabato girovagando per i vari tavoli e facendo qualche acquisto interessante. Domenica mi ha raggiunto Mauro I. Devo però ammettere che non c'era assolutamente l'imbarazzo della scelta. Non c'erano grosse ed invitanti novità, i tavoli esponevano le solite cose. Rimane pur sempre una visita interessante, giusto per conoscere gli alti esponenti della meteorite comunity e per fare qualche acquisto. Nella foto allegata da Eltri vedete lo stand di Dean Bessey con circa 1000Kg di meteoriti, di questi solo una cinquantina di chili meritavano di essere presi in considerazione. Sui tavoli dei marocchini c'erano le solite condriti ordinarie di pessima qualità ma sotto i tavoli si potevano trovare delle cosucce interessanti. Sul tavolo dei Karl si potevano trovare 7nuove rare meteoriti ferrose australiane. Potete vederle nelle fotografie di Marmet. Non saprei proprio che altro dirvi... Se avete delle domande non esitate. Ciao Francesco Moser http://web.tiscali.it/francesco.moser/ IMCA #1510 www.imca.cc There's just one kind of man that you can trust, that's a dead man, or an IMCA like me. __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Got another Twin
Hi all, maybe some of you are aware of Austria's beautiful oriented Prambachkirchen meteorite. I found a small twin-brother in Munich. I could not believe my eyes when I saw it ! It's weight is about 10% of the Prambachkirchen. Here's a pic of the original Prambachkirchen meteorite: www.austromet.com/collection/Prambachkirchen.jpg and here's the twin www.austromet.com/collection/NWA_Anger_300_214g.jpg For those who wants to know more about the Prambachkirchen meteorite have a look at http://www.austromet.com/index2.html click for meteorite pictures, select AUSTRIA's MOST BEAUTIFUL METEORITE Also some of you may remember the first twins I ? Here's a reminder-picture http://www.austromet.com/collection/Sau001_Twins.jpg Cheers, Christian IMCA #2673 www.austromet.com Christian Anger Korngasse 6 2405 Bad Deutsch-Altenburg AUSTRIA email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] La fiera di Monaco
Sorry ;-) I want to post this to the Italian ML, but I have typed a wrong address. Ciao Francesco Moser http://web.tiscali.it/francesco.moser/ IMCA #1510 www.imca.cc There's just one kind of man that you can trust, that's a dead man, or an IMCA like me. - Original Message - From: Moser Francesco [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: ZZ ML Meteorite-List meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com Sent: Monday, October 31, 2005 12:42 PM Subject: [meteorite-list] La fiera di Monaco Salve a tutti, ieri sera sono tornato dalla fiera di Monaco. Sono partito venerdì pomeriggio e sono arrivato giusto in tempo per il Meteorite Party del venerdì sera tenutosi in un tradizionale locale Bavarese nel centro di un piccolo villaggio a circa 1km dalla fiera. Durante la cena per il tavolo sono passate mooolte meteoriti, ovviamente la quantità di birra era assai maggiore. Vedevo soldi muoversi in direzione opposta alle meteoriti, quando avevo perso la speranza di acquistare qualcosa mi è stata proposta della Kilabo ad un prezzo interessante http://www.meteoritearticles.com/colkilabo.html Ho passato tutto il sabato girovagando per i vari tavoli e facendo qualche acquisto interessante. Domenica mi ha raggiunto Mauro I. Devo però ammettere che non c'era assolutamente l'imbarazzo della scelta. Non c'erano grosse ed invitanti novità, i tavoli esponevano le solite cose. Rimane pur sempre una visita interessante, giusto per conoscere gli alti esponenti della meteorite comunity e per fare qualche acquisto. Nella foto allegata da Eltri vedete lo stand di Dean Bessey con circa 1000Kg di meteoriti, di questi solo una cinquantina di chili meritavano di essere presi in considerazione. Sui tavoli dei marocchini c'erano le solite condriti ordinarie di pessima qualità ma sotto i tavoli si potevano trovare delle cosucce interessanti. Sul tavolo dei Karl si potevano trovare 7nuove rare meteoriti ferrose australiane. Potete vederle nelle fotografie di Marmet. Non saprei proprio che altro dirvi... Se avete delle domande non esitate. Ciao Francesco Moser http://web.tiscali.it/francesco.moser/ IMCA #1510 www.imca.cc There's just one kind of man that you can trust, that's a dead man, or an IMCA like me. __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Star Jelly
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Jelly __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Re: More Work on the Crackpot Theory
It is true that there is a lot of interesting stuff on the Internet. However, if a person goes back to the primary literature, they often find that some of this material, as interesting as it might be, is based a odd collection of misinformation, urban legends, and outright fiction. Where documented facts are cited, too often they have been very badly garbled by the author of the web page citing them or they have been edited as to specifically omit the evidence that conflicts with whatever pet theory is being discussed. Thus, a person has to carefully to evaluate what is being said on any one particular web page. In one example, Sterling K. Webb wrote: However, radiocarbon dates from frozen mammoth carcasses cluster in two groups: one around 30,000 to 35,000 years ago and another about 11,000 to 13,000 years ago. Fairly coincidental. The more recent ones are New World mammoths; the older group are Siberian mammoths. One problem with this is that there exists a substantial amount of evidence, which refutes any connection between these mammoth mummies and a single catastrophic event. Unfortunately, various web authors automatically presume that these mummified mammoths are clear evidence of a catastrophe without understanding that their formation is perfectly explainable by conventional processes. Another problem is that the clustering of mummified mammoths about 30,000 to 35,000 years ago and 11,000 to 13,000 years ago is non-existent as can be seen in the dates listed Woolly Mammoths Remains: Catastrophic Origins? By Sue Bishop at: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/mammoths.html Looking at it, it is quite clear that the dates on mummified mammoths are spread over a range of radiocarbon dates starting from greater than 50,000 BP to 32,000 - 34,000 BP. Of these dates, the only mammoth, which lies in this so-called 30,000 to 35,000 BP cluster, is a clump of mammoth hair from Alaska. The other mummified mammoths in the older group predate this older cluster. There