[biofuel] Hydrogen Fuel Cells Obsolete
You people never needed convincing, so consider this as just a footnote in the history of renewable energy... GM rethinks hydrogen fuel cells: http://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/2002-12-29-hybrid_x.htm Now we need to equip those hybrids as Flexible Fuel Vehicles that can burn either gasoline or ethanol, or any combination of the two fuels. http://www.ccities.doe.gov/vbg/consumers/e85.shtml Then we need a genome project to produce a saltwater seaweed with a high cellulose content, that can be used to produce unlimited supplies of ethanol, as in my essay entitled Benthic Energy, near the bottom of my Starship Generations website. http://geocities.com/womplex_oo1/StarshipGenerations.html Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] GM rethinks hydrogen fuel cells
http://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/2002-12-29-hybrid_x.htm Now we need to equip those hybrids as Flexible Fuel Vehicles that can burn either gasoline or ethanol, or any combination of the two fuels. http://www.ccities.doe.gov/vbg/consumers/e85.shtml Then we need a genome project to produce a saltwater seaweed with a high cellulose content, that can be used to produce unlimited supplies of ethanol, as in my essay entitled Benthic Energy, near the bottom of my Starship Generations website. http://geocities.com/womplex_oo1/StarshipGenerations.html Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Time Magazine features Direct Liquid Ethanol Fuel Cells
The only fuel cells that have a future on the mass market are those that use liquid fuels - since storage is impractical for gaseous fuels like hydrogen methane. The only company that I know of that is developing Direct Liquid Fuel Cells is Medis Technologies in New York (http://www.medistechnologies.com), they are making a fuel cell for portable electronics that runs on ethanol without the need for a reformer to extract hydrogen or a proton exchange membrane. Ethanol is a renewable liquid fuel made by hydrolyzing and fermenting plant matter such as wheat straw, corn stalks, sugar cane, sugar beats, wood pulp sawdust, recycled newspapers cardboard, etc.. The great thing about Medis Technologies approach is that they have a product with mass market potential, so they can earn revenue while continuing to improve their technology. In contrast, while automotive manufacturers continue to tinker with useless hydrogen-based fuel cells, they have yet to sell a single fuel cell-powered vehicle. Now Time Magazine Europe has acknowledged Direct Liquid Ethanol Fuel Cell technology. http://www.time.com/time/europe/forecast2003/html/mobile.html Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Canada signs and ratifies Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is now law in Canada. This law will help us introduce renewable fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel, which will help us survive as a civilization. Kyoto will also help reduce greenhouse gases Toronto Star Article: http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer? pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1c=Articlecid=1035775660015call _pageid=968332188492col=968793972154 Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Medis Technologies announce fuel cell advance
MEDIS TECHNOLOGIES ANNOUNCES FUEL CELL ADVANCE FOR FIRST COMMERCIAL PRODUCT 11/20/2002 NEW YORK - November 20, 2002 - Medis Technologies Ltd. (NASDAQ: MDTL) announced today that it has achieved the technical level in its fuel cell performance to provide continuous power for its first planned commercial product - a Power Pack to provide uninterrupted power to users of cell phones, PDA's and certain hand-held electronic devices. The fuel cell demonstrated sufficient power to enable a laboratory tested Power Pack unit to operate the phone while at the same time fully charging a totally discharged battery. Each refueling of the Power Pack is planned to provide the user with the equivalent of six to nine hours of talk time or over two charges of the battery depending on the pattern of use. The size of the Power Pack for the cell phone is planned to be about two-thirds the size and one-half the weight of a cell phone and can be carried by the consumer either attached to the back of the phone or separately in a pocket, briefcase or handbag. Having attained the fuel cell's power performance level required for the Power Pack for these products, Medis must now complete engineering of a finished product for the commercial market. This requires completing development of the Power Pack cartridge system which dispenses the fuel and the liquid electrolyte, completing the commercial design of the DC to DC converter, developing the ability to use the product in any orientation and engineering it in terms of shape, color and other attributes to appeal to the consumer. Medis has previously announced that it is seeking alliances with large companies both for engineering development support and production and distribution of its fuel cell products and such discussions are taking place. Medis expects the Power Pack to work in the following way: once the consumer uses the battery until it is depleted of its charging capability, he or she connects the Power Pack to the battery through the phone's existing charging port. The consumer continues to use the device - talk on the cell phone or use a PDA or other hand held device - while the Power Pack is fully recharging the battery. The Power Pack can then either remain connected to the device, maintaining the battery at constant full charge, or, be disconnected from the device and be reconnected to recharge the battery, once again, when it is depleted of its power. After the Power Pack has been used for a number of charges or hours of talk, the Power Pack, itself, will be able to be refueled in a matter of seconds by simply replacing the fuel cartridge and throwing out the old cartridge. We believe that the Medis Power Pack can present an exciting new solution to the problem of too short battery life for portable electronic devices, said Robert K. Lifton, Chairman and CEO of Medis Technologies. For years, users of cell phones, PDA's and other hand- helds have faced the frustrating problem of having the battery run out of power too soon, sometimes at particularly inopportune moments. As more functions are heaped on these devices, and the consumer is using them for longer periods of time, the inability of the battery to provide the necessary extended time is becoming an increasing source of consumer dissatisfaction. Recharging the battery presently requires being at a particular location where the electricity is available and it takes at least two hours and as much as four hours to recharge the battery during which time the device is unable to function. We consider the solutions available to consumers until now to be unsatisfying. Even if the consumer remembers slavishly to charge the battery each night and at each opportunity in an electrical connection, like a car, increased use can still cause battery failures. Moreover, tens of millions of users of cell phones, PDA's and other hand-held devices in countries like China and certain countries in South America where the cell phone has for the most part replaced telephone land-lines, have limited availability of charging sources with which to charge the phone since they may not have electricity readily available either in cars or houses. Some consumers have resorted to buying and carrying with them expensive, heavy batteries to use when the primary battery has to be charged. The Medis Power Pack will allow the user of these devices to be independent of stationery power sources. The consumer can be wireless, that is, truly free of a need for an electrical connection and able to enjoy uninterrupted power. No more worries about the battery running out of power. No more failed power as a result of forgetting or being unable to charge the phone or other device every night. No more looking desperately for a place to charge the battery. No more down time while a battery is charging. We expect the size and weight of the Power Pack to be attractive for the
[biofuel] Square Watermelons
I kid you not: all we need to do is apply selective breeding to obtain high-cellulose seaweed to get a huge feedstock of renewable ethanol fuel for transportation Farmers decorate square-shaped watermelons with ribbons before shipping them to an agricultural cooperative in Zentsuji, western Japan, on Monday June 17, 2002. The watermelons, developed to save space in refrigerators, are priced at a whopping 10,000 yen (US$80) each. Some 450 to 500 watermelons will be sent to department stores and other places in Tokyo and Osaka - for display rather than eating. http://www.strangecosmos.com/images/picturejokes/5376.jpg I wonder if they're seedless as well? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Share the magic of Harry Potter with Yahoo! Messenger http://us.click.yahoo.com/4Q_cgB/JmBFAA/46VHAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Square Watermelons
Ahem. Apparently they are not GM fruit. They are grown in glass boxes and they grow into that shape. I should have guessed since bonzai trees are similarly shaped with wire wrapped around their branches. --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], womplex_oo1 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I kid you not: all we need to do is apply selective breeding to obtain high-cellulose seaweed to get a huge feedstock of renewable ethanol fuel for transportation Farmers decorate square-shaped watermelons with ribbons before shipping them to an agricultural cooperative in Zentsuji, western Japan, on Monday June 17, 2002. The watermelons, developed to save space in refrigerators, are priced at a whopping 10,000 yen (US$80) each. Some 450 to 500 watermelons will be sent to department stores and other places in Tokyo and Osaka - for display rather than eating. http://www.strangecosmos.com/images/picturejokes/5376.jpg I wonder if they're seedless as well? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Share the magic of Harry Potter with Yahoo! Messenger http://us.click.yahoo.com/4Q_cgB/JmBFAA/46VHAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Is Ethanol Energy Efficient?
