Re: What does mod_python.publisher handler do?
yaru22 wrote: I was reading Chapter 6.1 in mod_python manual at www.python.org. The manual simply says: The publisher handler is a good way to avoid writing your own handlers and focus on rapid application development. I still don't understand what this publisher handler is for. Can someone elaborate the above phrase with some examples please? Thanks in advance. I think perhaps your reading of the documentation has been a little less than assiduous. Does http://www.modpython.org/live/current/doc-html/hand-pub.html make it any clearer? There the examples show you exactly how to use the handler, and the point of providing it is to allow you to use mod_python without going to the trouble of writing your own handler. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC/Ltd http://www.holdenweb.com Skype: holdenweb http://holdenweb.blogspot.com Recent Ramblings http://del.icio.us/steve.holden -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how can i change the text delimiter
Hi,
Thanks a lot for the snips you have included in your post...
those were quite helpful...
And about the 3rd party data
we receive the data in csv format ... but we are not supposed to modify
the files provided by the user directly...
Instead we make another file with the same name different
extensions... and use the new files created by the python for further
processing
quote_char
Defines the character used to quote fields that
contain the field separator or newlines. If set to None
special characters will be escaped using the escape_char.
# That's what you are looking for #
Yes you got me right
I was indeed looking for the quote_char...
Aha!! Looks like some misguided person has got a copy of the
object-craft code, renamed it fastcsv, and compiled it to run with
Python 2.4 ... so you want some docs. The simplest thing to do is to
ask it, e.g. like this, but with Python 2.4 (not 2.2) and call it
fastcsv (not csv):
I guess... that's true... ;)
Thank you very much.
Thanks a lot for the reponse
John Machin wrote:
sonald wrote:
Hi,
I am using
Python version python-2.4.1 and along with this there are other
installables
like:
1. fastcsv-1.0.1.win32-py2.4.exe
Well, you certainly didn't get that from the object-craft website --
just go and look at their download page
http://www.object-craft.com.au/projects/csv/download.html -- stops dead
in 2002 and the latest windows kit is a .pyd for Python 2.2. As you
have already been told and as the object-craft csv home-page says,
their csv was the precursor of the Python csv module.
2. psyco-1.4.win32-py2.4.exe
3. scite-1.63-setup.exe
We are freshers here, joined new... and are now into handling this
module which validates the data files, which are provided in some
predefined format from the third party.
The data files are provided in the comma separated format.
The fastcsv package is imported in the code...
import fastcsv
and
csv = fastcsv.parser(strict = 1,field_sep = ',')
Aha!! Looks like some misguided person has got a copy of the
object-craft code, renamed it fastcsv, and compiled it to run with
Python 2.4 ... so you want some docs. The simplest thing to do is to
ask it, e.g. like this, but with Python 2.4 (not 2.2) and call it
fastcsv (not csv):
... command-prompt...\python22\python
Python 2.2.3 (#42, May 30 2003, 18:12:08) [MSC 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
import csv
help(csv.parser)
Help on built-in function parser:
parser(...)
parser(ms_double_quote = 1, field_sep = ',',
auto_clear = 1, strict = 0,
quote_char = '', escape_char = None) - Parser
Constructs a CSV parser object.
ms_double_quote
When True, quotes in a fields must be doubled up.
field_sep
Defines the character that will be used to separate
fields in the CSV record.
auto_clear
When True, calling parse() will automatically call
the clear() method if the previous call to parse() raised
an
exception during parsing.
strict
When True, the parser will raise an exception on
malformed fields rather than attempting to guess the right
behavior.
quote_char
Defines the character used to quote fields that
contain the field separator or newlines. If set to None
special characters will be escaped using the escape_char.
# That's what you are looking for #
escape_char
Defines the character used to escape special
characters. Only used if quote_char is None.
help(csv)
Help on module csv:
NAME
csv - This module provides class for performing CSV parsing and
writing.
FILE
SOMEWHERE\csv.pyd
DESCRIPTION
The CSV parser object (returned by the parser() function) supports
the
following methods:
clear()
Discards all fields parsed so far. If auto_clear is set to
zero. You should call this after a parser exception.
parse(string) - list of strings
Extracts fields from the (partial) CSV record in string.
Trailing end of line characters are ignored, so you do not
need to strip the string before passing it to the parser.
If
you pass more than a single line of text, a csv.Error
exception will be raised.
join(sequence) - string
Construct a CSV record from a sequence of fields.
Non-string
elements will be converted to string.
Typical usage:
import csv
p = csv.parser()
file = open('afile.csv')
while 1:
line = file.readline()
if not line:
break
fields =
Re: Exception EOFError.
Dennis Lee Bieber enlightened us with: The above is windows, I believe Linux uses ctrl-d instead of ctrl-z That's correct. And so do all unix systems including MacOS X. Sybren -- Sybren Stüvel Stüvel IT - http://www.stuvel.eu/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Twisted vs POS (Plain-old sockets)
Hi! On Sun, 3 Sep 2006 00:19:17 -0700 Darren Kirby [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [...] I guess I am wondering if given the fact I need a custom protocol, and need to talk TCP/IP should I stick with twisted or just use plain old sockets and build it myself? Is there a third option I should consider? Have others found themselves in this situation? Thoughts? Comments? I am really just fishing for opinions here... You might have a look at asyncore/asychat in the standard library. It does the async stuff for you and it's easy to understand and to use. Hope it helps. Cheers Guido G. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
upgrade 2.4 - 2.5 HowTo
Hi, what has to be done for upgrading from Python 2.4 to 2.5? - How can I find out which packages (in addition to the core packages) have been installed up to now - Can I just copy /usr/local/lib/python2.4/site-packages to /usr/local/lib/python2.5 ? Many thanks for a hint, Helmut Jarausch Lehrstuhl fuer Numerische Mathematik RWTH - Aachen University D 52056 Aachen, Germany -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Reading config.ini in PythonWin.
Hi,
I am new in python-list and quite new in Python programming as well. I
am working mainly with GIS and using Esri's geoprocessing tools.
I want to use .ini file to set the parameters, especially paths, in my
project. PythonWin 2.1. is my version.
Why do I get the default back in the case below? Any way around?
The Paths,Temp is c:/temp.
win32ui.SetProfileFileName('D:\\config.ini')
Temp = win32ui.GetProfileVal('Paths','Temp','c:/')
print Temp
c:/
--
I saw one old thread but didn't se any solution there.
W.
--
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fcntl() and packing structs with unions.
I'm having some trouble building a proper argument for an ioctl call.
The operation I'm working with is TUNSETIFF _IOW('T', 202, int) which
takes a struct ifreq as the arg. Could someone familiar with the
struct (usually defined in net/if.h) tell me how the heck to encode it
using the struct/array module? An example would be fantastic.
Thanks
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Re: upgrade 2.4 - 2.5 HowTo
Helmut Jarausch wrote: Hi, what has to be done for upgrading from Python 2.4 to 2.5? - How can I find out which packages (in addition to the core packages) have been installed up to now - Can I just copy /usr/local/lib/python2.4/site-packages to /usr/local/lib/python2.5 ? Alas, no, this will only work for pure Python packages. If any of your packages are extensions in compiled languages (typically C or C++) then they need to be completely rebuilt, as the interpreter API changes between releases. Technically you should be able to copy the pure Python packages and midules across, althought eh .pyc file format alos differs between releases. However, the .pyc files will all be rebuilt automatically when they are required. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC/Ltd http://www.holdenweb.com Skype: holdenweb http://holdenweb.blogspot.com Recent Ramblings http://del.icio.us/steve.holden -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: CONSTRUCT -
lazaridis_com wrote: Georg Brandl wrote: lazaridis_com wrote: I would like to fulfill the following task: The construct: if __name__ == '__main__': should be changed to something like: if identifier.name == '__main__': The term identifier should be selected based on the meaning of the __double-underscore-enclosure__ of the entities. ... import sys class _identifier: def __getattr__(self, name): return sys._getframe(1).f_globals['__%s__' % name] identifier = _identifier() ok, I understand. this one would work with modules. but how would look a more general solution, which would work with objects too? Why can't you try to come up with something yourself? You should have had enough exposure to the Python language by now. Georg -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: raw audio in windows
Jay wrote: So, are you saying this would be possible to do with the PlaySound function? Fredrik is often terse. ;) I think what he's saying is that when I said you could pass a .wav file to an external application, he showed that you could pass it to a Python module instead. I think you still need to get it into .wav format first, though this can apparently be in memory rather than on disk. -- Ben Sizer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Newbie XML Output question
Hi, I was wondering if someone could help me with a problem I've been having with mod-python and a javascript application I'm running. When I run a GET on the actual XML file from the javascript, I can easily parse the file. However, when I use a mod-python handler and run this code: LOCAL_FILE = 'htdocs/ethan/info.xml'; def get_request(req): if req.method == 'GET': req.content_type = text/xml req.sendfile(LOCAL_FILE) req.write(file) return apache.OK The file is sent but the same code that parsed the actual file can't parse what is sent through this request. Is there some kind of special formatting that is required to properly send back XML to a javascript xmlhttprequest()? Any help would be greatly appreciated, Ethan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie XML Output question
Sorry, there should be no req.write(file) there. def get_request(req): if req.method == 'GET': req.content_type = text/xml req.sendfile(LOCAL_FILE) req.write(file) return apache.OK -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Syntax suggestion.