is also a mummified bison that dates to 31,000 BP. However, two data points fail to constitute a cluster. There is a group of dates consisting of mummified mammoths, which fall in the 11,000 to 13,000 BP range. If a person includes a mummified mammoth from Fairbanks and one from Yuribe, Siberia, a person can argue that the cluster actually ranges from 9,700 to 15,400 BP. If dates from a mummified musk ox is included the range can be extended to 17,000 BP. Such a range would it make it impossible for the mummified mammoths and other mammals to have been associated with Firestone's catastrophe since there is a mammoth mummy,which fromed 2,400 years before this event is alleged to have happened and they continued to form long after it was over. In fact, an 8,000 year-old mummified reindeer is known from the permafrost of the Fairbanks region. This extends the period during which mummified mammals were formed into the Holocene Stage and well past the time of Firestone's proposed catastrophe. Two recently found Siberian mammoth mummies, the Jarkov Mammoth and the Fishhook Mammoth both fall well outside of either the 30,000 to 35,000 BP cluster and the 11,000 to 13,000 BP cluster. They are the Fishhook Mammoth, which dated at 20,620 BP and the Jarkov Mammoth, which dated at 20,380 BP. Neither of these dates lend any support to the existence of either cluster. They do show that the formation of mammoth mummies occurred at times outside of either alleged cluster and there is a lack of any relationship of the mammoth mummies to any known radiocarbon anomalies. Sterling K. Webb also wrote: The extinction at 11,000 to 13,000 years ago is not called a mass extinction, but it involved the loss of more than 200 species, mostly megafauna (large mammals -- 75% were heavier than 44 kilos). Because of that, it is widely suspected that Man The Hunter was the extincting agent! This claim is an old misstatement of the facts, which has been endlessly recycled on various catastrophist web sites despite having been long known to be quite false. It is true that more than many genera of mostly megafauna have become extinct during the Pleistocene. However, it is quiet false to say that all of them became extinct between 11,000 to 13,000 BP. It is now well established that the extinction of these genera occurred at very different times during different extinction events on different continents as documented in a number of published papers including: Anthony D. Barnosky, Paul L. Koch, Robert S. Feranec, Scott L. Wing, and Alan B. Shabel, 2004, Science.. vol. 306, no. 5693, pp. 70-75 , 1 October 2004. By carefully analyzing available radiocarbon and other dates, they found that four genera of megafauna became extinct in Europe between 20,000 to 50,000 years and four more became extinct between 10,000 and 14,000 years ago. It was after 10,000 years ago that mammoth and Irish Elk became extinct in Siberia.
Re: [meteorite-list] Re: Fukang
Hi Michael. Yes, what you said was that: It [Fukang] was being offered at less than 10Euros a gram in large chunks, I saw pieces from 100 grams to 2 kilos. I believe the operative phrase here is 'LARGE chunks', not beautiful, 10-20g translucent part slices, but LARGE chunks. 2000g x 10 Euro/gram = ~$24,000.00 That is pretty much the wholesale price for that quantity of Esquel, isn't it? I'm betting that there is currently more Esquel available for the market than Fukang, and most collectors already have Esquel. Almost no one has any Fukang and there are very few places that one could purchase it if they wanted to. We can each make up our own minds as for what that means for the market, but if you think the market is going to be flooded with Fukang, then by all means wait. Cheers -John --- Michael Farmer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I thought I made it clear that it was being offered here at less than 10 euros per gram, if you have some esquel for that price, chunks, slices, or endcuts, you let me know, I will buy, but thus Fukang pallasite, while gorgeous, if fukang huge, and with 900 kilos, or 300 kilos, the market cant hold up a high fukang price. Bob Haag and I were discussing it over many beers at the Hofbrauhaus saturday night, and we both know what is going to happen. High price on market, low sales, then panic and offers very cheap. It has happened to many times before. Mike Farmer -- John Birdsell [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi Rob...My personal opinion is that Fukang will not be selling for any less that it has been selling for, and my bet is that, if anything it will be selling for more. When you say Mike saw a whole bunch in Munich, I'm assuming it was less than or equal to 7.7 kilos of mostly end-pieces. In any case, it is pretty clear to me that the majority of the Fukang pallasite will not be hitting the market, and considering that it is the only best looking pallasite out there, I don't think that any of the very few people that have any will be in any big hurry to sell it for less than say...Esquel. If anything my prediction would be that it will be priced well above Esquel. Cheers -John --- Rob Wesel [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: So, to sum up: There isn't a whole lot of fukang meteorite to go round so don't expect the fukang price to go down. If you're looking for a fukang deal you may not a get a fukang specimen. But then Mike saw a whole bunch of fukang meteorites in Munich so the whole fukang market is in question. Rob Wesel http://www.nakhladogmeteorites.com -- We are the music makers... and we are the dreamers of the dreams. Willy Wonka, 1971 Arizona Skies Meteorites __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list Arizona Skies Meteorites __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Re: More Work on the Crackpot Theory
