[meteorite-list] Caught For The First Time: The Early Flash Of An Exploding Star
Haven't seen this covered by Ron. Maybe not like I expected but in our lifetimes! Look what K2/Kepler is reporting! They caught the moment -actually about 20 minutes- that a star goes supernova, *visibly*, twice. Wow, meticulous persistence pays. Tycho Brahe would be so impressed... They go on to say expanding brightness reaches a maximum after 14 days, as all the elements (like iron and nickel) are manufactured and released that make life and geology (and nice pre-stellar nebulae) interesting: abstract: http://arxiv.org/abs/1603.05657 preprint pdf: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.05657v1.pdf NASA PR Summary: http://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/Kepler/caught-for-the-first-time-the-early-flash-of-an-exploding-star Caught For The First Time: The Early Flash Of An Exploding Star The brilliant flash of an exploding star’s shockwave—what astronomers call the “shock breakout”—has been captured for the first time in the optical wavelength or visible light by NASA's planet-hunter, the Kepler space telescope. An international science team led by Peter Garnavich, an astrophysics professor at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, analyzed light captured by Kepler every 30 minutes over a three-year period from 500 distant galaxies, searching some 50 trillion stars. They were hunting for signs of massive stellar death explosions known as supernovae. The brightness of a Type II supernova shock breakout The diagram illustrates the brightness of a supernova event relative to the sun as it unfolds. For the first time, a supernova shockwave has been observed in the optical wavelength or visible light as it reaches the surface of the star. This early flash of light is called a shock breakout. The explosive death of this star, called KSN 2011d, as it reaches its maximum brightness takes 14 days. The shock breakout itself lasts only about 20 minutes, so catching the flash of energy is an investigative milestone for astronomers. The unceasing gaze of NASA's Kepler space telescope allowed astronomers to see, at last, this early moment as the star blows itself to bits. Supernovae like these — known as Type II — begin when the internal furnace of a star runs out of nuclear fuel causing its core to collapse as gravity takes over. This type of star is called a red supergiant star and it is 20,000 times brighter than our sun. As the supergiant star goes supernova, the energy traveling from the core reaches the surfaces with a burst of light that is 130,000,000 times brighter than the sun. The star continues to explode and grow reaching maximum brightness that is about 1,000,000,000 times brighter than the sun. Credits: NASA Ames/W. Stenzel In 2011, two of these massive stars, called red supergiants, exploded while in Kepler’s view. The first behemoth, KSN 2011a, is nearly 300 times the size of our sun and a mere 700 million light years from Earth. The second, KSN 2011d, is roughly 500 times the size of our sun and around 1.2 billion light years away. “To put their size into perspective, Earth's orbit about our sun would fit comfortably within these colossal stars,” said Garnavich. Whether it’s a plane crash, car wreck or supernova, capturing images of sudden, catastrophic events is extremely difficult but tremendously helpful in understanding root cause. Just as widespread deployment of mobile cameras has made forensic videos more common, the steady gaze of Kepler allowed astronomers to see, at last, a supernova shockwave as it reached the surface of a star. The shock breakout itself lasts only about 20 minutes, so catching the flash of energy is an investigative milestone for astronomers. “In order to see something that happens on timescales of minutes, like a shock breakout, you want to have a camera continuously monitoring the sky,” said Garnavich. “You don’t know when a supernova is going to go off, and Kepler's vigilance allowed us to be a witness as the explosion began.” Supernovae like these — known as Type II — begin when the internal furnace of a star runs out of nuclear fuel causing its core to collapse as gravity takes over. The two supernovae matched up well with mathematical models of Type II explosions reinforcing existing theories. But they also revealed what could turn out to be an unexpected variety in the individual details of these cataclysmic stellar events. While both explosions delivered a similar energetic punch, no shock breakout was seen in the smaller of the supergiants. Scientists think that is likely due to the smaller star being surrounded by gas, perhaps enough to mask the shockwave when it reached the star's surface. “That is the puzzle of these results,” said Garnavich. “You look at two supernovae and see two different things. That’s maximum diversity.” Understanding the physics of these violent events allows scientists to better understand how the seeds of chemical complexity and life itself have been scattered in space and time in
[meteorite-list] NASA Sends Fire, Meteor Experiments to International Space Station on Commercial Cargo Spacecraft
March 23, 2016 RELEASE 16-036 NASA Sends Fire, Meteor Experiments to International Space Station on Commercial Cargo Spacecraft Scientific investigations of fire in microgravity and grippers inspired by geckos are among the nearly 7,500 pounds of cargo headed to the International Space Station aboard an Orbital ATK Cygnus spacecraft, along with equipment to support some 250 other experiments and studies aboard the world's only orbital laboratory. Orbital ATK's fifth cargo delivery flight under its Commercial Resupply Services contract with NASA launched at 11:05 p.m. EDT Tuesday on a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket from Space Launch Complex 41 on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. The Cygnus is scheduled to arrive at the orbiting laboratory Saturday, March 26. The station's Expeditions 47 and 48 crews will employ these science payloads to support experiments in biology, biotechnology, physical science and Earth science - research that improves life on Earth -- including: * Saffire-I provides a new way to study a large fire on an exploration craft, which has not been possible in the past because the risks for performing such studies on spacecraft with astronauts aboard are too high. * Meteor will enable the first space-based observations of meteors entering Earth's atmosphere from space. * Strata-I could give us answers about how regolith behaves and moves in microgravity, how easy or difficult it is to anchor a spacecraft in regolith, how it interacts with spacecraft and spacesuit materials, and other important properties. * The Gecko Gripper study tests a gecko-inspired adhesive gripping device that can stick on