Alex Martelli wrote: What a mess it would be to disambiguate statements such as x = foo bar baz bat is it x = (foo, bar, baz, bat) or x = foo(bar, baz, bat) or x = foo(bar(baz), bat) or x = foo(bar, baz(bat)) or x = foo(bar(baz, bat)) It will be x=foo(bar,baz,bat). The parenthese ommition would only be valable for the first function call in the statement. or ... [even ignoring the possibility that one or more of these might be functions callable without arguments...!!!]... That won''t be a problem: x=foo bar(baz) bat would be equivalent to x=foo(bar(baz),bat). Or, but least realistic, it would be in the scheme trend. For example: a=b(c,d(e,f(g,h,i,j,k))) == a=b c (d e (f g h i j k)) It looks nicer, isn't it? :) iPython has some heuristics that may be reasonable for the commandline (and are, in any case, at least simple), but in practice I find that I go back to using the good old interactive Python interpreter rather than putting up with even those simple heuristics. That depends of your need to such tools. For example if you need to copy a file, then, resolve a linear system then chroot and set the password as de hexadecimal representation of the hash function of pi multiplied by the averge of the solution coordinations +_+, you'll need IPython ;) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
What are super()'s semantics?
I'm reading Alex Martelli's Nutshell second edition. In the section called Cooperative superclass method calling, he presents a diamond inheritance hierachy: class A(object): def met(self): print A.met class B(A): def met(self): print B.met A.met(self) class C(A): def met(self): print C.met A.met(self) class D(B,C): def met(self): print D.met B.met(self) C.met(self) D().met() # essentially D B A C A Martelli says In this code, when we call D().met(), A.met ends up being called twice. How can we ensure that each ancestor's implementation of the method is called once, and only once? The solution is to use built-in type super. super(aclass, obj), which returns a special superobject of object obj. When we look up an attribute (e.g., a method) in this superobject, the lookup begins after class aclass in obj's MRO. We can therefore rewrite the previous code as: class A(object): def met(self): print A.met class B(A): def met(self): print B.met super(B, self).met() class C(A): def met(self): print C.met super(C, self).met() class D(B,C): def met(self): print D.met super(D, self).met() D().met() # essentially D B C A Now, D().met() results in exactly one call to each class's version of met. I see that this is true, but I am confused by the explanation (the bit about truncated lookup in the class's MRO). In particular: 1. The super() call in D somehow invokes both parent class methods instead of stopping when the method is resolved in B. This has nothing to do with truncated lookup per se. Why isn't the output D B A? 2. If I understand correctly, B's MRO is (B, A) and super(B, self) would have an MRO of (A). Similarly for C. So it seems that by the above explanation, A.met() would still be invoked twice (assuming both B.met() and C.met() are invoked). I guess I can just take it on faith that super() invokes everything once and only once, but I'd rather understand how. Can someone point me to a more complete description of super()'s semantics and how they work? BTW, the official docs are even worse in this regard. AFAICT, they essentially say that super() returns a superclass with no discussion of diamond inheritance or any hint of how the semantics of super(B, self).met() would be any different than those of A.met(self). This seems like very important functionality to be documented in the official docs so poorly. Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Better way to replace/remove characters in a list of strings.
Hi, Is there a better way to replace/remove characters (specifically ' and characters in my case, but it could be anything) in strings in a list, than this example to replace 'a' with 'b': x = [a,123a,as] for i, v in enumerate(x) : x[i] = v.replace(a,b) This works, but I'd like to know peoples opinions. Thanks Chris -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: a new object definition
Michele Simionato already pointed you to `PEP 359`_. One of the reasons
that I withdrew it was that people seemed to feel that you could get
most of what you want now by defining appropriate metaclasses. In your
case, for example, the appropriate metaclass and its usage might look
like::
def instance(name, bases, dict):
... cls = dict.pop('__class__')
... dict.pop('__metaclass__')
... dict.pop('__module__') # silently added by class statement
... return cls(**dict)
...
class C(object):
... def __init__(self, a, b):
... self.a = a
... self.b = b
...
class c:
... __metaclass__ = instance
... __class__ = C
... a = 'foo'
... b = 'bar'
...
c.a, c.b
('foo', 'bar')
Sure, it's misleading to use a class statement when you're not actually
creating a class, but I guess people felt that wanting to do this was
uncommon enough that they weren't worried about it.
i know that there is always a solution. But this problem show that
python and others are not coherent in the syntax (contrary to lisp for
example).
with the 'make' syntax, it will be really easy to translate a program or
a data structure defined in XML format into python syntax.
i do not know how many use-cases we need for changing a PEP status :)
another advantage is that we have the same syntax in all definition
levels: metaclass, class, instance.
and if we just want to use objects and do a sort of 'prototype
programming', we can with this syntax.
example:
instance my_obj(prototype_obj):
...
... object specialisation
...
sylvain
.. _PEP 359: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0359/
STeVe
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Re: re.compile() doesn't work under Windows?
ddtl schrieb: Thanks everybody for pointing out the problem. And indeed, the script was named differently on Linux. ddtl. And because I just spent a day searching all the wrong corners: you remembered to delete or rename the re.pyc that the first import probably left in the same directory you had re.py in? -- Dr. Sibylle Koczian Universitaetsbibliothek, Abt. Naturwiss. D-86135 Augsburg e-mail : [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python loops
Steve Holden wrote: Nicko wrote: Fredrik Lundh wrote: if you cannot refrain from pulling arguments out of your ass, you not really the right person to talk about hygiene. I'm impressed but your mature argument. Clearly, in the face of such compelling reasoning, I shall have to concede that we should all generate our range lists up front. I'm impressed that you think any of this will be news to the effbot, whose sagacity is exceeded only by his irritability in the face of ignorance. Well, I may not have written as much award winning Python software as Fredrik, but sagacity usually implies wisdom and good judgement rather than mere knowledge. Still I'm hard pressed to see why suggesting that, when I want to iterate a number of times, I should use an iterator that goes around a number of times (and appreciate the bounded storage requirements that result) rather than writing down the list of numbers and then selecting each in turn, should warrant such an outburst. One wonders if the authors of PEP 3100, the outline plans Python 3.0, are all premature optimisation freaks too. After all it states that sooner or later the built in range function will return an iterator and those of us who prefer to iterate rather than count on our fingers/lists will have yet another optimisation; we'll not need to put an x in front of our ranges. Nicko -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Classes referencing each other
Does the EMCenter really need to /subclass/ from all of those? Or would it be better to make some of those attributes of an EMCenter INSTANCE (passing in instances of the others to the __init__() ). class EMCenter(object): def __init__(self, b, r, c, ol): self.building = b self.researcher = r ... IOW: the difference between: an EMCenter IS a building AND IS a researcher AND IS a constructor AND IS a OnLand = These relations are correct: the EM Center can build units and research technologies, therefore it is a researcher and constructor. Note that OnLand already sounds like an attribute -- and at that, maybe an attribute of Building Yes, this one is really an attribute, but it's not yet implemented and I wasn't sure how to do it when I wrote the template code. As soon as you get a recursive definition, you MUST split... Yes =( I'll have to try to reduce such relations to a minimum... It would have just been nice to declare and later define the classes, but such a feature would bloat the neat python syntax. Thanks for all the text you wrote, but it all went a bit in the wrong direction, sorry :) Manuel -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Broadcast server
Thx Alex, This is exactly what i want to look at . Async will definitely be something i will look at . Does it make sense to mix async and threaded server ( let say a threaded server accepting max 10 connections and dealing with client request asynchronously ). Does it sounds you a good design. Of course i will have a look a twisted that sounds me doing all the job ( for sure better that i can do ) . Thx Manu -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Better way to replace/remove characters in a list of strings.
Chris Brat [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Is there a better way to replace/remove characters (specifically ' and
characters in my case, but it could be anything) in strings in a
list, than this example to replace 'a' with 'b':
x = map(lambda foo: foo.replace('a', 'b'), x)
cu
Philipp
--
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Dept. of Genome Oriented BioinformaticsFax. +49-8161-71 2186
Technical University of Munich
http://mips.gsf.de/staff/pagel
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Re: working with ldap files
flit wrote: I am struggling with some ldap files. More general you are struggling with multiple attribute values of DN syntax stored in a single field of a CSV file. I am using the csv module to work with this files (I exported the ldap to a csv file). I guess you have MS AD and used MS tools for CSV export. I have this string on a field CN=pointhairedpeoplethatsux,OU=Groups,OU=Hatepeople,OU=HR,DC=fabrika,DC=com;CN=pointhairedboss,OU=Groups,OU=Hatepeople,OU=HR,DC=fabrika,DC=com this string is all the groups one user has membership. It seems they are using ; as a delimiter for multi-valued attributes in a single CSV field. Note that ; is also a special character for LDAPv2-DNs. So a naive parsing will fail under special circumstances. I'd recommend to export your data as LDIF and use the module 'ldif' from python-ldap to extract the entry records. You can use this module separately simply by placing the file ldif.py under site-packages/ if you don't need the rest of python-ldap. So what I am trying to do. read this string and extract only the CNs This is another issue. Note that in general DN parsing is more complex than simply using string.split(). If you are sure that all the attribute values used in your DNs don't have any special chars you could use string.split(). But you should definitely cross-check with RFC 4514 or use a decent DN parser. Ciao, Michael. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Better way to replace/remove characters in a list of strings.