Looking at it, it is quite clear that the dates on mummified mammoths are spread over a range of radiocarbon dates starting from greater than 50,000 BP to 32,000 - 34,000 BP. Also, 30,000 BP is exactly the region where the 14C method starts to get insecure and easily falters. Very small amounts of contamination already leads to large errors, and the error on any 14C age determination is large for this period anyways. The preservation of frozen mummies relies on a very specific sedimentation regime (see Guthrie's book about Blue babe), which produces a bias on where and when mummies of this kind are preserved in the permafrost or not. About the Human Hunting Overkill hypothesis: This claim is an old misstatement of the facts, which has been endlessly recycled on various catastrophist web sites despite having been long known to be quite false. It is true that more than many genera of mostly megafauna have become extinct during the Pleistocene. However, it is quiet false to say that all of them became extinct between 11,000 to 13,000 BP. Also, the claim that conventional scientists, as a rule, regard humans as the sole cause of these Pleistocene extinctions is simply not true. In fact, there now exists a wide divergence of opinion and a lack of any real consensus as to what, if any role, humans played in any the several extinction events, which occurred during the Pleistocene Epoch. I agree. The Overkill hypothesis is pushed for a long time now by people like Martin etc. and gets much attention in the press, but it is certainly not accepted by every scholar in this area. - Marco - Dr Marco Langbroek - Pleistocene Archaeologist e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] website: http://home.wanadoo.nl/marco.langbroek - __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] [AD] Ebay Treats + Halloween
Dear Listees: Greetings all, and happy Halloween on this day when the veil between the real world and spirit world is at its narrowest, as one of my kooky crystal friends likes to say : ) Happy birthday to Monroe, North Carolina, the Halloween Meteorite, 156 years old today and it doesn't look a day over 120. I wonder if the residents of Monroe, N.C. thought the impact was some kind of Halloween prank? Anyway, Tucson is big on parades and weird holidays, so we'll have some fun tonight. Thanks to all who posted photos and reports of the Munich show. Looks like a great time. I will have to make it out there one year. In other news: I have two meteorites and one impact glass specimen from my collection on Ebay, which I would like to share with you. (1) Here's something you don't see every day, a fully-oriented new Campo del Cielo, 1,307 grams, dome-shaped and covered in regmaglypts. Currently at about a penny a gram! http://makeashorterlink.com/?S6061231C Additional photos: http://www.aerolite.org/campo-1307.htm (2) Here's something you *really* don't see every day, an oriented Sikhote-Alin with, not one, but TWO impact pits! What are the odds of it getting hit twice? http://makeashorterlink.com/?Z1F52431C Additional photos: http://www.aerolite.org/ebay/sikhote-38-5.htm This actual piece is featured in my Gallery of Meteorite Photographs: http://www.aerolite.org/meteorite-photography.htm And finally, a translucent Libyan Desert Glass specimen, 97 grams with one face covered by those nice pseudo regmaglypts: http://makeashorterlink.com/?U3E56231C Additional photos: http://www.aerolite.org/ebay/libyan-desert-glass-97.htm Don't forget to bid! We need to buy candy and cat food : ) Best to all, Geoff N. __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Solar system news
Hi All, Evidently jealous of all the attention that 2003 UB313 (affectionately, unofficially known as Xena) and its satellite (likewise, Gabrielle) have been getting, the largest KBO, Pluto, has upped the ante: Circular No. 8625 Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION Mailstop 18, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. [EMAIL PROTECTED] or FAX 617-495-7231 (subscriptions) [EMAIL PROTECTED] (science) URL http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/cbat.html ISSN 0081-0304 Phone 617-495-7440/7244/7444 (for emergency use only) S/2005 P 1 AND S/2005 P 2 H. A. Weaver, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University; and S. A. Stern, Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) -- on behalf of a team including M. J. Mutchler (Space Telescope Science Institute), A. J. Steffl (SwRI), M. W. Buie (Lowell Observatory), and W. J. Merline, J. R. Spencer, E. F. Young, and L. A. Young (SwRI) -- report the discovery of two new satellites of Pluto. The objects, provisionally designated S/2005 P 1 and S/2005 P 2, were clearly detected (S/N 35) in two different Hubble Space Telescope ACS/WFC images on May 15.05 and 18.14 UT. On May 15, S/2005 P 1 was 1.85 (1.85 arcsec) from the center of Pluto in p.a. 264.2 deg, and S/2005 P 2 was 2.09 from Pluto in p.a. 326.9 deg. On May 18, the locations were 2.36 in p.a. 305.8 deg and 2.22 in p.a. 355.5 deg. The two objects have roughly comparable brightness, with V = 22.96 +/- 0.15 for S/2005 P 1 and V = 23.41 +/- 0.15 for S/2005 P 2. Unique orbits cannot be calculated from the available data, but the measured positions are consistent with nearly circular orbits in the orbital plane of Pluto I (Charon). On this assumption, preliminary orbital solutions yield a = 64700 +/- 850 km and P = 38.2 +/- 0.8 days for S/2005 P 1, and a = 49400 +/- 600 km and P = 25.5 +/- 0.5 days for S/2005 P 2. Examination of archival HST ACS/HRC data taken on 2002 June 14 (PI: M. W. Buie) shows two objects near the locations predicted by these orbits, providing independent support for the satellite detections. A search over the entire orbital stability zone (+/- 100 around Pluto) does not show any other potential satellites to a limiting magnitude of V about 27.1 (5-sigma). For additional information, see http://www.boulder.swri.edu/plutonews. (C) Copyright 2005 CBAT 2005 October 31(8625)Daniel W. E. Green __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] Solar system news
On Mon, 31 Oct 2005 11:29:13 -0800, Matson, Robert [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi All, have been getting, the largest KBO, Pluto, has upped the ante: Second largest. (So far) __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
RE: [meteorite-list] Solar system news
Whoops! Yes, you're quite right -- second largest known. --Rob -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Monday, October 31, 2005 12:46 PM To: Matson, Robert Cc: meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com Subject: Re: [meteorite-list] Solar system news On Mon, 31 Oct 2005 11:29:13 -0800, Matson, Robert [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi All, have been getting, the largest KBO, Pluto, has upped the ante: Second largest. (So far) __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] ...and my Munich notes