I read the reports posted on the Journey to Forever website, and they are good, but could someone provide a direct link to the US Dept of Energy report and also the report by Argonne National Laboratory? Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Is Ethanol Energy Efficient?
Appropriate links to the DOE and Michigan State University reports are missing from the following quote: Only Dr. Pimentel disagrees with this analysis. But his outdated work has been refuted by experts from entities as diverse as the USDA, DOE, Argonne National Laboratory, Michigan State University, and the Colorado School of Mines. While the opponents of ethanol will no doubt continue to peddle Pimentel's baseless charges, they are absolutely without credibility, the Renewable Fuels Association commented. The following link also doesn't work: Another thorough rebuttal, by the Rooster News Network: Industry Argues That Ethanol Delivers http://ww2.rooster.com:80/rooster_public/news/detail.jsp? id=4975cid=3Title=Industry+Argues+That+Ethanol+Delivers --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: womplex_oo1 wrote: I read the reports posted on the Journey to Forever website, and they are good, but could someone provide a direct link to the US Dept of Energy report and also the report by Argonne National Laboratory? There are links for all the articles there, they all work. I don't see a US Dept of Energy report there though, which report is that? http://journeytoforever.org/ethanol_energy.html Is ethanol energy-efficient? See also: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_food.html Biofuels - Food or Fuel? Best Keith Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Sell a Home with Ease! http://us.click.yahoo.com/SrPZMC/kTmEAA/jd3IAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Kyoto Accord holds promise for ethanol
gallons of liquid fuel, such as ethanol. Ethanol is the way to go, since the fuel tank does not contribute to increased weight of the car. Ethanol can be made at home by fermenting sugars and starchy plants. It is made on an industrial scale by converting whole plants (composed of cellulose) to fermentable sugars in a process called hydrolysis, where the long fiber chains are broken down into glucose using a weak acid solution. Most plants consist of up to 98 percent cellulose. In fact cellulose is the most abundant substance made by living things. Originally petroleum came from cellulose, but it has been rotting under the earth for millions of years. Freshly grown biomass can be made into ethanol, which is cleaner burning anyway in internal combustion engines. And as a pure fuel, ethanol can be used in fuel cells as well should they ever become affordable. But how do we grow enough biomass to fuel the transportation industry with ethanol without competing with food production? See my essay entitled Benthic Energy, found near the bottom of my starship generations website: http://geocities.com/womplex_oo1/StarshipGenerations.html Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Sell a Home for Top $ http://us.click.yahoo.com/RrPZMC/jTmEAA/jd3IAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Starship Generations Update
You can't drink salt water. The ocean is salt water. --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Hakan Falk [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I think that you are changing subject somewhat. Seaweed or rice production is a completely different matter than unchecked algae production in our oceans. Our sweet water supplies start to be a finite resource that needs to be guarded in all ways. We can live without oil, but drinking water is essential for our survival. Keith knows a lot about this and since I am from a country (Sweden) with an abundance of clean water, I take the rights to clean water as for granted. Hakan At 11:37 AM 10/15/2002 +, you wrote: Well large-scale seaweed cultivation has been going on in east asia for centuries. China is currently the world's largest producer cultivating over 4 million tonnes annually. The worldwide total is nearly 7 million tonnes of seaweed. Check out the photo... http://seaweed.ucg.ie/cultivation/nori_cultivation_scans/PorphyraNets . jpg I don't think it is adversely affecting the climate. In some cases seaweed produced is used as feed in polyculture activities, to increase fish stocks. Compared to some of the ideas out there for replacing/reducing petroleum consumption, seaweed cultivation is positively low-tech and in my opinion, fairly benign. --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], murdoch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: These very grand ideas, while they can be fun to engage in, can often bring with them a certain sustained ignoring of the Precautionary Principle. So I think that would be a basis for cogent criticism as well. I think this is inherent to your criticism, I am just stating it more broadly, explicitly: Proposals for global-scale new ways of doing things should be subjected to peer-activist-review, as best we can, to find ways that they might have drawbacks from a Global Earth Science standpoint. Criticisms which arise, I would say, should not be regarded as valid reasons to dismiss the ideas out-of-hand necessarily, but should be given some due consideration. In this case, I agree that the oceans and the energy incident upon them are firmly inter-twined in our present global ecosystem and that a global-scale project for changing that setup could be hazardous to our health. IMO, of course. MM Well, I don't think any more of that than I did last week, or was it last month. As then, I think the last thing we need is large- scale messing with the ocean surfaces to produce gargantuan amounts of energy to support a wasteful and unsustainable lifestyle. As Hakan pointed out last time you aired this, or was it the time before, the oceans are much more sensitive to disruptive factors than the atmosphere is, and we're seeing where that has got us. Do you want to double the damage? But it still seems to me you take no notice of anybody else's opinion unless it agrees with you. Keith Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Sell a Home for Top $ http://us.click.yahoo.com/RrPZMC/jTmEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Starship Generations Update
Well, not really. But I've improved by renewable energy transportation ideas. There is no quick fix for renewable energy. This is the conclusion of months of research. It is my opinion that maintaining our way of life using renewable energy can only be achieved with great patience, and a combination of technologies that do not yet exist. Read my essay Benthic Energy, found near the bottom of my starship generations website: http://geocities.com/womplex_oo1/StarshipGenerations.html (this is harder than breeding fruit flies) Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Sell a Home with Ease! http://us.click.yahoo.com/SrPZMC/kTmEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Starship Generations Update
It's not that I don't disagree with you, but the scale of development at present will require a direct substitution of fuel sources or else it will cease to function. Why our politicians continue to promote growth absolutely escapes me! But I should clarify my statement: Maintaining our way of life using renewable energy can only be achieved with great patience, genetic engineering and a combination of East Asian technologies that do not yet exist in North America. (that's better) --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: womplex_oo1 wrote: Well, not really. But I've improved by renewable energy transportation ideas. There is no quick fix for renewable energy. No quick fix for energy. This is the conclusion of months of research. It is my opinion that maintaining our way of life using renewable energy can only be achieved with great patience, and a combination of technologies that do not yet exist. Your way of life is not sustainable. You use, use up, and waste immensely disproportionate amounts of resources to little avail, at everyone else's expense, and at the expense of the future. As do I, in truth, right now, because of where I'm based at the moment, but it's not my normal style and it'll change soon. Using renewable energy is only part of the picture. Simply replacing fossil fuels with renewables is no answer at all. It must go along with energy use reductions, greatly improved efficiency, and decentralization of supply. Even that is only part of the picture, many other things will also have to change, such as, perhaps especially, the current industrial agriculture system. A combination of technologies will indeed be required, each fitted in where it fits best, as we've just been discussing and often discuss, along with all the above, but I don't think anyone here will agree with you that the required technologies do not yet exist. Read my essay Benthic Energy, found near the bottom of my starship generations website: http://geocities.com/womplex_oo1/StarshipGenerations.html Well, I don't think any more of that than I did last week, or was it last month. As then, I think the last thing we need is large-scale messing with the ocean surfaces to produce gargantuan amounts of energy to support a wasteful and unsustainable lifestyle. As Hakan pointed out last time you aired this, or was it the time before, the oceans are much more sensitive to disruptive factors than the atmosphere is, and we're seeing where that has got us. Do you want to double the damage? But it still seems to me you take no notice of anybody else's opinion unless it agrees with you. Keith (this is harder than breeding fruit flies) Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- 4 DVDs Free +sp Join Now http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] MIT offers all courses free online