Philipp Pagel wrote:
Chris Brat [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Is there a better way to replace/remove characters (specifically ' and
characters in my case, but it could be anything) in strings in a
list, than this example to replace 'a' with 'b':
x = map(lambda foo: foo.replace('a', 'b'), x)
Or more pythonically:
x = [s.replace('a', 'b') for s in x]
George
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Re: What are super()'s semantics?
Mike Krell wrote: BTW, the official docs are even worse in this regard. AFAICT, they essentially say that super() returns a superclass with no discussion of diamond inheritance or any hint of how the semantics of super(B, self).met() would be any different than those of A.met(self). This seems like very important functionality to be documented in the official docs so poorly. Well, you are right. I remember being fooled myself. 'super' does NOT return a superclass. Actually, there is no meaningful concept of superclass in a multiple inheritance world. Anyway, the MRO concept is documented here: http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.3/mro/ (yes, it is not easy to find this link in python.org). Michele Simionato -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: What are super()'s semantics?
Mike Krell wrote: class A(object): def met(self): print A.met class B(A): def met(self): print B.met super(B, self).met() class C(A): def met(self): print C.met super(C, self).met() class D(B,C): def met(self): print D.met super(D, self).met() D().met() # essentially D B C A [snip] 2. If I understand correctly, B's MRO is (B, A) and super(B, self) would have an MRO of (A). This is the source of your misunderstanding. Essentially, it's objects that have MROs, not classes. When you create an object of class D, the MRO of that object is (D,B,C,A), and it doesn't change, even when you're executing code defined in class B. Thus, when self is of type D, super(B,self) does not have and MRO of (A,), but (C,A). Therefore, super(B,self).__init__() invokes C.__init__. Carl Banks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: What are super()'s semantics?
Le lundi 04 septembre 2006 12:25, Mike Krell a écrit : 1. The super() call in D somehow invokes both parent class methods instead of stopping when the method is resolved in B. This has nothing to do with truncated lookup per se. Why isn't the output D B A? Yes but, super(B, B()) and super(B,D()) are not the same object like the code below shows. 2. If I understand correctly, B's MRO is (B, A) and super(B, self) would have an MRO of (A). Similarly for C. So it seems that by the above explanation, A.met() would still be invoked twice (assuming both B.met() and C.met() are invoked). super(class_, self), is an instance of super, so its class, super, have a mro of [type 'super', type 'object'] self in each method call is the same and indeed its type's mro doesn't change ! -- In [80]: class A(object) : : def sup(self) : : print 'A' : : In [81]: class B(A) : : def sup(self) : : print 'B' : s(B, self).sup() : : In [82]: class C(A) : : def sup(self) : : print 'C' : s(C, self).sup() : : In [83]: class D(B,C) : : def sup(self) : : print 'D' : s(D, self).sup() : : In [97]: class s(super) : : def __new__(*a) : : print a : return super.__new__(*a) : : In [98]: D().sup() D (class '__main__.s', class '__main__.D', __main__.D object at 0xa763186c) B (class '__main__.s', class '__main__.B', __main__.D object at 0xa763186c) --- instance is always the same !! C (class '__main__.s', class '__main__.C', __main__.D object at 0xa763186c) --- instance is always the same !! A In [100]: super(B, D()).sup() C (class '__main__.s', class '__main__.C', __main__.D object at 0xa763178c) A This shows that C is called following the mro of type(D()) from class B to top and not the mro of B. All the magic is in the __getattribute__ of super which retrieve the following class in the mro given its argument. In [140]: class A(object) : .: def sup(self) : print 'a' .: .: In [141]: class B(A) : .: def sup(self) : print 'b' .: .: In [142]: class C(A) : .: def sup(self) : print 'c' .: .: In [143]: class D(B,C) : pass .: In [147]: super.__getattribute__(super(D,D()), 'sup')() b In [148]: super.__getattribute__(super(B,D()), 'sup')() c In [149]: super.__getattribute__(super(C,D()), 'sup')() a Hope this is clear. _ Maric Michaud _ Aristote - www.aristote.info 3 place des tapis 69004 Lyon Tel: +33 426 880 097 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: What are super()'s semantics?
Le lundi 04 septembre 2006 13:48, Carl Banks a écrit : Essentially, it's objects that have MROs, not classes. Wrong, __mro__ is an attribute of types (subtypes of type) but like __class__ it is not available in the instances. mro() is standard a method of type. In [150]: A.mro() Out[150]: [class '__main__.A', type 'object'] In [152]: A().mro() --- exceptions.AttributeErrorTraceback (most recent call last) /home/maric/ipython console AttributeError: 'A' object has no attribute 'mro' In [154]: type.mro(A) Out[154]: [class '__main__.A', type 'object'] -- _ Maric Michaud _ Aristote - www.aristote.info 3 place des tapis 69004 Lyon Tel: +33 426 880 097 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: upgrade 2.4 - 2.5 HowTo
Helmut Jarausch schrieb: Hi, what has to be done for upgrading from Python 2.4 to 2.5? - How can I find out which packages (in addition to the core packages) have been installed up to now - Can I just copy /usr/local/lib/python2.4/site-packages to /usr/local/lib/python2.5 ? Many thanks for a hint, Which OS? Windows: control panel / software will list all python packages which came with separate installers. Linux: the package manager of your distribution should tell you what's installed. -- Dr. Sibylle Koczian Universitaetsbibliothek, Abt. Naturwiss. D-86135 Augsburg e-mail : [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
modbus
Is anyone using python for modbus? I would like to communicate with some modbus devices - I can use pyserial and follw the protocol, just wondering if anybody has already done this? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python-database
Cliff On Sun, 2006-09-03 at 21:30 -0700, sridhar wrote: is there any way to call stored procedures from python as in java? Cliff I mostly use PostgreSQL, so perhaps it's different for some other Cliff databases, but calling stored procedures doesn't require any Cliff special support from the language or driver. Usually you simply Cliff SELECT from the stored procedure. In a stored procedure you can execute multiple SELECTs. On the receiving end you need some way to distinguish each result set. Skip -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
are there any lib for receive hotmail ?
thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Better way to replace/remove characters in a list of strings.
Thanks, thats exactly what I was looking for - very neat.
George Sakkis wrote:
Philipp Pagel wrote:
Chris Brat [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Is there a better way to replace/remove characters (specifically ' and
characters in my case, but it could be anything) in strings in a
list, than this example to replace 'a' with 'b':
x = map(lambda foo: foo.replace('a', 'b'), x)
Or more pythonically:
x = [s.replace('a', 'b') for s in x]
George
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This seems to crash my program and gives me errors on the #include statements
I was trying to add this to my project but I must be missing some
includes or there is a serius error somewhere
Anthra Norell wrote:
Dexter,
Here's a function that screens out all instrument blocks and puts them into a
dictionary keyed on the instrument number:
def get_instruments (file_name):
INSIDE = 1
OUTSIDE = 0
f = file (file_name, 'ra')
state = OUTSIDE
instruments = {}
instrument_segment = ''
for line in f:
if state == OUTSIDE:
if line.startswith ('CsInstruments'):
state = INSIDE
instrument_segment += line
else:
instrument_segment += line
if line.lstrip ().startswith ('instr'):
instrument_number = line.split () [1]
elif line.startswith ('/CsInstruments'):
instruments [instrument_number] = instrument_segment
instrument_segment = ''
state = OUTSIDE
f.close ()
return instruments
You have received good advice on using parsers: beautiful soup or
pyparse. These are powerful tools capable of doing complicated
extractions. Yours is not a complicated extraction. Simon tried it with
beautiful soup. That seems simple enough, though he finds
the data by index leaving open where he gets the index from. There's surely a
way to get the data by name.
Contrary to the parser the function will miss if tags take liberties
with upper-lower case letters as they are probably
allowed by the specification. A regular expression might have to be used, if
they do.
From your description I haven't been able to infer what the final format
of your data is supposed to be. So I cannot tell you
how to go on from here. You'll find out. If not, just keep asking.
The SE solution which you said couldn't work out would be the following. It
makes the same dictionary the function makes and it is
case-insensitive:
Instrument_Segment_Filter = SE.SE ('EAT
~(?i)CsInstruments(.|\n)*?/CsInstruments~==\n\n ')
instrument_segments= Instrument_Segment_Filter ('file_name', '')
print instrument_segments
(... see all instrument segments ...)
Instrument_Number = SE.SE ('EAT ~instr.*~==\n')
instruments ={}
for segment in instrument_segments.split ('\n\n'):
if segment:
instr_line = Instrument_Number (segment)
instrument_number = instr_line.split ()[1]
instruments [instrument_number] = segment
--
(If you're on Windows and the CRs bother you, take them out with an
additional definition when you make your
Instrument_Block_Filter: (13)= or \r=)
Regards
Frederic
- Original Message -
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Wednesday, August 30, 2006 1:51 AM
Subject: Re: newbe question about removing items from one file to another file
Anthra Norell wrote:
Dexter,
I looked at the format specification. It contains an example:
---
CsoundSynthesizer;
; test.csd - a Csound structured data file
CsOptions
-W -d -o tone.wav
/CsOptions
...
etc.