command in the harsh environment of space. * The Additive Manufacturing Facility will add an upgraded 3-D printing capability to the station. NASA astronaut and Expedition 46 Commander Tim Kopra will capture Cygnus at about 6:40 a.m. Saturday, March 26, using the space station's Canadarm2 robotic arm to take hold of the spacecraft. Astronaut Tim Peake of ESA (European Space Agency) will support Kopra in a backup position. NASA TV coverage of capture will begin at 5:30 a.m. Saffire-1 will remain on the spacecraft once all the other supplies are unloaded, and the vehicle will be attached to the space station for about two months. Once it departs and the spacecraft is a safe distance from the space station, engineers will remotely conduct the first Saffire experiment before the Cygnus' destructive reentry into Earth's atmosphere. Before detaching from the station, Cygnus will also be filled with about 3,000 pounds of trash, which will be burned up over the Pacific Ocean. This is the second flight of an enhanced Cygnus spacecraft, and the second using the Atlas V launch system. The cargo freighter features a greater payload capacity, supported by new fuel tanks and solar arrays, and an extended pressurized cargo module that increases the spacecraft's interior volume by 25 percent, enabling more cargo to be delivered with each launch. The space station is a convergence of science, technology and human innovation that demonstrates new technologies and makes research breakthroughs not possible on Earth. The space station has been continuously occupied since November 2000. In that time, it has been visited by more than 200 people and a variety of international and commercial spacecraft. The space station remains the springboard to NASA's next great leap in exploration, including future missions to an asteroid and Mars. For more information about Orbital ATK's mission, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/orbitalatk For more information about the International Space Station, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/station -end- __ Visit our Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/meteoritecentral and the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com https://pairlist3.pair.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] MRO HiRISE Images: March 23, 2016
MARS RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER HIRISE IMAGES March 23, 2016 o Stratigraphy of Alluvial Fans in Saheki Crater http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/ESP_044491_1585 Some of the best-preserved alluvial fans on Mars are in this area, which we've images many times previously. o Old Salt http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/ESP_044502_1735 Just what is that "purplish" colored stuff with the polygonal fractures? o Looking for Ice http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/ESP_044698_2245 At high latitudes, new impact craters often expose ice, which appears bright in HiRISE enhanced-color images. o Colorful Polar Layered Deposits http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/ESP_044706_2670 The North Polar layered deposits provide a record of recent climate changes on Mars. All of the HiRISE images are archived here: http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/ Information about the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is online at http://www.nasa.gov/mro. The mission is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology, for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. Lockheed Martin Space Systems, of Denver, is the prime contractor and built the spacecraft. HiRISE is operated by the University of Arizona. Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp., of Boulder, Colo., built the HiRISE instrument. __ Visit our Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/meteoritecentral and the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com https://pairlist3.pair.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] Tissint '2' classification
This is Tissint II. Don't ask me how to pronounce it. ;-) http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=62802 Sent using the mail.com mail app On 3/23/16 at 2:47 PM, Kevin Kichinka via Meteorite-list wrote: > Team Meteorite: > > This 2015 fall seems not yet to have been classifiedor has it? > > Kevin Kichinka > mars...@gmail.com > 'The Art of Collecting Meteorites' available on Amazon.com > __ > > Visit our Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/meteoritecentral and the > Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com > Meteorite-list mailing list > Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com > https://pairlist3.pair.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list __ Visit our Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/meteoritecentral and the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com https://pairlist3.pair.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Tissint '2' classification
Team Meteorite: This 2015 fall seems not yet to have been classifiedor has it? Kevin Kichinka mars...@gmail.com 'The Art of Collecting Meteorites' available on Amazon.com __ Visit our Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/meteoritecentral and the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com https://pairlist3.pair.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Meteor Experiment: Out the Window Looks from the Space Station
Meteor Experiment: Out the Window Looks from the Space Station http://www.leonarddavid.com/meteor-experiment-out-the-window-looks-from-the-space-station/ __ Visit our Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/meteoritecentral and the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com https://pairlist3.pair.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Wanted: pallasite peridots rough
Dear list, Does anybody has pallasite peridots for sale? What I am looking for: as gemmy as possible, rough (uncut), extracted from pallasite (meteorite, ET origin) of course, all kinds of sizes and shapes. Pics and prices please. Is there anybody out there who has a knowledge how to extract peridots from pallasite meteorite? Thank you, Matija __ Visit our Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/meteoritecentral and the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com https://pairlist3.pair.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Meteorite Picture of the Day
Today's Meteorite Picture of the Day: Zagami Contributed by: Tomasz Jakubowski http://www.tucsonmeteorites.com/mpodmain.asp?DD=03/23/2016 __ Visit our Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/meteoritecentral and the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com https://pairlist3.pair.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