http://web.mit.edu/ Congratulations to MIT, the first school in the world to offer engineering courses online - And BOY did they outdo themselves !!! Check out the OpenCourseWare, the educational parallel to Open Source software... - course outlines - lecture materials - lecture videos - exam materials - problem sets solutions By yr.2007 they plan to have approx. 2000 courses available online to anyone and everyone!!! (excited! super excited!) Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Home Selling? Try Us! http://us.click.yahoo.com/QrPZMC/iTmEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Important question
Can anyone tell me for certain whether fully grown cord grass (Spartina Alterniflora) contains at least 40% cellulose and at least 20% hemicellulose? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- 4 DVDs Free +sp Join Now http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Cornell University study debunks ethanol
Thanks, I will bookmark those sites so I don't forget again. --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello: Do you have the name of the Cornell study. I would like to read it. Also, is it archived on-line? Thanks for the info. Thom Lemens You'll find it here: http://journeytoforever.org/ethanol_energy.html See also previous message: http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?view=16963list=biofuel See also: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_food.html Biofuels - Food or Fuel? And if you want to know more, do a search in the archives for Piemntel, sometimes spelt Pimental. http://archive.nnytech.net/index.php?list=biofuel Keith Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Sell a Home with Ease! http://us.click.yahoo.com/SrPZMC/kTmEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Another use for the world's oceans
I propose using floating rafts to grow biomass at sea. Petroleum comes from biomass, and growing fresh biomass would give us a superior fuel, ethanol. So that energy crops do not compete with food production I think ocean biomass is a good idea. See the essay entitled Benthic Energy at the bottom of my Starship Generations website: href=http://geocities.com/womplex_oo1/StarshipGenerations.html Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- 4 DVDs Free +sp Join Now http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Cornell University study debunks ethanol
In late 2001 a Cornell Univerity scientist published a paper concluding that it took more energy to harvest, ferment and distill corn than was yielded as ethanol. Specifically it took 131,000 Btu to produce a gallon of ethanol while that gallon only contained 77,000 Btu, representing a net energy loss of 54,000 Btu per gallon. The study concluded that petroleum was used to produce a lesser amount of ethanol (41 percent less) and what this essentially represented was a system of subsidized food burning, which also degraded the quality of the land dedicated to corn as an energy crop. An energy loss of 41 percent seems like a huge barrier to overcome to make this process worthwhile, i.e. to use ethanol to make a larger amount of ethanol. Could there be a different crop that would be better than corn? Perhaps cord grass (spartina alterniflora)? Perhaps the study failed to account for waste lignin as boiler fuel? What gives? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- 4 DVDs Free +sp Join Now http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Cellulose - to - Sugar Preprocessing
Aha! I knew I was onto something. Now if we can just get E85 implemented nationwide. Goodbye future oil crisis, goodbye Hubbert Peak! (I got my data from here: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/ ) Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Looking for a more powerful website? Try GeoCities for $8.95 per month. Register your domain name (http://your-name.com). More storage! No ads! http://geocities.yahoo.com/ps/info http://us.click.yahoo.com/aHOo4D/KJoEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Cellulose - to - Sugar Preprocessing
According to Iogen only a small amount of cereal straw is mixed back into the soil. The larger fraction is actually sent to a landfill or burned by farmers. This is what makes it a good, albeit limited, feedstock for their bioethanol plant. My plan removes the supply of cellulose from the landbased farms, from the established methods and practices of traditional farming. Oceanic kelp, green algae, or water hyacinth, has the potential to be grown over a far larger area than could be grown on land. Excess production can be used as fertilizer for land-based crops. And kelp is known to be one of the most beneficial and productive marine habitats for fish, mollusks, crustaceans, seabirds, etc. Other types of aquaculture could sprout up alongside the kelp rafts as a result. And creating a manmade carbon sink should delite the hardcore environmentalists. --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: womplex_oo1 wrote: Wow! Thanks for the tips. ... and to change the subject completely... The earth's surface is covered in 70 percent water by area. I am interested in aquaculture to grow kelp forests that could supply large quantities of cellulose. Kelp can be grown on floating rafts in the middle of the ocean - screens suspended 15-40 meters below the surface from buoys. Some Kelp varieties, such as Macrocystic Kelp, can grow up to 30 cm per day. In addition kelp forests have their own floatation air sacs so that the infrastructure (floating raft) that is used to provide a surface to root onto only has to support its own weight, and not the weight of the kelp. Large areas of ocean can be planted this way, away from coastal regions, where the ocean floor receives no light and there is very little flora fauna anyway. If the process can be tweaked to use kelp as a feedstock, then it will not interfere with land-based foodcrops, or animal feedcrops. So you said before, but you still haven't answered the question, nor even comprehended it, and apparently forgotten it, if you saw it in the first place, or the second, or the third. Your idea of waste and nature's idea of waste are two different things. What you call waste is returned to the soil to maintain the organic matter content, essential for everything - soil fertility, crop production, and the viability of the soilfoodweb, the tons of micro-organisms in an acre of soil that make plant growth possible. So if you're going to take that away too and burn it in your car, what will you substitute for it? Chemical fertilizers? Your only response (?) to that was that it's a HUGE WASTE. Now you want to go messing with the ocean, which is in a sorry state, a very a sorry state, in case you didn't notice (partly because of chemical fertilizer run-off). What will be the effects on the ocean ecosystem, and related systems - in other words all systems - of your kelp culture plan, beyond how much it might interfere with land-based foodcrops or animal feedcrops? If you don't know, why not? You should have figured that out by now, before you start proposing it. The biosphere, nature, natural resources, are not just some stuff lying around waiting for you to use it or abuse it or use it up or destroy it or waste it just however you wish. It's exactly that kind of non-thinking which has got us into this mess. Or didn't you notice we're in a mess? Keith --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Juan Boveda [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Woopex_oo1 wrote: Two questions: 1. How do you culture the enzyme-producing fungus without using up too much of the cellulose feedstock that is supposed to make ethanol? Answer: In general is better to buy a well known fungus from American Type Culture Collection or from and industrial strain from some Biotechnoly companies and grow it in small o large scale with an broth with K+, Ca++, Mg, Po4, SO4 =, NO3 -, Fe +++, micronutrients and some cotton fiber or paper pulp. Mainly the fungi with enzymes for cellulase and hemicellulase will be selectively developed, excreting their enzymes in the broth to uso the cellulose and hemicellulose as carbon source. If there is no contamination, filter the fungi mycelia with sterilized paper filter and then 0.5 micron sterile filter. Now you have a crude enzyme. If you want to separate the salts, it could be done with ion resin, or you may precipitate some enzymes using some salts, like amonium sulfate, test first, then separate the presipited enzyme by filtration. Use the crude enzyme or the presipited enzyme on your finely ground and clean cellulose to get some fermentable sugars. Look for the right yeast that could tolerate this medium to produce ethanol. If you go trying to isolate some fungi from wilderness take good care, some might produce lung infections if your inmune system