Hidiho too, my notes about the show are also somewhat short, as I had to run these days like a marathon man, so we have to wait for the photos and the notes of the other visitors and for the report by Norbert Classen in Joel's meteorite magazine. Mike is right, the Moroccans brought again less stones than last year, which is remarkable inasmuch as the real big shortage down to 10% appeared in the year before. Now I had the impression, that they brought only a few boxes with some nicer W1-chondrites, may it be, because they run indeed dry, may it be, that with the average weathered stuff there was no business to do at the last show, so that it made more sense for them to bring their fossils, minerals artefacts with them. Almost no rare types they had, a few irons (or mesosiderite nodules sold as irons) and those kind of that fresher polymict eucrites, which are around everywhere at ebay, that's all. Even the ubiquist 869, which represented last year quite a share of the unidentified OCs, was difficult to get. The prices to start haggling were almost doubled compared to last year. Only the specialist Ali HmaniJunior had a remarkable assortment of desert stuff, a nice fist-sized angrite I remember there as an highlight (but the price was ways beyond good and evil). So MomDean's funny stall was this time the El Dorado for treasure hunters; whenever I passed by, I found at least one known enthusiast muck-raking through the desks with magnetmagnifier. Else worth mentioning was an somewhat larger desert iron at one of the Erfoud-boyz, which ought to be cut first, to be indentified, whether it's smth new or already known. Wasn't as fresh as Taza or Ziz. Hehe Mike, there was ONE large Gibeon, which you lose sight of - lying on the table of the Sprichs and König. An 88kg disk-shaped individual with cool regmaglypts with an enormous gutter crossing adding zest to it as an pagan altar for scary ritual acts, buckleboo. At another half of a table, I forgot the name, there were some rough pieces, kg-sized of Gibeon, but that was all. Gibeon, in former times more common than Campo - Hans Camposanto Koser, charming and polyglot as always, had the full palette of all sizes and shapes, some with holes - and which was THE main iron like Sikhote in the last 2 years, dissapeared in the last 3 years due to the export restrictions. Sikhote-Alin was weakly represented, a few boxes, most of them shrapnels. For two reasons: the strewnfield isn't productive anymore and several Russians, who usually took part in the past, had to stay at home for some short time reasons. Just as well many regular meteorite exhibitors, like Christian Stehlin, Sigfried Haberer or Stefan Ralew didn't show up this year with a stall - has to do with the horrendous fees and the mental opstipation of the German audience, caused by an artificial hysteria about the lame economy, so they rather save every buck than to buy spacerocks. But also several new sellers joined the show: Andrej Andrejew, you know him from the ebay-handle meteorock, outstandig from the Russian style standard ebay repertoire on his table were thin slices of the Budulan mesosiderite. Andi Hulk Starrockers Gren had a nice display case, with the already mentioned Page City fullslice (his perfect etched Zagoras with Neumann lines were sold out immediately). He's the PRETZEL SAVIOUR! Generously he paid all pretzels, which were forgot to be paid by the attendants on Friday evening in the Fliegerbräu, so we send all our thanks and will buy immediately in his meteorite house until it's empty. The reknown Comet-Shop-Team sent this time only a shortened assortment and one representant, also a Sergej and a nice person, speaking a good German. From their well known meteorites, I remember (I'm conservative and can keep names better in mind than numbers) the new pallasite Pallasovska - could be there a better name for an PAL? Especially glad I was, that this year finally, finally Norbert Kammel in person made it to the show. Many were missing the Kammels last year. Classical Aussie-names are their domaine, (and they were heftily underpriced as always!). For the first time in Munich was Slawomir Derecki. If one would have to be very severely, he would to be called the only true meteorite jeweler. As an skilled, professional jeweler and artist, he is specialized in meteorites, excogiting and producing technical high grade pieces of meteorite jewellery of special design. Forget about that tumbled meteorite pearls bracelets, the plump iron chunks with a thrilled hole on a string or those gilt etched irons, where after a year the plating falls offn - if I once need wedding rings, I know where I'll let them craft. ErichSylvia's wonderfull chaotic stall is an institution on the show since many years and was mostly besieged from all - hence obviously always good for an advantegous purchase. Again the crown for rare names and historic falls deserve AchimMoritz Karl Sergej Vassiliev. It's
[meteorite-list] Michael Cottingham's Vigarano on EBay
Michael Cottingham wrote: It has been a while since I have posted a sale! Maybe nearly 4 months? Anyway, I have jumped back in the saddle and I have listed over 500 items in my Ebay Store! I couldn't go to Munich, ... too bad! But I found ample compensation on Michael's EBay page(s): Vigarano specimens with the Buy It Now option. Here's what Michael wrote on EBay: Here is an awesome opportunity to obtain a Very Rare Witnessed Fall ... An important meteorite to have in any collection. This meteorite is one that every meteorite collector has heard about... but probably does not have in their collection! Very true! There are some Allende pieces in my collection, an Axtell thin section, the very rare anomalous, ungrouped NWA 1465 (see David Weir's excellent website for some very interesting details regarding NWA 1465), a small thin slice of Michel Franco's Tioulaoualene CV3 chondrite and three slices of Eric Olson's unclassified CV3 chondrite with CM2-like, dark inclusions. That's it with regard to CV chondrites. Michael Cottingham also wrote: I have very little of this to offer. Try and find some for sale, and if you do, check out the price. The specimens I am offering on Ebay will be all gone... fast. So true again because there were only three pieces left about two hours ago. Like Allende, some Vigarano pieces contain so-called DIs (= dark inclusions), aggregates of fayalitic composition and, in the case of Vigarano, usually totally devoid of any inclusions. But there is one remarkable feature according to the information in the reference quoted below: an unusual texture comprising a network of arcuate bands. Two or more bands occur roughly parallel, forming a set of successive parallel bands, some cross- cutting one another. This points towards extensive aqueous activity and sedimentary processes on the CV chondrite parent body. Michael had two very small (0.63 and 0.62 grams) pieces on EBay, very small but very affordable, and both of these pieces sported such a conspicuous DI. They are gone and I'll leave it to your imagination where they will show up soon ;-) Reference: TOMEOKA K. et al. (1998) Arcuate band texture in a dark inclusion from the Vigarano CV3 chondrite: Possible evidence for early sedimentary processes (Meteoritics 33-3, 1998, 519-525). Best DI wishes, Bernd __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] NASA sets schedule for handling asteroid threat