I cut and pasted this.. It seems to be crashing my program.. I am not
sure that I have all the right imports.. seems to be fine when I go to
an older version of the file... I uploaded it onto source forge.
https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=156455package...
http://www.dexrow.com
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methods and functions, instances and classes
When I create an instance of a class, are the class's functions *copied* to create the methods? Or are method calls actually calls of the class's functions? I am sure this is both obvious and FAQ, but I did not find a clear answer (e.g. here http://docs.python.org/tut/node11.html#SECTION001134 , a lot turns on the meaning of 'equivalent'.) Thank you, Alan Isaac -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Unicode characters
Hi I have a string which I convert into a list then read through it printing its glyph and numeric representation #-*- coding: utf-8 -*- thestring = abcd thelist = list(thestring) for c in thelist: print c, print ord(c) Works fine for latin characters but when I put in a unicode character a two byte character gives me two characters. For example an arabic alef returns * 216 * 167 ( the first asterix is the empty set symbol the second a double s) Putting in sequential characters i.e. alef, beh, teh mabuta, gives me sequential listings i.e. 216 167 216 168 216 169 So it is reading the correct details. Is there anyway to get the c in the for loop to recognise it is reading a multiple byte character. I have followed the info in PEP 0263 and am using Python 2.4.3 Build 12 on a Windows box within Eclipse 3.2.0 and Python plugins 1.2.2 Cheers Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: methods and functions, instances and classes
David Isaac wrote: When I create an instance of a class, are the class's functions *copied* to create the methods? Or are method calls actually calls of the class's functions? On the class functions. You can make every instance have it's own methods, though - but only explicitly. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: upgrade 2.4 - 2.5 HowTo
Sibylle Koczian wrote: Helmut Jarausch schrieb: Hi, what has to be done for upgrading from Python 2.4 to 2.5? - How can I find out which packages (in addition to the core packages) have been installed up to now - Can I just copy /usr/local/lib/python2.4/site-packages to /usr/local/lib/python2.5 ? Many thanks for a hint, Which OS? Windows: control panel / software will list all python packages which came with separate installers. Linux: the package manager of your distribution should tell you what's installed. It's Linux. Thanks, but I don't have a package manager. I'm working with Linux-From-Scratch. -- Helmut Jarausch Lehrstuhl fuer Numerische Mathematik RWTH - Aachen University D 52056 Aachen, Germany -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
replace deepest level of nested list
I have a list of lists, N+1 deep. Like this (for N=2): [[['r00','g00','b00'],['r01','g01','b01']],[['r10','g10','b10'],['r11','g11' ,'b11']]] I want to efficiently produce the same structure except that the utlimate lists are replaced by a chosen (by index) item. E.g., [['r00','r01'],['r10','r11']] N is not known ahead of time. Suggestions? Thanks, Alan Isaac -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: methods and functions, instances and classes
When I create an instance of a class, are the class's functions *copied* to create the methods? Or are method calls actually calls of the class's functions? I am sure this is both obvious and FAQ, but I did not find a clear answer The best way to find out is to try it: ### class Foo(object): def hello(self): return Foo::hello f1 = Foo() print f1.hello() Foo.hello = lambda self: new hello! print f1.hello() ### From what I see of this evidence, method calls [are] actually calls of the class's functions, not copied. -tkc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: This seems to crash my program and gives me errors on the #include statements
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I was trying to add this to my project but I must be missing some includes or there is a serius error somewhere [...] I cut and pasted this.. It seems to be crashing my program.. I am not sure that I have all the right imports.. seems to be fine when I go to an older version of the file... I uploaded it onto source forge. https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=156455package... http://www.dexrow.com Nobody, or very few people, are going to bother to download code from sourceforge just to help you debug it. As far as I can see you haven't yet explained *how* your program fails: does it give a Python error traceback (in which case we would need to see that traceback, which will at least tell us where the error occurs) or something else? A serious error tells us effectively nothing except that your program isn't doing what you want it to do, so even reading the source probably won't help. Have you tried reproducing the serious error in a smaller program that you could include as a part of a posting on this list? You are hiding the very information that is needed to help you solve your problem. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC/Ltd http://www.holdenweb.com Skype: holdenweb http://holdenweb.blogspot.com Recent Ramblings http://del.icio.us/steve.holden -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Unicode characters
On 9/4/06, Paul Johnston [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi I have a string which I convert into a list then read through it printing its glyph and numeric representation #-*- coding: utf-8 -*- thestring = abcd thelist = list(thestring) for c in thelist: print c, print ord(c) Works fine for latin characters but when I put in a unicode character a two byte character gives me two characters. For example an arabic alef returns * 216 * 167 ( the first asterix is the empty set symbol the second a double s) Putting in sequential characters i.e. alef, beh, teh mabuta, gives me sequential listings i.e. 216 167 216 168 216 169 So it is reading the correct details. Is there anyway to get the c in the for loop to recognise it is reading a multiple byte character. I have followed the info in PEP 0263 and am using Python 2.4.3 Build 12 on a Windows box within Eclipse 3.2.0 and Python plugins 1.2.2 If the string is not a unicode, it's be encoded in byte, so you can only get the every character encoding of the string. You can conver it to unicode, and if the character value less than 127, it should be an ascii, otherwise maybe a multibytes character. for example: a = 'string' b = unicode(a, encoding_according_your_situation) for i in b: if ord(i) 127: print ord(i), 'ascii' else: print ord(i), 'multibytes' -- I like python! My Blog: http://www.donews.net/limodou UliPad Site: http://wiki.woodpecker.org.cn/moin/UliPad UliPad Maillist: http://groups.google.com/group/ulipad -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Unicode characters
Paul Johnston wrote: Hi I have a string which I convert into a list then read through it printing its glyph and numeric representation #-*- coding: utf-8 -*- thestring = abcd thelist = list(thestring) for c in thelist: print c, print ord(c) Works fine for latin characters but when I put in a unicode character a two byte character gives me two characters. For example an arabic alef returns * 216 * 167 ( the first asterix is the empty set symbol the second a double s) Putting in sequential characters i.e. alef, beh, teh mabuta, gives me sequential listings i.e. 216 167 216 168 216 169 So it is reading the correct details. Is there anyway to get the c in the for loop to recognise it is reading a multiple byte character. I have followed the info in PEP 0263 and am using Python 2.4.3 Build 12 on a Windows box within Eclipse 3.2.0 and Python plugins 1.2.2 Use unicode objects instead of byte strings. The above string literal is _not_ affected by the coding:-header whatsoever. That applies only to usome text literals, and makes them a unicode object. The normal string literals are just bytes - because of your encoding being properly set in the editor, an entered multibyte-character is stored as such. In a nutshell: try the above using uabcd. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Setting custom folder icon in OS X?