[biofuel] Re: Cellulose - to - Sugar Preprocessing
By removing waste cellulose from farms, you don't have a chance to renew the soil, that is the problem with sending it to a landfill. I have a hard time What I meant was *moving* the cellulose supply-line from farm-based crops to ocean-based crops. Removing was a bad choice of words. forms city life.I see trash bags full of lawn clippings all up and down my street during summer and leaves in the fall, and the average Christmas tree just after Christmas, you would be doing the world a great favor to use this trash as a resource. That's a good idea. Grass clippings, autumn leaves, and christmas treees represent a huge volume of municipal waste. Oceanic kelp, green algae, or water hyacinth, has the potential to be grown over a far larger area than could be grown on land. While it sounds nice, it to is a finite resource due to the fact that there is only so many areas that it may be grown. Oceanic kelp needs certain parameters in which to grow and is subject to being ripped and shredded by a storm. I suggested artificial platforms, like scaffolding, suspended 15 meters under water beneith buoys, to provide a surface for the kelp forest to root. These rafts could be anchored in deep water where the ocean floor is barren. If a storm hits, waves and high winds could dislodge the kelp forest. My idea is to sink the kelp raft, pulling it deeper under water using a winch secured to the seafloor. If you sink it an additional 50 meters, not even a hurricane could harm it. When the storm passes, float it again. A few hours in deep water might not harm the kelp. I like kelp because it has natural floatation sacs. As it grows the artifical raft will not require additional buoys. Seaweed that does not float would require added infrastructure and expense. Another problem with your idea of using oceanic kelp, green algae, or water hyacinth is the fact that they are low ( little to none in the case of algae ) in cellulose comparatively to other crops, this also means a poor energy return *in addition to any other poor energy modifiers. Can you tell me the percent by mass of cellulose in kelp? Can you name an ocean vegetation that would be better? The great thing about the ocean is that it's so huge. Vast expanses of ocean surface remain unexploited by farm-type operations. Imagine the solar energy that is available! Poor net return, due to the fact that you would have to spend energy to concentrate the beneficial elements, in order to get around the cost of shipping, which is another energy drain. A skimmer (similar to those that clean up oil spills, could be used to harvest kelp. Concentrating the beneficial elements can be accomplished by crushing the kelp between rollers as it is pulled into the boat. Most of the water weight would be released back into the ocean, leaving dry plant matter for later processing. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Looking for a more powerful website? Try GeoCities for $8.95 per month. Register your domain name (http://your-name.com). More storage! No ads! http://geocities.yahoo.com/ps/info http://us.click.yahoo.com/aHOo4D/KJoEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Cellulose - to - Sugar Preprocessing
The USDA Food Nutrient Database provides the following data: Seaweed, Kelp, Raw (amounts per 100 gram sample) -- Energy = 43 Kcal Water = 81.58 g Protein = 1.68 g Lipids = 0.56 g Carbohydrates = 9.57 g Fiber = 1.3 g Ash = 6.61 g Refuse = 0 Compare this data with food we know to be very high in fiber: Lettuce, Iceberg, Raw (amounts per 100 gram sample) - Energy = 12 Kcal Water = 95.89 g Protein = 1.01 g Lipids = 0.19 Carbohydrates = 2.09 g Fiber = 1.4 g Ash = 0.48 g Refuse = 5 g I'm not saying that you can efficiently make ethanol out of iceberg lettuce, but from experience one tends to drop a two-foot log after eating the stuff. From the USDA food data we can see that raw kelp is very similar to raw lettuce. Still it would be nice to have more detailed information so we can all continue to go by the numbers rather than just argue over guesswork. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- 4 DVDs Free +sp Join Now http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Cellulose - to - Sugar Preprocessing
The USDA Food Nutrient Database provides the following data: Seaweed, Kelp, Raw (amounts per 100 gram sample) -- Energy = 43 Kcal Water = 81.58 g Protein = 1.68 g Lipids = 0.56 g Carbohydrates = 9.57 g Fiber = 1.3 g Ash = 6.61 g Refuse = 0 Once you squeeze out all the water, you are basically left with dry plant material that is 50% carbohydrates and 7 percent fiber. Surely this is a respectable feedstock for bioethanol. If not from the cellulose, then from the carbohydrate content? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- 4 DVDs Free +sp Join Now http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Making it ourselves Was: Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Membranes
That's not really what I meant. I meant that if you can manufacture a product and all its components in-house you are much more likely to have a lower price than competitors that out-source their components. In-house doesn't mean within the borders of this country or that country, in simply means at the same factory. --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Curtis Sakima [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Too bad electronics weren't that way. I'd like to see someday pulling out manufacturing from overseas .. and making more electronics in-house in this country again . Well, I can dream right Curtis --- womplex_oo1 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I repeat, the more components you have to buy from somewhere else, the more expensive the end product. To get the cost down, we literally have to be able to do *everything* ourselves in one fully integrated optimized operation. = Get your free newsletter at http://www.ezinfocenter.com/3122155/NL __ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Finance - Get real-time stock quotes http://finance.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- 4 DVDs Free +sp Join Now http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Canada to ratify Kyoto before year end
The goal was to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 6 percent from 1990 levels by 2008-2010. Bioethanol is a zero net producer of greenhouse gases such that converting automotive fuels to E10 (10% ethanol, 90% gasoline) would achieve the goals of Kyoto. And according to the FAQ section of the Iogen website, Canada could replace 10% of gasoline production by using 1/3rd of its supply of wheat straw from the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Straw does get used as livestock feed, but Canada has several other provinces that produce straw as well, and Iogen Corporation's cellulose conversion technology diversifies potential sources to any type of plant, so I don't think we will have much trouble meeting the Kyoto requirements. After all, cellulose is the most abundant substance produced by living things with up to 98 percent of most plants made of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. http://sympatico.globeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/front/RTGAM/2002 0902/wchre09022/Front/frontBN/sympatico-front
[biofuel] Re: Cellulose - to - Sugar Preprocessing