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9871982/ NASA sets schedule for handling asteroid threat Letter suggests probe in 2019 and deflector by 2028 ... if needed By Alan Boyle Science editor MSNBC Updated: 2:04 p.m. ET Oct. 31, 2005 NASA has outlined what it could do, and in what time frame, in case a quarter-mile-wide asteroid named Apophis is on a course to slam into Earth in the year 2036. The timetable was released by the B612 Foundation, a group that is pressing NASA and other government agencies to do more to head off threats from near-Earth objects. The plan runs like this: Eight years from now, if there's still a chance of a collision in 2036, NASA would start drawing up plans to put a probe on the space rock or in orbit around it in 2019. Measurements sent back from the probe would characterize Apophis' course to an accuracy of mere yards (meters) by the year 2020. If those readings still could not rule out a strike in 2036, NASA would try to deflect the asteroid into a non-threatening course in the 2024-2028 time frame by firing an impactor at it — using this year's Deep Impact comet-blasting probe as a model. Experts would start planning for the Son of Deep Impact mission even before they knew whether or not it was needed. The plan is described in a letter attributed to Mary Cleave, NASA's associate administrator for the science mission directorate, as well as a scientific paper by Steve Chesley, an asteroid specialist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The letter was addressed to the B612 Foundation, and B612 made the letter and the paper public on Friday evening. Although Cleave declined to comment on the plan in an e-mail exchange with MSNBC.com on Sunday, NASA confirmed on Monday that the letter distributed by the B612 Foundation was authentic. The outlines of the plan match reports that emerged from an August scientific conference in Brazil, where Chesley presented his paper. ‘Thorough and thoughtful’ analysis The B612 Foundation said it was grateful for NASA's thorough and thoughtful analysis, which came in response to the foundation's call for a near-term mission to the asteroid, back in June. Former astronaut Rusty Schweickart, the chairman of the California-based foundation's board, said the plan would pose challenges for NASA officials. It's certainly a tight schedule, he told MSNBC.com Sunday, but on the other hand, they're the experts. Schweickart also noted that Apophis was an unusual case among potentially threatening asteroids, in that it would take a relatively small deflection to eliminate the possibility of a catastrophic collision. In the typical case, that isn't going to do the job, he said. Flurry of concern Apophis, also known as 2004 MN4, stirred up a flurry of concern last December when the risk of collision was raised temporarily to as high as 1 out of 40 for the year 2029. With an estimated diameter of 1,300 feet (400 meters), the asteroid could destroy a city if it hit the wrong place on land, or raise a deadly tsunami if it plunged into the ocean. Fortunately, more precise plotting ruled out a collision in 2029. However, Apophis will still make an extremely close pass — missing Earth by mere tens of thousands of miles. At that distance, Earth's gravitational pull could perturb Apophis' orbit enough to put it on a track to hit during another pass in 2036. Experts say that could happen if, during the 2029 close encounter, the asteroid passes through an outer-space keyhole that measures about 2,000 feet (600 meters) across. In statistical terms, the risk of an impact is now set at 1 in 5,560, based on the uncertainties surrounding Apophis' orbit. Will it make impact? Asteroid-watchers may be able to rule out a collision entirely as early as next year, when Apophis is in a good position for further observations. However, the key observations will come in 2013, when astronomers can analyze subtle changes in the asteroid's orbit. If that analysis shows there's still a significant chance of impact in 2036, NASA would send a radio-equipped probe toward a 2019 rendezvous with the asteroid, and collect a year's worth of data about its position. With the use of these transponder data, the 2036 impact could be definitively ruled out (or in) by 2020, Cleave said in her letter. If the impact is ruled in, NASA would proceed with the deflection probe. Although the precise method and timeline of a deflection effort cannot be established in this early stage, the recent experience of Deep Impact, which went from initial planning to successful impact on Comet 9P/Tempel 1 in less than seven years, is relevant, Cleave said. One way or another, NASA would try to push the comet out of a path leading to the 2029 keyhole. The letter explained that it would be far easier to accomplish a deflection mission prior to the 2029 close approach to avoid any potential 2036 collision. Of course, chances are that the Apophis affair will turn out like
Re: [meteorite-list] Michael Cottingham's Vigarano on EBay