Jet Jaguar wrote: I'm trying to find a way to set a custom folder icon in OS X. I thought that Applescript would be able to do it, but apparently it can't. Is there anything in the Macintosh libraries of Python that will allow me to take an image file (e.g., jpeg, png, tiff, etc.) and set it as the icon for a folder? Kevin D. Smith There might be a way to do this via PyObjC (the Python-Objective C bridge), which provides access to the Mac's Cocoa frameworks. -- Kevin Walzer Poetic Code http://www.kevin-walzer.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
threading support in python
Hi all, Is there any PEP to introduce true threading features into python's next version as in java? i mean without having GIL. when compared to other languages, python is fun to code but i feel its is lacking behind in threading regards, KM -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Twisted vs POS (Plain-old sockets)
Guido Goldstein wrote: You might have a look at asyncore/asychat in the standard library. It does the async stuff for you and it's easy to understand and to use. or Allegra might work http://laurentszyster.be/blog/allegra/ its anti-twisted melodrama comes at no extra charge. i. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: methods and functions, instances and classes
Alan Isaac wrote: When I create an instance of a class, are the class's functions *copied* to create the methods? Or are method calls actually calls of the class's functions? Diez B. Roggisch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On the class functions. You can make every instance have it's own methods, though - but only explicitly. Could you please elaborate on that last sentence? Thanks, Alan Isaac -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: threading support in python
Hi, GIL won't go. You might want to read http://blog.ianbicking.org/gil-of-doom.html . Regards, -Justin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: This seems to crash my program and gives me errors on the #include statements
It is giving errors on the import statements.. I will get an error on the line where I import this routine import csoundroutines and then the when I import the the program that tried to import csoundroutines I get an error and on down the chain.. when I go back to where I started in csoundroutines all the import errors go away.. I can't tell if thier is a problem with se.py that starts all the errors or if I am not getting all the right import statements... There is a short file on sourceforge that gives the csoundroutines library I am trying to debug and expand.. https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=156455package Steve Holden wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I was trying to add this to my project but I must be missing some includes or there is a serius error somewhere [...] I cut and pasted this.. It seems to be crashing my program.. I am not sure that I have all the right imports.. seems to be fine when I go to an older version of the file... I uploaded it onto source forge. https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=156455package... http://www.dexrow.com Nobody, or very few people, are going to bother to download code from sourceforge just to help you debug it. As far as I can see you haven't yet explained *how* your program fails: does it give a Python error traceback (in which case we would need to see that traceback, which will at least tell us where the error occurs) or something else? A serious error tells us effectively nothing except that your program isn't doing what you want it to do, so even reading the source probably won't help. Have you tried reproducing the serious error in a smaller program that you could include as a part of a posting on this list? You are hiding the very information that is needed to help you solve your problem. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC/Ltd http://www.holdenweb.com Skype: holdenweb http://holdenweb.blogspot.com Recent Ramblings http://del.icio.us/steve.holden -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: replace deepest level of nested list
David Isaac wrote: I have a list of lists, N+1 deep. Like this (for N=2): [[['r00','g00','b00'],['r01','g01','b01']],[['r10','g10','b10'],['r11','g11' ,'b11']]] I want to efficiently produce the same structure except that the utlimate lists are replaced by a chosen (by index) item. E.g., [['r00','r01'],['r10','r11']] N is not known ahead of time. Suggestions? Thanks, Alan Isaac Numeric/Numpy is ideal for this: from Numeric import array def slicelist(nestedlist,index): a = array(nestedlist,'O') # return the slice a[:,:,...,:,index] fullindex = [slice(None)] * len(a.shape) fullindex[-1] = index return a[fullindex].tolist() George -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: replace deepest level of nested list
David Isaac wrote: I have a list of lists, N+1 deep. Like this (for N=2): [[['r00','g00','b00'],['r01','g01','b01']],[['r10','g10','b10'],['r11','g11' ,'b11']]] I want to efficiently produce the same structure except that the utlimate lists are replaced by a chosen (by index) item. E.g., [['r00','r01'],['r10','r11']] N is not known ahead of time. First thing I came up with: l = [[['r00','g00','b00'],['r01','g01','b01']],[['r10','g10','b10'],['r11','g11','b11']]] def get_deepest(l, n): ... if isinstance(l[0], list): ... return [get_deepest(s, n) for s in l] ... else: ... return l[n] ... get_deepest(l, 0) [['r00', 'r01'], ['r10', 'r11']] get_deepest(l, 1) [['g00', 'g01'], ['g10', 'g11']] n is the chosen index. HTH. -- Roberto Bonvallet -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: This seems to crash my program and gives me errors on the #include statements
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: It is giving errors on the import statements.. I will get an error on the line where I import this routine import csoundroutines and then the when I import the the program that tried to import csoundroutines I get an error and on down the chain.. Please paste here the errors you get, and paste also the relevant code (not the whole program) that triggers that error. -- Roberto Bonvallet -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python newbie with a problem writing files
limodou wrote:
Code:
import feedparser
from xml.sax import saxutils
feed_number=200
feed_list = open(feed_listing.conf,r)
for each_feed in feed_list:
data=feedparser.parse(each_feed)
feed_title=data.entries[0].title
xml_output=open(xml_data\\feed + str(feed_number) + .xml, w)
Maybe there is a extra '=', if it should be:
xml_output.write(feed_title)
?
It took me a few moments to parse what limodou wrote here, but he's
absolutely correct. Your problem is that you are trying to reassign
the write method in your file. File objects are built-in types, and do
not allow their methods to be calvaliery replaced.
Here's an example on the correct way (and your way) of writing to a
file:
f = open('spam.xml', 'w')
f.write( 'This data is written to the file' )
f.write = (This is not a valid Python syntax)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in ?
AttributeError: 'file' object attribute 'write' is read-only
You'll notice that the AttributeError describes exactly what's wrong in
this case. The write method on your file attribute is read-only. It
doesn't say anything about whether your file is read-only.
If you really, really want to change the write method into a string,
you can subclass from the file class:
class MyFileType(file):
... pass
...
myfile = MyFileType('spam_and_eggs.xml', 'w')
myfile.write
built-in method write of MyFileType object at 0x00870B88
myfile.write = Gonna replace write method with this string!
myfile.write
'Gonna replace write method with this string!'
Of course, you can no longer easily access the original write method
after re-assigning it like that.
(limodou, I thought this might need a little bit of extra explanation
for the original poster. I apologize if I seem rude here.)
--Jason
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Re: replace deepest level of nested list
Thanks to both Roberto and George. I had considered the recursive solution but was worried about its efficiency. I had not seen how to implement the numpy solution, which looks pretty nice. Thanks! Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: threading support in python
Hi all, Are there any alternate ways of attaining true threading in python ? if GIL doesnt go then does it mean that python is useless for computation intensive scientific applications which are in need of parallelization in threading context ? regards, KM --- On 4 Sep 2006 07:58:00 -0700, bayerj [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, GIL won't go. You might want to read http://blog.ianbicking.org/gil-of-doom.html . Regards, -Justin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: This seems to crash my program and gives me errors on the #include statements
#import se # se available at http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/SE/2.2%20beta looks like it is the se beta.. I didn't get any kind of error or traceback that would tell me that though.. Roberto Bonvallet wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: It is giving errors on the import statements.. I will get an error on the line where I import this routine import csoundroutines and then the when I import the the program that tried to import csoundroutines I get an error and on down the chain.. Please paste here the errors you get, and paste also the relevant code (not the whole program) that triggers that error. -- Roberto Bonvallet -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: are there any lib for receive hotmail ?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] thanks. poplib -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: threading support in python
Hi, You might want to split your calculation onto different worker-processes. Then you can use POSH [1] to share data and objects. You might even want to go a step further and share the data via Sockets/XML-RPC or something like that. That makes it easy to throw aditional boxes at a specific calculation, because it can be set up in about no time. You can even use Twisted Spread [2] and its perspective broker to do this on a higher level. If that's not what you want, you are left with Java I guess. Regards, -Justin [1] http://poshmodule.sourceforge.net/ [2] http://twistedmatrix.com/projects/core/documentation/howto/pb.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: threading support in python
km [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] if GIL doesnt go then does it mean that python is useless for computation intensive scientific applications which are in need of parallelization in threading context ? No. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: threading support in python
km enlightened us with: Is there any PEP to introduce true threading features into python's next version as in java? i mean without having GIL. What is GIL? Except for the Dutch word for SCREAM that is... when compared to other languages, python is fun to code but i feel its is lacking behind in threading What's wrong with the current threading? AFAIK it's directly linked to the threading of the underlying platform. Sybren -- Sybren Stüvel Stüvel IT - http://www.stuvel.eu/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: threading support in python
On Mon, 4 Sep 2006 17:48:14 +0200, Sybren Stuvel [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: km enlightened us with: Is there any PEP to introduce true threading features into python's next version as in java? i mean without having GIL. What is GIL? Except for the Dutch word for SCREAM that is... when compared to other languages, python is fun to code but i feel its is lacking behind in threading What's wrong with the current threading? AFAIK it's directly linked to the threading of the underlying platform. Only one thread per process can execute Python bytecode, even on an SMP system. The main bytecode eval loop is protected by a lock, the Global Interpreter Lock. This doesn't prevent certain operations from being parallelized. For example, many of the I/O calls in Python release the GIL so that while they are blocked on the network or the disk, another thread can continue to execute. Extension modules which perform computationally intensive tasks can also release the GIL to allow better exploitation of SMP resources. Jean-Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Manipulating GIF image frames w/ PIL - where'd my palette go?
I'm unclear how PIL handles multi-frame GIF images. I have such a GIF image in a file, bogus.gif. I can view the individual frames like so (ImageSequence is from the PIL tutorial): img = Image.open(bogus.gif) for frame in ImageSequence(img): ... frame.show() All but the first image appears black-and-white. They apparently lose the color palette associated with the overall image. The palette for the original image and the individual frames is the same, the histograms suggest they have more than two colors and both the image the frames have mode 'P'. What have I missed? Thx, Skip -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: SQLObject or SQLAlchemy?
lazaridis_com wrote:
Ο/Η Bruno Desthuilliers έγραψε:
lazaridis_com wrote:
John Salerno wrote:
Are there any major differences between these two? It seems they can
both be used with TurboGears, and SQLAlchemy with Django. I'm just
wondering what everyone's preference is, and why, and if there are even
more choices for ORM.
Thanks.
You can review the Persit Case, which will shortly evaluate the stated
ORM's:
http://case.lazaridis.com/wiki/Persist
It is possibly of importance to remember some requirements which should
be relevant for an persistency mechanism targetting an OO language:
RDBMS are not persistency mechanism, they are data management tools.
possibly.
but this is not relevant, as the Persist case does not deal with
RDBMS.
Then your post is irrelevant since there's a clear indication that the
OP question was about RDBMS integration in Python (hint: SQLObject and
SQLAlchemy both start with 'SQL').
good night.