, nitrile. The process is especially useful for removing colored stains from fabrics in a washing process. - United States Patent 6,242,245Amann, et al. June 5, 2001 Multicomponent system for modifying, degrading or bleaching lignin or lignin-containing materials, and processes for its use Abstract A multicomponent system for modifying, degrading or bleaching lignin and lignin-containing materials or similar substances, includes an oxidoreductase and an oxidant suitable for the oxidoreductase and a mediator and at least one enzymatically active additive. The mediator does not inactivate the oxidoreductase and the enzymatically active additive, and the enzymatically active additive is selected from the group consisting of the hydrolases of the enzyme class 3.2.1. --- United States Patent 6,426,410WangJuly 30, 2002 Phenol oxidizing enzymes Abstract Disclosed herein are novel phenol oxidizing enzymes naturally- produced by strains of the species Stachybotrys which possess a pH optima in the alkaline range and which are useful in modifying the color associated with dyes and colored compounds, as well as in anti-dye transfer applications. Also disclosed herein are biologically-pure cultures of strains of the genus Stachybotrys, designated herein Stachybotrys parvispora MUCL 38996 and Stachybotrys chartarum MUCL 38898, which are capable of naturally-producing the novel phenol oxidizing enzymes. Disclosed herein is the amino acid and nucleic acid sequence for Stachybotrys phenol oxidizing enzymes as well as expression vectors and host cells comprising the nucleic acid. Disclosed herein are methods for producing the phenol oxidizing enzyme as well as methods for constructing expression hosts. Best regards Juan --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Juan Boveda [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The method to convert hole plants composed by cellulose, hemicellulose and lignins uses ezimes and water to hydrolyse these material to soluble sugars, theses enzimes are true catalysers coming from mainly fungi and some bacteria. These enzimes are called cellulase and hemicellulase. Many fungi has been isolated and are used by biotechnology companies to produce cellulases in large scale. One of the common uses of cellulases is to finish blue jeans with a soft stoned washed touch. Some fungi cellulase (the specific enzime for cellulose) come from Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium funiculosum, etc. they usually are a mixture of enzimes with different activities or rate of conversion of cellulose to fermentable sugars in a given time.The hemicellulases are produced as well by many of these strains for example Aspergillus niger. The hardest to degrade are the lignins, few fungi are able to do it soo, because lignins are toxic compouds to most of them. Many of these fungal enzimes has maximun activities on mild acid pH 4 to 7 and mild temperatures 20 - 50o C. Regards, Juan Woopex_oo1 wrote: -Mensaje original- De: womplex_oo1 [SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Enviado el: Jueves 29 de Agosto de 2002 12:48 PM Para: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Asunto: [biofuel] Cellulose - to - Sugar Preprocessing What energy efficient, eco-friendly methods exist to convert cellulose to sugar so that entire plants - leaves, stem, roots all - can be fermented into ethanol? I've heard termites do this routinely... Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Looking for a more powerful website? Try GeoCities for $8.95 per month. Register your domain name (http://your-name.com). More storage! No ads! http://geocities.yahoo.com/ps/info http://us.click.yahoo.com/aHOo4D/KJoEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Membranes to dehydrate water-alcohol mixtures
I just found out that dessicants like silica gel only work in humid air (because of their high surface area, low vapor pressure pores). Osmosis would work to selectively separate water from ethanol. The process uses a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane developed in Japan. The process consumes very little energy, requiring only a certain amount of pressure. i've also found a gov't website on the conversion of whole plants (leaves, stem, roots) into fermentable sugars for ethanol production. Here it is... http://www.ott.doe.gov/biofuels/understanding_biomass.html It's an interesting read. Particularly important because starchy granules comprise a very small percentage of plant material, and so by throwing away plant fiber, we're wasting 99 percent of the potential chemical energy available in plants, and hence also 99 percent of the solar energy that went into growing the plants in the first place: Component Percent Dry Weight --- Cellulose 40-60% Hemicellulose 20-40% Lignin 10-25% Apparently Lignin is the hardest component to hydrolize into fermentable sugars, and the ability to do this is critical to making biomass ethanol a consumer product. Something like a 10-fold reduction in the cost of lignin-to-sugar enzymes is required, and intense research is ongoing to try to achieve this. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Looking for a more powerful website? Try GeoCities for $8.95 per month. Register your domain name (http://your-name.com). More storage! No ads! http://geocities.yahoo.com/ps/info http://us.click.yahoo.com/aHOo4D/KJoEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Membranes to dehydrate water-alcohol mixtures
What questions? Perhaps I was away from my computer. Anyways there is alot of information on that website about using cellulose as a feedstock, but the webpage has failed to justify it -- they completely failed to answer the question WHY??? Here is why: Most plants are composed of less than 10% starch, the traditional component that is fermented into ethanol. The remaining 90% or more of the plant, by weight is composed of the following: Component Percent Dry Weight --- Cellulose 40-60% Hemicellulose 20-40% Lignin 10-25% These materials can be burned to generate heat, so to ignore them as a potential source of automotive fuel is a HUGE WASTE. The Journey to Forever website doesn't pay enough attention to putting this capability into the hands of the general public. Their webpages concentrate on using only the starch. No wonder ethanol as an alternative fuel is not convincing enough people -- Not even the guys who build their own stills are going as far as they could. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Looking for a more powerful website? Try GeoCities for $8.95 per month. Register your domain name (http://your-name.com). More storage! No ads! http://geocities.yahoo.com/ps/info http://us.click.yahoo.com/aHOo4D/KJoEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Membranes to dehydrate water-alcohol mixtures
To add to that, we have guys from the University of Pennsylvania publishing scientific articles telling the public that using corn to make ethanol is a ZERO net producer of energy. Most people just give up when they hear that. But if you armed the public with the knowledge that they are throwing away 90 percent of the potential fuel, those researchers would get a professional slap upside the head, and probably issue a formal retraction of their paper. You gotta tell people man. More than that, you gotta make the technology available so that entrepreneurs can use it. --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], womplex_oo1 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: What questions? Perhaps I was away from my computer. Anyways there is alot of information on that website about using cellulose as a feedstock, but the webpage has failed to justify it -- they completely failed to answer the question WHY??? Here is why: Most plants are composed of less than 10% starch, the traditional component that is fermented into ethanol. The remaining 90% or more of the plant, by weight is composed of the following: Component Percent Dry Weight --- Cellulose 40-60% Hemicellulose 20-40% Lignin 10-25% These materials can be burned to generate heat, so to ignore them as a potential source of automotive fuel is a HUGE WASTE. The Journey to Forever website doesn't pay enough attention to putting this capability into the hands of the general public. Their webpages concentrate on using only the starch. No wonder ethanol as an alternative fuel is not convincing enough people -- Not even the guys who build their own stills are going as far as they could. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Looking for a more powerful website? Try GeoCities for $8.95 per month. Register your domain name (http://your-name.com). More storage! No ads! http://geocities.yahoo.com/ps/info http://us.click.yahoo.com/aHOo4D/KJoEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Membranes to dehydrate water-alcohol mixtures