Hello Vigarano is not hard to find, I have just add a 3.13 gr. http://it.geocities.com/tunguska2004/Vigarano.JPG piece after the 4.74 piece from Bosch Collection http://it.geocities.com/meteoriti20002/Vigarano.JPG The good its the italian meteorites its many hard to find, the ordinary material easy to find its Alfianello, but at few time the same material return rare, its for this I have buy many pieces and its on hold for future. Now I hope to conclude a trade with a italian museum and take some Siena, Castrovillari, Siena, Collescipoli and other. Matteo --- [EMAIL PROTECTED] ha scritto: Michael Cottingham wrote: It has been a while since I have posted a sale! Maybe nearly 4 months? Anyway, I have jumped back in the saddle and I have listed over 500 items in my Ebay Store! I couldn't go to Munich, ... too bad! But I found ample compensation on Michael's EBay page(s): Vigarano specimens with the Buy It Now option. Here's what Michael wrote on EBay: Here is an awesome opportunity to obtain a Very Rare Witnessed Fall ... An important meteorite to have in any collection. This meteorite is one that every meteorite collector has heard about... but probably does not have in their collection! Very true! There are some Allende pieces in my collection, an Axtell thin section, the very rare anomalous, ungrouped NWA 1465 (see David Weir's excellent website for some very interesting details regarding NWA 1465), a small thin slice of Michel Franco's Tioulaoualene CV3 chondrite and three slices of Eric Olson's unclassified CV3 chondrite with CM2-like, dark inclusions. That's it with regard to CV chondrites. Michael Cottingham also wrote: I have very little of this to offer. Try and find some for sale, and if you do, check out the price. The specimens I am offering on Ebay will be all gone... fast. So true again because there were only three pieces left about two hours ago. Like Allende, some Vigarano pieces contain so-called DIs (= dark inclusions), aggregates of fayalitic composition and, in the case of Vigarano, usually totally devoid of any inclusions. But there is one remarkable feature according to the information in the reference quoted below: an unusual texture comprising a network of arcuate bands. Two or more bands occur roughly parallel, forming a set of successive parallel bands, some cross- cutting one another. This points towards extensive aqueous activity and sedimentary processes on the CV chondrite parent body. Michael had two very small (0.63 and 0.62 grams) pieces on EBay, very small but very affordable, and both of these pieces sported such a conspicuous DI. They are gone and I'll leave it to your imagination where they will show up soon ;-) Reference: TOMEOKA K. et al. (1998) Arcuate band texture in a dark inclusion from the Vigarano CV3 chondrite: Possible evidence for early sedimentary processes (Meteoritics 33-3, 1998, 519-525). Best DI wishes, Bernd __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list M come Meteorite - Matteo Chinellato Via Triestina 126/A - 30030 - TESSERA, VENEZIA, ITALY Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sale Site: http://www.mcomemeteorite.it Collection Site: http://www.mcomemeteorite.info MSN Messanger: spacerocks at hotmail.com EBAY.COM:http://members.ebay.com/aboutme/mcomemeteorite/ ___ Yahoo! Messenger: chiamate gratuite in tutto il mondo http://it.messenger.yahoo.com __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] ...and my Munich notes
well, the good news its the NWA Empire its under endedbut the same I receive emails with offers of material from morocco, type Taza for $1/gr. Chondrites with complete stone at 1 kg. for $150/kg. etc.I see in December what its possible find here in Italy, and after in March... Matteo --- Martin Altmann [EMAIL PROTECTED] ha scritto: Hidiho too, my notes about the show are also somewhat short, as I had to run these days like a marathon man, so we have to wait for the photos and the notes of the other visitors and for the report by Norbert Classen in Joel's meteorite magazine. Mike is right, the Moroccans brought again less stones than last year, which is remarkable inasmuch as the real big shortage down to 10% appeared in the year before. Now I had the impression, that they brought only a few boxes with some nicer W1-chondrites, may it be, because they run indeed dry, may it be, that with the average weathered stuff there was no business to do at the last show, so that it made more sense for them to bring their fossils, minerals artefacts with them. Almost no rare types they had, a few irons (or mesosiderite nodules sold as irons) and those kind of that fresher polymict eucrites, which are around everywhere at ebay, that's all. Even the ubiquist 869, which represented last year quite a share of the unidentified OCs, was difficult to get. The prices to start haggling were almost doubled compared to last year. Only the specialist Ali HmaniJunior had a remarkable assortment of desert stuff, a nice fist-sized angrite I remember there as an highlight (but the price was ways beyond good and evil). So MomDean's funny stall was this time the El Dorado for treasure hunters; whenever I passed by, I found at least one known enthusiast muck-raking through the desks with magnetmagnifier. Else worth mentioning was an somewhat larger desert iron at one of the Erfoud-boyz, which ought to be cut first, to be indentified, whether it's smth new or already known. Wasn't as fresh as Taza or Ziz. Hehe Mike, there was ONE large Gibeon, which you lose sight of - lying on the table of the Sprichs and König. An 88kg disk-shaped individual with cool regmaglypts with an enormous gutter crossing adding zest to it as an pagan altar for scary ritual acts, buckleboo. At another half of a table, I forgot the name, there were some rough pieces, kg-sized of Gibeon, but that was all. Gibeon, in former times more common than Campo - Hans Camposanto Koser, charming and polyglot as always, had the full palette of all sizes and shapes, some with holes - and which was THE main iron like Sikhote in the last 2 years, dissapeared in the last 3 years due to the export restrictions. Sikhote-Alin was weakly represented, a few boxes, most of them shrapnels. For two reasons: the strewnfield isn't productive anymore and several Russians, who usually took part in the past, had to stay at home for some short time reasons. Just as well many regular meteorite exhibitors, like Christian Stehlin, Sigfried Haberer or Stefan Ralew didn't show up this year with a stall - has to do with the horrendous fees and the mental opstipation of the German audience, caused by an artificial hysteria about the lame economy, so they rather save every buck than to buy spacerocks. But also several new sellers joined the show: Andrej Andrejew, you know him from the ebay-handle meteorock, outstandig from the Russian style standard ebay repertoire on his table were thin slices of the Budulan mesosiderite. Andi Hulk Starrockers Gren had a nice display case, with the already mentioned Page City fullslice (his perfect etched Zagoras with Neumann lines were sold out immediately). He's the PRETZEL SAVIOUR! Generously he paid all pretzels, which were forgot to be paid by the attendants on Friday evening in the Fliegerbräu, so we send all our thanks and will buy immediately in his meteorite house until it's empty. The reknown Comet-Shop-Team sent this time only a shortened assortment and one representant, also a Sergej and a nice person, speaking a good German. From their well known meteorites, I remember (I'm conservative and can keep names better in mind than numbers) the new pallasite Pallasovska - could be there a better name for an PAL? Especially glad I was, that this year finally, finally Norbert Kammel in person made it to the show. Many were missing the Kammels last year. Classical Aussie-names are their domaine, (and they were heftily underpriced as always!). For the first time in Munich was Slawomir Derecki. If one would have to be very severely, he would to be called the only true meteorite jeweler. As an skilled, professional jeweler and artist, he is specialized in meteorites, excogiting and producing technical high grade pieces of meteorite jewellery of special design. Forget about that tumbled meteorite pearls bracelets, the