--
bruno desthuilliers
python -c print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'.split('@')])
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Re: threading support in python
Sybren Stuvel wrote: km enlightened us with: Is there any PEP to introduce true threading features into python's next version as in java? i mean without having GIL. What is GIL? Except for the Dutch word for SCREAM that is... the global interpreter lock, that prevents python from concurrently modifying internal structures causing segfaults. when compared to other languages, python is fun to code but i feel its is lacking behind in threading What's wrong with the current threading? AFAIK it's directly linked to the threading of the underlying platform. There exist rare cases (see the link from bayerj) where the GIL is an annoyance, and with the dawn of MP-cores all over the place it might be considered a good idea removing it - maybe. But I doubt that is something to be considered for py2.x Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
py2exe and libxml
I wrote a little win32 console application that uses libxml2. It is working fine. If I create an .exe version, I get this error when I try to start the program: Traceback (most recent call last): File MyProgram.py, line 3, in ? File mylib\item.pyc, line 5, in ? ImportError: dynamic module does not define init function (initlibxml2) What is wrong here? Thanks Laszlo -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: threading support in python
The trouble is there are some environments where you are forced to use threads. Apache and mod_python are an example. You can't make use of mutliple CPUs unless you're on *nux and run with multiple processes AND you're application doesn't store large amounts of data in memory (which mine does) so you'd have to physically double the computer's memory for a daul-core, or quadruple it for a quadcore. And forget about running a windows server, apache will not even run with multiple processes. In years to come this will be more of an issue because single core CPUs will be harder to come by, you'll be throwing away half of every CPU you buy. -Sandra -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Prevent self being passed to a function stored as a member variable?
How can you prevent self from being passed to a function stored as a member variable? class Foo(object): def __init__(self, callback): self.func = callback f =Foo(lambda x: x) f.func(1) # TypeError, func expects 1 argument, recieved 2 I thought maybe you could do this: class Foo(object): def __init__(self, callback): self.func = staticmethod(callback) # Error, staticmethod not callable Somebody (maybe everybody other than myself) here must know? Thanks, -Sandra -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Prevent self being passed to a function stored as a member variable?
On 4 Sep 2006 09:39:32 -0700, Sandra-24 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: How can you prevent self from being passed to a function stored as a member variable? class Foo(object): def __init__(self, callback): self.func = callback f =Foo(lambda x: x) f.func(1) # TypeError, func expects 1 argument, recieved 2 Do you really get that error? I got the following in my python shell: . class Foo(object): def __init__(self, callback): self.func = callback . f = Foo(lambda x: x) . f.func(1) 1 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Prevent self being passed to a function stored as a member variable?
On 4 Sep 2006 09:39:32 -0700, Sandra-24 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: How can you prevent self from being passed to a function stored as a member variable? This doesn't happen: class x: ... def __init__(self): ... self.x = lambda: None ... x().x() class y(object): ... def __init__(self): ... self.y = lambda: None ... y().y() Perhaps you confused this case with the case of a function which is a class attribute? z().z() Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in ? TypeError: lambda() takes no arguments (1 given) In which case, staticmethod() is actually the solution you want: class w(object): ... w = staticmethod(lambda: None) ... w().w() Jean-Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: threading support in python
km wrote: Is there any PEP to introduce true threading features into python's next version as in java? i mean without having GIL. when compared to other languages, python is fun to code but i feel its is lacking behind in threading Some of the technical problems: - probably breaks compatibility of extensions at the source level in a big way, although this might be handled by SWIG, boost and other code generators - reference counting will have to be synchronized, which means that Python will become slower - removing reference counting and relying on garbage collection alone will break many Python applications (because they rely on files being closed at end of scope etc.) Daniel -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Using Content-Disposition in HTTP download
What is the correct way to download a file through HTTP and save it to the file name suggested by Content-Disposition? I would use urlretrieve but I'm not sure how to obtain the file name through the HTTP headers without downloading the body (e.g. urlopen(url).info()). -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: methods and functions, instances and classes
David Isaac wrote:
When I create an instance of a class,
are the class's functions *copied* to create the methods?
No, unless you explicitely do it.
Or are method calls actually calls of the class's functions?
Depends on how the method was associated to the instance (you can set
methods on a per-instance property), but in the general case (functions
defined in the class body), yes.
I am sure this is both obvious
I once had the same question when I was learning computers and programming.
and FAQ,
Not AFAIK.
but I did not find a clear answer
(e.g. here
http://docs.python.org/tut/node11.html#SECTION001134 ,
a lot turns on the meaning of 'equivalent'.)
If the name denotes a valid class attribute that
is a function object, a method object is created by packing (pointers
to) the instance object and the function object just found together in
an abstract object: this is the method object. When the method object is
called with an argument list, it is unpacked again, a new argument list
is constructed from the instance object and the original argument list,
and the function object is called with this new argument list.
IOW, a method object is a callable object keeping references to both the
instance and the function (note the (pointers to) ... the function
object).
You could represent yourself the method as something like:
class Method(object):
def __init__(self, im_func, im_self):
self.im_self = obj
self.im_func = func
def __call__(self, *args, **kw):
return self.im_func(self.im_self, *args, **kw)
Now suppose that the 'function' type definition (yes, Python functions
are objects) looks a bit like this:
class function(object):
. . .
def __get__(self, obj):
return Method(self, obj)
And that looking up an attribute on an instance looks like this (dumbed
down of course):
def __getattribute__(self, name):
if name in self.__dict__:
return self.__dict__[name]
elif hasattr(self.__class__, name)
attrib = getattr(self.__class__, name)
if hasattr(attrib, '__get__'):
return attrib.__get__(self)
else:
return attrib
else:
raise AttributeError(object %s has no attribute %s % (self, name)
Then for :
class Foo(object):
def bar(self, val):
return %s %s % (self, val)
foo = Foo()
Looking up 'bar' on 'foo':
bar = foo.bar
would resolve, thru __getattribute__ etc, to:
bar = Method(Foo.bar, foo)
Which, if then called, would resolve to
Foo.bar(foo, 42)
NB : reading the doc about new-style classes and the descriptor protocol
may help:
http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2.3/descrintro/
http://users.rcn.com/python/download/Descriptor.htm
HTH
--
bruno desthuilliers
python -c print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'.split('@')])
--
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Re: Prevent self being passed to a function stored as a member variable?
Qiangning Hong wrote: Do you really get that error? Sorry, my bad. You're correct of course. I had accidentally passed an object, by naming it the same as the function, instead of my function, and the object had __call__ defined, and took exactly two parameters, just like my function, but one of them beign self. So when I passed two arguments, it got three, and that's how I was confused into thinking self was being passed to my function (because it was, but not to my function.) All a big foulup on my part. I might have worked on that problem for a while before figuring it out, thanks! -Sandra -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Where to find fpconst?
I'm trying to install SOAPpy per the instructions on Dive Into Python (http://diveintopython.org/soap_web_services/install.html). I've got PyXML installed, but I'm stuck trying to find fpconst. The URL given on the DIP page doesn't work; www.analytics.washington.edu doesn't resolve in DNS. Likewise for http://software.biostat.washington.edu/statsoft/snake/fpconst I found another URL, http://research.warnes.net/projects/rzope/fpconst, but that doesn't work either (I get a proxy error). Anybody know where I can find fpconst? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Test for number?
In the following code I would like to ascertain
that x has/is a number. What the simplest TEST should be?
(Could not find good example yet.)
---
x=raw_input('\nType a number from 1 to 20')
if TEST :
Do_A
else:
Do_B
---
Thanks for any guidance.
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Re: Where to find fpconst?
Anybody know where I can find fpconst? I uploaded the lastest copy I could find to the Cheese Shop (http://www.python.org/pypi/fpconst/). I'm not affiliated in any way with fpconst, btw. Rob -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Where to find fpconst?
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Rob De Almeida [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: http://www.python.org/pypi/fpconst/ Thanks! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Web queries in Python
Hi, Excel uses web queries to read data (like financial/weather data) from web. How to do the same in python? Even pointers to such would be of help. Thank you, Joseph -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Test for number?
On 04/09/06, Dr. Pastor [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
In the following code I would like to ascertain
that x has/is a number. What the simplest TEST should be?
(Could not find good example yet.)
---
x=raw_input('\nType a number from 1 to 20')
if TEST :
Do_A
else:
Do_B
---
Something simple like the following might help,
def numtest():
... x=raw_input('\nType a number from 1 to 20')
... try:
... x=int(x)
... print x, is a number between 1 20
... except:
... print x, is not a number
...