Here is something else that really ticks me off: coal liquefaction, making gasoline out of coal using the most environmentally destructive means, is getting far more attention than this. --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], womplex_oo1 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: To add to that, we have guys from the University of Pennsylvania publishing scientific articles telling the public that using corn to make ethanol is a ZERO net producer of energy. Most people just give up when they hear that. But if you armed the public with the knowledge that they are throwing away 90 percent of the potential fuel, those researchers would get a professional slap upside the head, and probably issue a formal retraction of their paper. You gotta tell people man. More than that, you gotta make the technology available so that entrepreneurs can use it. --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], womplex_oo1 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: What questions? Perhaps I was away from my computer. Anyways there is alot of information on that website about using cellulose as a feedstock, but the webpage has failed to justify it -- they completely failed to answer the question WHY??? Here is why: Most plants are composed of less than 10% starch, the traditional component that is fermented into ethanol. The remaining 90% or more of the plant, by weight is composed of the following: Component Percent Dry Weight --- Cellulose 40-60% Hemicellulose 20-40% Lignin 10-25% These materials can be burned to generate heat, so to ignore them as a potential source of automotive fuel is a HUGE WASTE. The Journey to Forever website doesn't pay enough attention to putting this capability into the hands of the general public. Their webpages concentrate on using only the starch. No wonder ethanol as an alternative fuel is not convincing enough people -- Not even the guys who build their own stills are going as far as they could. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Looking for a more powerful website? Try GeoCities for $8.95 per month. Register your domain name (http://your-name.com). More storage! No ads! http://geocities.yahoo.com/ps/info http://us.click.yahoo.com/aHOo4D/KJoEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Membranes to dehydrate water-alcohol mixtures
Ok fine. You win. They don't teach this stuff in Canadian schools, and I'm trying to find my way around using 50% intuition. The Journey to Forever website is really poorly organized - there is no top-down comprehensive table of contents, and I can't download the documents, say in pdf format, so that i can read them offline or print them out so that I can read them while suffering less computer screen walleye-vision-induced eye strain (the primary cause of goldfish attention spans). One thing I've learned from business: the more components of a machine that you can make yourself, the lower your business costs. What small start-up entrepreneurs need is comprehensive how-to information, - growing fungi bacteria, - extracting enzymes, - appropriate containers for liquid processing, - modular scalable steam explosion pre-processing equipment you can build yourself, - growing yeast, - fermentation, - making your own polyvinyl alcohol membranes, and so on... I repeat, the more components you have to buy from somewhere else, the more expensive the end product. To get the cost down, we literally have to be able to do *everything* ourselves in one fully integrated optimized operation. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- 4 DVDs Free +sp Join Now http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Rock salt to dehydrate water-alcohol mixture
I'm not a chemist, but in my opinion it would be more efficient to use a hygroscopic material to remove water from ethanol than to boil it off using distillation. Otherwise all the solar energy that was used to grow the plants that provided the fermentable sugars that were turned into ethanol would be wasted, i.e. there would be no net gain in energy. Some research turned up three different types of hygroscopic materials. The first example is liquid nitrogen which effectively dehydrates the surrounding air by condensing the moisture in it, simply because it is so cold. The second example is a sulfate which reacts chemically with, say, sugar to produce a dehydrated carbon substance while turning into a hydrate crystal and releasing alot of heat. The third example of a hygroscopic material is silica gel which simply absorbs water like a sponge, and releases it again if it is heated. I believe the third example, silica gel, would be the right concept to use to dehydrate ethanol-water mixtures since it is a reversible process that does not require any energy input prior to yielding pure ethanol. And the dehydrating of the solid silica material is not very temperature sensitive. However I didn't find any information on the miscibility of silica gel and ethanol, so I am not sure whether it is the best material for this exact purpose -- it is merely a common hygroscopic substance. Silica gel may also absorb ethanol and that would not be desireable. Opinions? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- 4 DVDs Free +sp Join Now http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Cellulose - to - Sugar Preprocessing
What energy efficient, eco-friendly methods exist to convert cellulose to sugar so that entire plants - leaves, stem, roots all - can be fermented into ethanol? I've heard termites do this routinely... Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- 4 DVDs Free +sp Join Now http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Rock salt to dehydrate water-alcohol mixture
Is it really as simple as filling a barrel with rock salt, and pouring the alcohol-water solution into the top, with almost pure alcohol dribbling out the bottom? Is some alcohol lost in the process? This is a great idea because a solar furnace can't control the temperature well enough for distillation, but could easily be used to dry rock salt! I imaging one would simply set the solar furnace on HOT to accomplish the task. Am I correct? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- 4 DVDs Free +sp Join Now http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Cellulose - to - Sugar Preprocessing
Two questions: 1. How do you culture the enzyme-producing fungus without using up too much of the cellulose feedstock that is supposed to make ethanol? 2. What is the enzyme that breaks down lignin? And which fungus produces it? --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Juan Boveda [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The method to convert hole plants composed by cellulose, hemicellulose and lignins uses ezimes and water to hydrolyse these material to soluble sugars, theses enzimes are true catalysers coming from mainly fungi and some bacteria. These enzimes are called cellulase and hemicellulase. Many fungi has been isolated and are used by biotechnology companies to produce cellulases in large scale. One of the common uses of cellulases is to finish blue jeans with a soft stoned washed touch. Some fungi cellulase (the specific enzime for cellulose) come from Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium funiculosum, etc. they usually are a mixture of enzimes with different activities or rate of conversion of cellulose to fermentable sugars in a given time.The hemicellulases are produced as well by many of these strains for example Aspergillus niger. The hardest to degrade are the lignins, few fungi are able to do it soo, because lignins are toxic compouds to most of them. Many of these fungal enzimes has maximun activities on mild acid pH 4 to 7 and mild temperatures 20 - 50o C. Regards, Juan Woopex_oo1 wrote: -Mensaje original- De: womplex_oo1 [SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Enviado el: Jueves 29 de Agosto de 2002 12:48 PM Para: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Asunto: [biofuel] Cellulose - to - Sugar Preprocessing What energy efficient, eco-friendly methods exist to convert cellulose to sugar so that entire plants - leaves, stem, roots all - can be fermented into ethanol? I've heard termites do this routinely... Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- 4 DVDs Free +sp Join Now http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/MVfIAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Letter from Matthew Simmons, President of Simmons Company Int'l