[meteorite-list] Parallel Banding in Vigarano
Hi Bernd, Matteo and All, Hello Martin, Matteo, and List, if you look at the pic, the DI (?) appears just off of center Yep, that's one of these DIs! I don't see the parallel banding that Bernd also mentions. Am I missing it, or is it absent. I assume that it is only visible in BSE images, in backscattered electron images. The first thing I'll do when I get my Vigarano pieces from M.C. is, of course, put them under my microscope to find out *if* I can detect any signs of that arcuate band texture. BTW, scrolling down to the two larger Vigarano CAIs in Martin's recent Accretion Desk article, you'll find another DI close to and a little above the smaller CAI on the left. Best DI regards, Bernd __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] Parallel Banding in Vigarano
Hi Bernd, Wow, sharp eyes. When contrasting the two DIs in the overall slice, there is a distinct difference in color. Any thoughts? Also, the shape(s) of the DI(s) you pointed out is rather striking. Is that another larger less dark DI in the upper right, essentially in the mirror opposite position of the dark DI with the CAIs in the middle? Martin On 31 Oct 2005 23:07:48 UT, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi Bernd, Matteo and All, Hello Martin, Matteo, and List, if you look at the pic, the DI (?) appears just off of center Yep, that's one of these DIs! I don't see the parallel banding that Bernd also mentions. Am I missing it, or is it absent. I assume that it is only visible in BSE images, in backscattered electron images. The first thing I'll do when I get my Vigarano pieces from M.C. is, of course, put them under my microscope to find out *if* I can detect any signs of that arcuate band texture. BTW, scrolling down to the two larger Vigarano CAIs in Martin's recent Accretion Desk article, you'll find another DI close to and a little above the smaller CAI on the left. Best DI regards, Bernd __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
RE: [meteorite-list] Re: Crackpot Theory Redux
Hi Sterling and list, thanks for clearing that up. The physics that govern high velocity impacts seem to have a something in common with quantum physics... the are not quite to be approached with the garden-variety logic ;-))) Maybe a last one before bedtime: Upon implosion of the stellar core of a supernova, the magnetic field would increase dramatically in strength. Would that not cause the ionized matter ( I gather that pretty much every atom within the start system would be ionized at the time of the explosion and shortly thereafter ;-))) to be concentrated along the field lines? I mean, the magnetic field would start expanding with the speed of light in less than a second after the blast but the expanding shell of debris would have to be considerably slower and hence fall under its influence, or am I seeing this wrong? Wouldn't some of that matter coalesce while it crashes into the interstellar matter? Maybe there's more substantial matter in a SNR than just ions? Probably not enough to account for cataclysmic events on earth but just for the sake of argument? Axel -Oorspronkelijk bericht- Van: Sterling K. Webb [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Verzonden: zondag 30 oktober 2005 20:49 Aan: Axel Emmermann CC: Meteorite List Onderwerp: Re: [meteorite-list] Re: Crackpot Theory Redux Hi, Axel, List, Hitting the atmosphere at very high speeds generates a plasma of very high temperature. Normal re-entry plasma temps are 3000 degrees for carefully controlled orbital re-entry. For the normal meteoroid re-entry, temps are 15,000 degrees (or more). For the high speed particle, expect 50,000 to 200,000 degrees within a millisecond. At these temperatures, the black body spectrum contains major intensities in X-Ray and even gamma frequencies. These very effectively transfer the energy of the plasma to the body of the particle. The result, within another few milliseconds, is a cartoon noise: Pfooot! The particle is gone. What remains is mostly slow-moving iron ions, drifting away on the thin exosphere... The vast majority of cosmic rays are protons. The big nuclei create a cascade of particle transformations that end in a flurry of photons and neutrinos. The most effective detectors for high mass cosmic rays are flash detectors and deep neutrino detectors. Interesting (to me, anyway) is the fact that the heavy high speed nuclei have experienced so much relativistic increase in mass that a nuclei whose weight is a laughable concept will bulk up until it weighs as much a good sized bacterium! Back to iron particles from supernovas: The collapse of a star that masses many times the mass of our Sun into a Type II supernova takes place in less than a second! So the event that creates the iron nuclei is effectively instantaneous. The nuclei all have the same mass; they all experience the same energy accelerating them. So velocities are initially very uniform, and the expanding shell of particles is very thin and precise. Even after several light years of travel the shells remain pretty well defined. The density of iron particles encountered depends entirely on the distance to the supernova. Initially Knie and Hillebrandt guessimated the supernova that produced their 60-Fe at 90 to 125 light years away. Then, refining the results, they came up with about 75-90 light years away. The more recent berylium-10 results suggest the explosion was closer. Now, they are more cautious: 25 to 75 light years away. Since the density of particles depends on the inverse square of the distance, cutting the estimate from 125 light years away