numtest() # enter 1
1 is a number between 1 20
numtest() # enter f
f is not a number
its not a final solution though, think input = -2, 5.5 or 21
HTH :)
--
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Re: Twisted vs POS (Plain-old sockets)
On 9/3/06, Jean-Paul Calderone [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Sun, 3 Sep 2006 00:19:17 -0700, Darren Kirby [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hey all, I have a (FOSS) project here that I am about to start that requires TCP networking support, and in fact, will require me to design and implement a (text based) protocol from scratch. I'm sorry. Don't be sorry, I am doing this for fun and to learn... If there are features you don't need, then don't use them. What does their existence cost you? Are you going to use the sunaudio module from the standard library? If not, is this an argument in favor of using C++ instead of Python? Well, the question I have is if it is worth digging through all the complexity (in the code itself and docs) for the few nuggets I do need... I am well aware I do not need to use everything... As for documentation, many people say it is lacking, but perhaps one person in a thousand points out _how_ or _where_ it is lacking. Unfortunately it is difficult to improve things (or even determine if they really are lacking) with this level of feedback. I am certainly not trying to dump on twisted. As for what is lacking, the many methods I looked up that say simply Not Documented would be the biggest problem Keep in mind that in addition to the online documentation, there is a Twisted book, an extremely helpful twisted mailing list (with years of archives online), and an IRC channel populated at nearly all hours of the day with people who can answer Twisted questions. I am aware of the book, and if I decide to go the twisted route I would certainly purchase it. However, not that I am overly swayed by amazon reviews, but the consistent majority of them have said that the book is big on specifics (as in, explaining the example code and not much else), and small on the 'big-picture' so to speak. If this is true I might as well stay with the docs. Talking to the TCP/IP stack is surprisingly difficult to get right. Since it is extremely unlikely that you actually _care_ about all of the random, stupid differences between different TCP implementations, you should use Twisted, since it does its best to hide these differences and instead present a uniform API. Fair enough... If you use bare sockets, you will need to learn many of these quirks yourself, frequently through a bug report from a user, since many of them are undocumented. True, though keep in mind this is as much of a learning exercise for me as it is to get an app out the door quick. Twisted is great. It will speed up your development time and reduce the amount of defects you need to deal with. It will OK, I will stick with twisted and see if I can't figure it out, and perhaps play with asyncore and see for myself what will work. Please note I was really just looking for some anecdotes from experienced programmers that may have found themselves in my situation, and the solutions they chose... Hope this helps, Sure it did, thanks for taking the time to respond, also thanks to Guido and Istvan, Jean-Paul -d -- darren kirby :: Part of the problem since 1976 :: http://badcomputer.org ...the number of UNIX installations has grown to 10, with more expected... - Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson, June 1972 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: threading support in python
Daniel Dittmar wrote in news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] in comp.lang.python: - removing reference counting and relying on garbage collection alone will break many Python applications (because they rely on files being closed at end of scope etc.) They are already broken on at least 2 python implementations, so why worry about another one. Rob. -- http://www.victim-prime.dsl.pipex.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Test for number?
Tim Williams wrote:
On 04/09/06, Dr. Pastor [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
In the following code I would like to ascertain
that x has/is a number. What the simplest TEST should be?
(Could not find good example yet.)
---
x=raw_input('\nType a number from 1 to 20')
if TEST :
Do_A
else:
Do_B
---
Something simple like the following might help,
def numtest():
... x=raw_input('\nType a number from 1 to 20')
... try:
... x=int(x)
... print x, is a number between 1 20
... except:
... print x, is not a number
...
numtest() # enter 1
1 is a number between 1 20
numtest() # enter f
f is not a number
its not a final solution though, think input = -2, 5.5 or 21
One step further
try:
eval(x+'0')
--
Helmut Jarausch
Lehrstuhl fuer Numerische Mathematik
RWTH - Aachen University
D 52056 Aachen, Germany
--
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Re: This seems to crash my program and gives me errors on the#include statements
Dexter, Whenever I can I post solutions. And when I do, I run them in an IDLE window and copy my commands plus the output over into the message. So my posting should be replicable, if you would copy the commands into your IDLE window one by one and hitting return. Please do this and copy everything in your window back into your message. If we do that it shouldn't be hard to straighten this out. Frederic - Original Message - From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Newsgroups: comp.lang.python To: python-list@python.org Sent: Monday, September 04, 2006 5:37 PM Subject: Re: This seems to crash my program and gives me errors on the#include statements #import se # se available at http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/SE/2.2%20beta looks like it is the se beta.. I didn't get any kind of error or traceback that would tell me that though.. Roberto Bonvallet wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: It is giving errors on the import statements.. I will get an error on the line where I import this routine import csoundroutines and then the when I import the the program that tried to import csoundroutines I get an error and on down the chain.. Please paste here the errors you get, and paste also the relevant code (not the whole program) that triggers that error. -- Roberto Bonvallet -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Test for number?
Helmut Jarausch wrote:
One step further
try:
eval(x+'0')
That is an exceedingly bad idea. Type:
__import__('sys').exit(),
in the prompt and see what happens.
You _never_ want to run `eval` on an untrusted string. Never.
--
Erik Max Francis [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.alcyone.com/max/
San Jose, CA, USA 37 20 N 121 53 W AIM erikmaxfrancis
Divorces are made in Heaven.
-- Oscar Wilde
--
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Re: Test for number?
Dr. Pastor wrote:
In the following code I would like to ascertain
that x has/is a number. What the simplest TEST should be?
(Could not find good example yet.)
---
x=raw_input('\nType a number from 1 to 20')
if TEST :
Do_A
else:
Do_B
---
Thanks for any guidance.
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To test if it *is* a number, the solution is pretty simple (s.isdigit()
or an int(s) in a try..except ValueError), but if you want to test if
it is or *has* a number, I think that the simplest solution would be a
regexp:
import re
re_has_digit = re.compile(r'\d+')
try:
digits = re_has_digit.findall(input)[0]
number = int(digits)
print %d is a number. % number
except IndexError:
print '%s' has no number in it. % input
I didn't try it, but it should work.
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Re: Twisted vs POS (Plain-old sockets)
On Mon, 4 Sep 2006 11:40:33 -0700, Darren Kirby [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: As for documentation, many people say it is lacking, but perhaps one person in a thousand points out _how_ or _where_ it is lacking. Unfortunately it is difficult to improve things (or even determine if they really are lacking) with this level of feedback. I am certainly not trying to dump on twisted. As for what is lacking, the many methods I looked up that say simply Not Documented would be the biggest problem I don't mind dumping :) I just prefer specific to non-specific. Hope to see you over on the Twisted list, Jean-Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: newbe question about removing items from one file to another file
- Original Message - From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Newsgroups: comp.lang.python To: python-list@python.org Sent: Monday, September 04, 2006 4:58 AM Subject: Re: newbe question about removing items from one file to another file Anthra Norell wrote: Dexter, Here's a function that screens out all instrument blocks and puts them into a dictionary keyed on the instrument number: def get_instruments (file_name): etc. CsOptions -W -d -o tone.wav /CsOptions ... etc. I cut and pasted this.. It seems to be crashing my program.. I am not sure that I have all the right imports.. seems to be fine when I go to an older version of the file... I uploaded it onto source forge. https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=156455package_id=201306release_id=444362 http://www.dexrow.com Eric (Eric or Dexer?) This thread seems to have split. So let me reiterate: please copy the output when you cut, paste and run. If you have an import problem it must be on the other side of your interface with SE, because I don't import anything and SE imports what it needs. Frederic -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Broadcast server
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Thx Alex, This is exactly what i want to look at . Async will definitely be something i will look at . Does it make sense to mix async and threaded server ( let say a threaded server accepting max 10 connections and dealing with client request asynchronously ). Does it sounds you a good design. I would spawn a worker thread only for specific jobs that cannot be done asynchronously, and would dispatch work requests to it from the main thread, and get results back, via instances of Queue.Queue. One example might be interfacing with a database which does not directly support any asynchronous operation: all work on that DB should be done by one dedicated thread that does nothing else. I have a whole chapter of the Nutshell dedicated to multiprocessing (processes and threads), and in that chapter I devote ample space (relative to the Nutshell's always tight space constraints;-) to recommending the architectures based on Queue instances that experience teaches me work best. Of course i will have a look a twisted that sounds me doing all the job ( for sure better that i can do ) . It's a well-crafted and rich framework -- in particular, it already wraps on your behalf some cases of the need for an auxiliary thread, as sketched above. On the other hand, learning in depth the bare metal on which Twisted's elegant architecture rests is a highly recommended endeavor: remember Spolsky's Law of Leaky Abstractions... ``all abstractions leak'', and thus, to use abstractions for the best, you'd better have a solid understanding of the underlying layers (I strongly believe that having designed microchips makes me a better assembly language programmer, having programmed in assembly language makes me a better C programmer, having programmed in C makes me a better Python programmer...!-). Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Syntax suggestion.
samir [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... That depends of your need to such tools. For example if you need to copy a file, then, resolve a linear system then chroot and set the password as de hexadecimal representation of the hash function of pi multiplied by the averge of the solution coordinations +_+, you'll need IPython ;) GVIM (and the normal Python interpreter) work better for me: to perform such a task, I would always write (and run) a script, of course (the purpose of the chroot step is somewhat mysterious here, btw). If I have to perform a strange and complex task once, it's likely that I will have to perform some variant of it again in the future, and having the script around will make it easy to edit and tweak. Furthermore, having the script around can be a useful indicator when I'm later trying to reconstruct exactly what it is that I did. Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: threading support in python
Sandra-24 wrote: The trouble is there are some environments where you are forced to use threads. Apache and mod_python are an example. You can't make use of mutliple CPUs unless you're on *nux and run with multiple processes AND you're application doesn't store large amounts of data in memory (which mine does) so you'd have to physically double the computer's memory for a daul-core, or quadruple it for a quadcore. You seem to be confused about the nature of multiple-process programming. If you're on a modern Unix/Linux platform and you have static read-only data, you can just read it in before forking and it'll be shared between the processes.. If it's read/write data or you're not on a Unix platform, you can use shared memory to shared it between many processes. Threads are way overused in modern multiexecution programming. The decision on whether to use processes or threads should come down to whether you want to share everything, or whether you have specific pieces of data you want to share. With processes + shm, you can gain the security of protected memory for the majority of your code + data, only sacrificing it where you need to share the data. The entire Windows programming world tends to be so biased toward multithreading that they often don't even acknowledge the existence of generally superior alternatives. I think that's in large part because historically on Windows 3.1/95/98 there was no good way to create processes without running a new binary, and so a culture of threading grew up. Even today many Windows programmers are unfamiliar with using CreateProcessEx with SectionHandle=NULL for efficient copy-on-write process creation. And forget about running a windows server, apache will not even run with multiple processes. It used to run on windows with multiple processes. If it really won't now, use an older version or contribute a fix. Now, the GIL is independent of this; if you really need threading in your situation (you share almost everything and have hugely complex data structures that are difficult to maintain in shm) then you're still going to run into GIL serialization. If you're doing a lot of work in native code extensions this may not actually be a big performance hit, if not it can be pretty bad. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Test for number?