The point made by Mr.Simmons was that the supply of natural gas worldwide is currently decreasing while there is increasing demand. He suggested that even unprecedented exploration hasn't yielded enough gas to maintain supply. He also suggested that this was because exploratory efforts were conducted in areas that were already thoroughly explored, and therefore new land must be explored instead. He implied a relaxation of regulations so that this exploration could take place in environmentally sensitive areas, although he didn't refer to them as such. Personally, I have to take sides with the inhabitants of those areas who feel that the commercial fish stocks, and other natural resources, are more valuable to the local economy in lite of the possibility of contamination from oil gas drilling platforms. In my opinion we might just assume that Hubbert's Peak has been reached for natural gas supplies. If South Africa wants to use natural gas in addition to coal to produce diesel and other liquid fuels, then they are simply contributing to a shortage of natural gas. Perhaps their exports are not sufficient to lead to a shortage within the next decade or two, but when they run out, they will have to go back to coal liquefaction. They say they are making a profit, well good for them. It's really their choice. The increased availability of fuel might increase their dependance on this non-renewable resource, and eventually they may be in a crisis because of it. What can an arguement for sustainability do to counteract supply demand. I mean really, fossil fuels are cheaper! Why would anyone buy anything else? Because of the lack of availability, one's vehicle would have to be flexible fuel compatible, otherwise you would not have adequate freedom of mobility. And the only way to switch completely to biofuels is to reduce your fuel consumption to the absolute minimum. Does your car weigh less than 100 pounds? Do you consider 30 mph to be pushing the peddle to the metal? If not, your car is functionally outsized for just one passenger. When all we need are motorbikes our ego and safety concerns make it very difficult to downsize one's car. --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: womplex_oo1 wrote: Simmons Company Int'l are investment bankers to the energy industry, as stated on their website, and they alone are a multi- billion dollar corporation. Do you think that makes their testimony more reliable or less? http://www.simmonsco-intl.com/ On the subject of Hubbert's Peak, Matthew Simmons, President and CEO of Simmons Company, has testified to the US House of Representatives Subcommittee on Energy Mineral Resources, and, the International Oil Service Industries Conference in Oslo, Norway, on the subject of a growing energy imbalance in Natural Gas resources. His testimony can be found at the company website, here... http://www.simmonsco-intl.com/domino/html/research.nsf/ $$ViewTemplate+For+news?openform or downloaded in pdf format from this direct link... http://www.simmonsco- intl.com/domino/html/research.nsf/0/35A84E69B13811D286256BFB00624D65/ $File/hor071602.pdf In summary there is expected to be a shortage of natural gas in the near future. Natural gas is primarily used to generate electricity, to heat our homes and offices, and in industrial burners for production. In addition compressed natural gas is the fuel used in many of the nation's fleet vehicles such as forklifts, delivery vans, taxi cabs, even zambonis which make the ice surface smooth for the NHL. In the future natural gas is the expected feedstock for fuel cell vehicles, which will use either compressed natural gas, compressed hydrogen, or liquid methanol. All of these systems are now in jeopardy. For fuel cell cars, I would suggest that ethanol be focussed on, since a Direct Liquid Ethanol Fuel Cell is now available from Medis Technologies. http://www.medistechnologies.com Yes, you keep referring us to that, but all it powers is a cell phone, and there's been some scepticism about whether it can be scaled up. For transport it's still pie in the sky, and could remain so. Ethanol and biodiesel are the only practical renewable fuels for transportation, and ethanol is the only one that can be used in fuel cells. Sure, both can be used in internal combustion engines, but fuel cells would make renewable fuels more useful on a large scale since twice as many vehicles can use the same amount of fuel. In my opinion, ethanol is the future for fuel cells. The future for the future? What about now? Anyway, re natural gas, do you think Mr Simmons took this into account? http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/17113/story.htm South Africa's Sasol fires into future with clean gas SOUTH AFRICA: August 1, 2002 SECUNDA - Huge cooling towers bellow out plumes of white
[biofuel] Letter from Matthew Simmons, President of Simmons Company Int'l
. . . . . . . Simmons Company Int'l are investment bankers to the energy industry, as stated on their website, and they alone are a multi- billion dollar corporation. http://www.simmonsco-intl.com/ On the subject of Hubbert's Peak, Matthew Simmons, President and CEO of Simmons Company, has testified to the US House of Representatives Subcommittee on Energy Mineral Resources, and, the International Oil Service Industries Conference in Oslo, Norway, on the subject of a growing energy imbalance in Natural Gas resources. His testimony can be found at the company website, here... http://www.simmonsco-intl.com/domino/html/research.nsf/ $$ViewTemplate+For+news?openform or downloaded in pdf format from this direct link... http://www.simmonsco- intl.com/domino/html/research.nsf/0/35A84E69B13811D286256BFB00624D65/ $File/hor071602.pdf In summary there is expected to be a shortage of natural gas in the near future. Natural gas is primarily used to generate electricity, to heat our homes and offices, and in industrial burners for production. In addition compressed natural gas is the fuel used in many of the nation's fleet vehicles such as forklifts, delivery vans, taxi cabs, even zambonis which make the ice surface smooth for the NHL. In the future natural gas is the expected feedstock for fuel cell vehicles, which will use either compressed natural gas, compressed hydrogen, or liquid methanol. All of these systems are now in jeopardy. For fuel cell cars, I would suggest that ethanol be focussed on, since a Direct Liquid Ethanol Fuel Cell is now available from Medis Technologies. http://www.medistechnologies.com Ethanol and biodiesel are the only practical renewable fuels for transportation, and ethanol is the only one that can be used in fuel cells. Sure, both can be used in internal combustion engines, but fuel cells would make renewable fuels more useful on a large scale since twice as many vehicles can use the same amount of fuel. In my opinion, ethanol is the future for fuel cells. Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Hubbert Peak
I've done several extrapolations of oil consumption using a spreadsheet, and the oil reserve information provided by BP World Oil Statistics website: http://www.bp.com/centres/energy/world_stat_rev/oil/reserves.asp A straight linear extrapolation of oil consumption indicates that all the world's oil will run out between the years 2032-2045. By run out I mean every last drop of oil gone. Oil production does not support this linear extrapolation however. Production will reach a peak sometime before these terminal years, and decrease exponentially forever after, preventing anyone from ever extracting all the oil. This Hubbert Peak will have to occur sometime before these dates, but the later it occurs the sharper the decline in oil production. When do you think the Hubbert Peak will occur? Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Hubbert Peak