to 25 light years away increases the density 25-fold! Big difference. You raise an interesting point about a heat flash from re-entering particles at high density. I don't think so, but it's like the chance that the first atom bomb would set the atmosphere afire; you wouldn't want to have to say, well, I didn't think to check that... Every kilogram of material striking the atmosphere at 40,000 m/sec (average for a meteoroid) generates a specific heat (proportional to temperature) of 194,134 calories. That's 8.12256656 × 10^12 ergs. At 400,000 m/sec, it's 100 times greater, or 8.12256656 × 10^14 ergs. The surface area of ONE SIDE of the Earth is 250,000,000 m^2. So the average energy delivered is 3,000,000 ergs per m^2 per kg, at this velocity, or about 1/2 of a joule. The Sun's flux is about 1400 joules per m^2, so to equal the heat of Sun, the event would require 2800 kilos PER SQUARE METER impacting the atmosphere, or more than a ton of iron particles per square meter. This is unlikely many light years from a supernova. (If you were closer, you'd have other, bigger problems!) Big sigh of relief... On the other hand, this calculation raises an interesting point for meteoritics. The impact of a really big object (100's of meters) would involve the atmospheric impact (first) of billions of kilos in a few thousand square
Re-2: [meteorite-list] Parallel Banding in Vigarano
Wow, sharp eyes. Thanks, ... but I am almost blind without my glasses :-() When contrasting the two DIs in the overall slice, there is a distinct difference in color. That's right! The very dark inclusion left and slightly below center may be one of those featureless DIs, whereas this one: another larger less dark DI in the upper right, essentially in the mirror opposite position of the dark DI with the CAIs in the middle? . this one is a medium-gray color, and like (possibly) another one, about 4.5 cm to the upper left of the very dark DI and 7.5 cm from the one in the upper right, the one with a shining white dot at its center (mini-CAI?), is a lighter gray color. The close-up pic of the two larger CAIs (Accretion Desk article) may provide the answer: it looks mottled so, maybe it is impure with ligter-colored inclusions, CAIs, ghost chondrules, etc.). Good night, Bernd __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] FIREBALL OVER NORTHERN VIRGINIA
All, Reports are coming in that a large orange blue very bright fireball seen in Northern Virginia. Observers saw it track to the north while others saw it to the south which means it passed overhead in our geographical vicinity. One observer heard a hissing sound - no detonations were reported. Any other reports? Greg Redfern NASA JPL Solar System Ambassador http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/ambassador/index.html What's Up: The Space Place http://www.wtopnews.com/index.php?nid=421 __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] List member discovers new comet
http://ares.nrl.navy.mil/sungrazer/latest_news.html Has this been posted to the List, yet? Apologies if it has, but I don't think so. It's not everyday that a List member discovers a comet. As many of you know, List member, Rob Matson, is a very determined meteorite hunter, asteroid finder, and comet discover. Rob's latest comet discovery is more a result of determination than it is of luck. Here is the story in Rob's own words: http://ares.nrl.navy.mil/sungrazer/latest_news.html (Scroll down to October 23, 2005.) --Bob V. -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Thursday, October 27, 2005 2:26 PM To: Matson, Robert Subject: New comet Hello Rob, CONGRATULATIONS Your discovery is a case study in perseverance. Way to hang in there. Bob V. - From: Matson, Robert [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: '[EMAIL PROTECTED]' Date: Thu, 27 Oct 2005 14:39:46 -0700 Subject: RE: New comet Hi Bob, Thanks! I always wanted to add a SWAN comet to my discovery list -- especially since they're 150 times as rare as a SOHO comet [7 SWAN vs. 1031 (non-SWAN) SOHO]. There's a more detailed story with the confirmation comet images from LPL and Siding Spring posted on the SOHO sungrazer website: http://ares.nrl.navy.mil/sungrazer/latest_news.html Scroll down to October 23, 2005. --Rob The IAU Circular came out over the weekend: Circular No. 8619 Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION Mailstop 18, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. [EMAIL PROTECTED] or FAX 617-495-7231 (subscriptions) [EMAIL PROTECTED] (science) URL http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/cbat.html ISSN 0081-0304 Phone 617-495-7440/7244/7444 (emergency use only) COMET C/2005 T4 (SWAN) R. D. Matson, Newport Coast, California; and M. Mattiazzo, Wallaroo, South Australia, have independently reported the presence of a comet in SOHO SWAN images during the first half of October (the object appearing rather faint in the ultraviolet images). The SWAN positions below are from Matson. E. J. Christensen reports that Catalina Sky Survey (0.68-m Schmidt telescope) images on Oct. 22.1 UT show a moderately condensed, roughly circular coma of diameter about 2' in three coadded 20-second exposures. R. H. McNaught, observing with the 1.0-m f/8 reflector at Siding Spring Observatory on Oct 22.4, reports a diffuse 1' coma with a 3 (FWHM) central condensation (used for the magnitude estimates below). J. E. McGaha (Tucson, Arizona, 0.62-m f/5.1 reflector) reports that his images on Oct. 23.1 show a fan-shaped coma of size 20 x 30 toward p.a. 120 deg. A. Hale (Cloudcroft, New Mexico, 0.41-m reflector) writes that a visual observation on Oct. 23.08 showed a diffuse coma of diameter 1'.5 and total mag 12.1. 2005 UT R.A. (2000) Decl. Mag. Observer Oct. 6 15 00.7 - 0 20 SWAN 9 15 29.2 - 3 28 11 15 47.9 - 5 10 13 16 06.9 - 6 43 Oct 22.06892 16 27 47.50 - 9 13 25.2 12.4 Christensen 22.07064 16 27 47.68 - 9 13 27.0 22.07230 16 27 47.91 - 9 13 28.7 22.39354 16 28 24.32 - 9 17 53.4 18.1 McNaught 22.39504 16 28 24.50 - 9 17 55.1 18.0 22.39654 16 28 24.67 - 9 17 56.3 18.0 22.39809 16 28 24.83 - 9 17 57.4 17.9 22.39960 16 28 24.99 - 9 17 58.8 17.9 22.40110 16 28 25.18 - 9 18 00.0 17.7 Additional precise positions, the following preliminary parabolic orbital elements by B. G. Marsden (from 12 precise positions, Oct. 22-23), and an ephemeris appear on MPEC 2005-U19: T = 2005 Oct. 9.602 TTPeri. = 40.696 Node = 25.945 2000.0q = 0.64699AU Incl. = 160.126 (C) Copyright 2005 CBAT __ Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