Dr. Pastor wrote:
In the following code I would like to ascertain
that x has/is a number. What the simplest TEST should be?
(Could not find good example yet.)
---
x=raw_input('\nType a number from 1 to 20')
if TEST :
Do_A
else:
Do_B
---
Thanks for any guidance.
x=raw_input('\nType a number from 1 to 20')
try:
x = int(x)
if x1 or x20: raise ValueError()
except ValueError:
Do_B
else:
Do_A
If you want to distinguish between the two error cases (not a number vs
number not in [1,20]), handle the second one as Do_C instead of
raising ValueError.
HTH,
George
--
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building helper executables with distutils
I have a module which needs to invoke a suid helper program in order to do what it needs to do. This suid helper program needs to be built and installed at the same time as the module. Is there any way to do this with distutils? I've been looking through the documentation but haven't really found any way to do it except maybe by invoking a system call running a script to do the suid build process. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: methods and functions, instances and classes
Alan Isaac wrote: are method calls actually calls of the class's functions? Bruno Desthuilliers [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Depends on how the method was associated to the instance (you can set methods on a per-instance property), but in the general case (functions defined in the class body), yes. [much useful stuff snipped] Thanks! Alan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Test for number?
Tim Williams wrote: On 04/09/06, Dr. Pastor [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: In the following code I would like to ascertain that x has/is a number. What the simplest TEST should be? def isnumber(value): try: value/1 return true except TypeError: return false I think this works for all builtin types. Of course one could overload '/' for a non-numeric class. The best solution would be to introduce a super class base_number for int, long, float and decimal, similar to base_string for str and unicode. This would probably be not too hard to implement and surely not break old code :) Peter Maas, Aachen -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: threading support in python
[EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: If it's read/write data or you're not on a Unix platform, you can use shared memory to shared it between many processes. Threads are way overused in modern multiexecution programming. The decision on whether to use processes or threads should come down to whether you want to share everything, or whether you have specific pieces of data you want to share. Shared memory means there's a byte vector (the shared memory region) accessible to multiple processes. The processes don't use the same machine addresses to reference the vector. Any data structures (e.g. those containing pointers) shared between the processes have to be marshalled in and out of the byte vector instead of being accessed normally. Any live objects such as open sockets have to be shared some other way. It's not a matter of sharing everything; shared memory is a pain in the neck even to share a single object. These things really can be easier with threads. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Web queries in Python
Joseph wrote:
Hi,
Excel uses web queries to read data (like financial/weather data) from
web. How to do the same in python? Even pointers to such would be of
help.
[EMAIL PROTECTED] ~/hwb
$ python
Python 2.5b2 (trunk:50713, Jul 19 2006, 16:04:09)
[GCC 3.4.4 (cygming special) (gdc 0.12, using dmd 0.125)] on cygwin
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
Started with C:/Steve/.pythonrc
import urllib
f = urllib.urlopen(http://www.google.com/;)
data = f.read()
print data
htmlheadmeta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;
charset=ISO-8859
-1titleGoogle/titlestyle!--
body,td,a,p,.h{font-family:arial,sans-serif}
.h{font-size:20px}
.q{color:#00c}
--/style
[...]
a
href=/intl/en/ads/Advertisingnbsp;Programmes/a - a
href=/services/Business Solutions/a - a
href=/intl/en/about.htmlAbout Google/a - a
href=http://www.google.com/ncrGo to Google.com/a/fontpfont
size=-2copy;2006 Google/font/p/center/body/html
So that's an easy way to get hold of the raw data. Look at htmllib or
BeautifulSoup to parse it intot he structures you want.
regards
Steve
--
Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings http://del.icio.us/steve.holden
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Re: What are super()'s semantics?
Maric Michaud wrote: Le lundi 04 septembre 2006 13:48, Carl Banks a écrit : Essentially, it's objects that have MROs, not classes. Wrong, __mro__ is an attribute of types (subtypes of type) but like __class__ it is not available in the instances. mro() is standard a method of type. I agree that was misleading; I should have said something like, Type of an object never changes, therefore the MRO used for an object is fixed. BTW, __class__ is available to instances. (Were you thinking of __bases__?) Carl Banks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Linear regression in 3 dimensions
Hi Robert, I'm using the scipy package for such problems. In the submodule scipy.optimize there is an implmentation of a least-square fitting algorithm (Levenberg-Marquardt) called leastsq. You have to define a function that computes the residuals between your model and the data points: import scipy.optimize def model(parameter, x, y): a, b, c = parameter return a*x + b*y + c def residual(parameter, data, x, y): res = [] for _x in x: for _y in y: res.append(data-model(parameter,x,y) return res params0 = [1., 1.,1.] result = scipy.optimize.leastsq(resdiual, params0, (data,x,y)) fittedParams = result[0] If you haven't used numeric, numpy or scipy before, you should take a look at an introduction. It uses some nice extended array objects, where you can use some neat index tricks and compute values of array items without looping through it. Cheers! Bernhard Robert Kern wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi all, I am seeking a module that will do the equivalent of linear regression in 3D to yield a best fit a plane through a set of points (X1, Y1, Z1), (X1, Y1, Z1),... (Xn, Yn, Zn). The resulting equation to be of the form: Z = aX + bY + c The function I need would take the set of points and return a,c c Any pointers to existing code / modules would be very helpful. Well, that's a very unspecified problem. You haven't defined best. But if we make the assumption that you want to minimize the squared error in Z, that is minimize Sum((Z[i] - (a*X[i] + b*Y[i] + c)) ** 2) then this is a standard linear algebra problem. In [1]: import numpy as np In [2]: a = 1.0 In [3]: b = 2.0 In [4]: c = 3.0 In [5]: rs = np.random.RandomState(1234567890) # Specify a seed for repeatability In [6]: x = rs.uniform(size=100) In [7]: y = rs.uniform(size=100) In [8]: e = rs.standard_normal(size=100) In [9]: z = a*x + b*y + c + e In [10]: A = np.column_stack([x, y, np.ones_like(x)]) In [11]: np.linalg.lstsq? Type: function Base Class: type 'function' String Form:function lstsq at 0x6df070 Namespace: Interactive File: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/site-packages/numpy-1.0b2.dev3002-py2.4-macosx-10.4-ppc.egg/numpy/linalg/linalg.py Definition: np.linalg.lstsq(a, b, rcond=1e-10) Docstring: returns x,resids,rank,s where x minimizes 2-norm(|b - Ax|) resids is the sum square residuals rank is the rank of A s is the rank of the singular values of A in descending order If b is a matrix then x is also a matrix with corresponding columns. If the rank of A is less than the number of columns of A or greater than the number of rows, then residuals will be returned as an empty array otherwise resids = sum((b-dot(A,x)**2). Singular values less than s[0]*rcond are treated as zero. In [12]: abc, residuals, rank, s = np.linalg.lstsq(A, z) In [13]: abc Out[13]: array([ 0.93104714, 1.96780364, 3.15185125]) -- Robert Kern I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had an underlying truth. -- Umberto Eco -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: py2exe and libxml
Laszlo Nagy a écrit : I wrote a little win32 console application that uses libxml2. It is working fine. If I create an .exe version, I get this error when I try to start the program: Traceback (most recent call last): File MyProgram.py, line 3, in ? File mylib\item.pyc, line 5, in ? ImportError: dynamic module does not define init function (initlibxml2) What is wrong here? Thanks A quick Google search reveals a thread in the py2exe-users list: http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Mail/Message/py2exe-users/3180430 It seems a regression since py2exe 0.6.5, already corrected in CVS trunk. And according to another post, version 0.6.3 works fine: http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.py2exe/1502 Hope this helps, -- Amaury -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
inaccuracy in the time module
Hi, can someone explane this: from time import * timezone 18000 t=time() mktime(gmtime(t))-t 17999.680048942566 why there is a difference? -- alf -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Tkinter window focusing or selecting
I have a program with many forms (Toplevel windows with entry fields). Sometimes when I .deiconify() and .lift() a form that is a child of another form, but that just got buried under other forms it comes up 'not active' (dimmed). I have to click on the title bar (or anywhere in the window) before I can start entering stuff into the entry fields. It doesn't seem to happen all of the time, which I don't understand. Doing a .focus_set() after the .lift() fixes it, but then Tkinter loses track of which entry field the cursor was in when the window got covered up. Is there something else I should be calling after the .deiconify() and .lift() to make sure the window get 'activated' (or what ever that state is)? This is on Linux at this point. Thanks! Bob -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