You say gold was once trading at $35/oz and is now trading at $200/oz., which makes all kinds of new gold mines economically viable that weren't before? First, your quote on the price of gold isn't correct, according to the 24-hr live-line gold is currently trading at $307.10/oz. http://www.kitco.com/reports/ Second, half a century ago coffee was served for 2 cents for a cup, and now the price is around 85 cents. This is a result of inflation, not depletion of the resource. If the price of oil goes up, it will either be because of increased demand, or a supply shortfall. Depleted oil reserves will mean that the cost of extracting oil will increase, production will decrease, and storage/shipping lines will be working below capacity which will compound the price increase. So I don't understand where the idea comes from that a rising price will suddenly make previously uneconomical reserves viable? Sales will decrease substantially. Increased expense lower revenue destroys profit. In my understanding, whether a resource is economically recoverable or not depends on profit, not price. Opinion? --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: womplex_oo1 wrote: I've done several extrapolations of oil consumption using a spreadsheet, and the oil reserve information provided by BP World Oil Statistics website: http://www.bp.com/centres/energy/world_stat_rev/oil/reserves.asp A straight linear extrapolation of oil consumption indicates that all the world's oil will run out between the years 2032-2045. By run out I mean every last drop of oil gone. Oil production does not support this linear extrapolation however. Production will reach a peak sometime before these terminal years, and decrease exponentially forever after, preventing anyone from ever extracting all the oil. This Hubbert Peak will have to occur sometime before these dates, but the later it occurs the sharper the decline in oil production. When do you think the Hubbert Peak will occur? There are some other extrapolations one could do. Take a range of issues that positively scream for judicious application of the precautionary principle and development of alternatives, however that would threaten the immediate interests of the powers-that-be; then calculate how long on average they manage to spend in denial, how long on average they manage to drag their feet, how long they get away with prolonged negotiations that only address part of the problem and propose inadequate solutions, and how long the transition period they manage to muscle across, add it all up, add 5, subtract the square root of the number you started off with, cross your heart and count to 13, and you have the number of decades after the point at which something could still have been done about it. This might perhaps be referred to as Hubbert's Trough. Now isn't that young master Bush proposing to increase energy consumption over the next decade or two? On the other hand, when energy prices shot up in California last year, down went the demand. Maybe the market does indeed work sometimes. The Newsweek story below says Americans don't believe there's an energy crisis because the prices are low. Why the OECD, Todd, me, and a few million others keep saying US gas should cost at least $6 a gallon. Interesting quote in that story: 'Texaco chairman Peter Bijur once said that talk of failing energy supplies remind him of Cyprian, a Roman who warned in A.D. 250 that the world has grown old... The rainfall and sun's warmth are both diminishing, the metals are nearly exhausted.' http://www.msnbc.com/news/732017.asp?cp1=1 The Thirst for Oil Actually there's another extrapolation that might be useful, concerning this: A straight linear extrapolation of oil consumption indicates that all the world's oil will run out between the years 2032-2045. The Newsweek story also says this: ... it looked in 1970 as if oil would run out in 33 years-that is, next year. This year, the same calculation puts the day of reckoning in 2046. As Hakan said, survey techniques are much more accurate now. And that's it? We've got there, huh? No more progress, science stands still. In fact it's quite easy to get a handle on the rate of technological improvement. It's exponential, like computing power. Could just be you're looking at an ever-receding goalpost with Hubbert's Peak as well as with the final drop of oil being extracted. This is worth saying again: One response to the $75 per bbl question above was this: ... excellent point. We tried to stabilize the price of Gold for years. Now its 200$ and mines are viable that weren't at $35/oz. Plus, many commercial processes that used Gold have found substitutes or ways to use less Gold. Gold-plated contacts are alloyed with Nickel to extend and strengthen the microlayer of Gold. Companies
[biofuel] Re: EV (GEM) Fire Burns Down Celebrity House
Electric cars have inherent advantages over gas-powered cars. There is no transmission, no drive train, no axles, and no mechanical steering or braking linkages. This makes for a lighter car and more interior space. Currently the only thing preventing these advantages from being realized is the use of chemical batteries to power the electric motors. Once direct liquid ethanol fuel cells are cheap enough, electric cars will have all the performance advantages of gas- powered cars, without the problems with chargers catching fire, and with better fuel economy. http://www.medistechnologies.com --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Appal Energy [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Gee! Between hydrogen consumption colapsing the Earth's fragile envelope and EV's that are only as green as the neighboring coal plant, I think I'll stick to shoe leather, bicycles and biodiesel. Todd Swearingen - Original Message - From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, July 30, 2002 11:26 AM Subject: [biofuel] EV (GEM) Fire Burns Down Celebrity House http://www.pagesix.com/pagesix/pagesix.htm From Today's Gossip Section of the NY Post Firefighters who rushed to the scene told Webb that good intentions often turn lovely homes into blazing death zones. They said they see this kind of thing with electric cars all the time, she says. Electric cars and golf carts are always overloading their chargers and burning up, but no one knows about it. HELL-CAR BURNS MODEL'S HOME By RICHARD JOHNSON with Paula Froelich and Chris Wilson --- - Veronica Webb - Photo by: Dave Allocca/DMI VERONICA Webb's eco-friendly electric car turned into a fire-spewing death machine the other night, burning down her Key West house and killing her beloved dog, Hercules. Despite her long devotion to various green causes, the six-month pregnant supermodel says she's through with electric cars after her Chrysler Gem overloaded while charging late last Monday night, sending flames through her air conditioning system and consuming everything in its wake. We got the car because it was supposed to be great for the environment, but no one ever warns you how dangerous they are, Webb tells PAGE SIX's Ian Spiegelman. Firefighters who rushed to the scene told Webb that good intentions often turn lovely homes into blazing death zones. They said they see this kind of thing with electric cars all the time, she says. Electric cars and golf carts are always overloading their chargers and burning up, but no one knows about it. Among the hidden dangers, Webb says, were four hidden high-powered batteries. There are four extra batteries that aren't shown in the [owner's manual] diagram. They need to be serviced but you can't service them if you don't even know that they're there. Luckily, Webb was in New York shopping for baby furniture when the blaze erupted, but her new husband, Wall Streeter turned amateur archaeologist George Robb, was asleep in bed. He barely escaped with his life. By the time the fire department showed up, they didn't even go inside to look for survivors because they assumed that anyone left inside was long dead. They said George got out with 30 seconds to spare. Her devoted long-haired dachshund, 8-year-old Hercules, was not so lucky. At first George called me saying Hercules had gotten out and was okay. Then he started saying he was cold. He wasn't breathing. He couldn't survive in that smoke. Hercules, who had a cameo role in Ben Stiller's Zoolander, might have survived if Webb's Gem had been the only electronic device that malfunctioned that night. Our $4,000 fire alarm system never went off, she says. All of us blindly trust our fire detectors, and I would hate to see this happen to anyone else. Webb says that after her insurance company contacted Chrysler, the automaker set up several appointments to inspect the wreckage, but never showed up and never called to reschedule. A Chrysler spokesman did not return our calls. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/NsdPZD/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/
[biofuel] The smell of alcohol
Ok, suppose I'm driving down the road in my new Merlin Roadster with a custom ethanol-conversion. I'm not on the road very long before I get pulled over by a curious police officer. He walks up alongside gawking at the sporty lines, and really intending to ask what the heck kind of car is THAT?!?! But a slight wiff of alcohol becomes apparent as the officer gets up close Anyone care to suggest how this scenario will play out? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Will You Find True Love? Will You Meet the One? Free Love Reading by phone! http://us.click.yahoo.com/7dY7FD/R_ZEAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] The Merlin Roadster
Corbin Motors of California presents... The Merlin Roadster has a real Harley Davidson engine under the hood (or protruding from the hood rather). This one-seat commuter car could be improved any number of ways, but is so cool I'd buy one right now... http://www.corbinmotors.com/products_merlinroadster.html Improvements I'd make include: - convertible for all-weather driving - flexible fuel diesel/biodiesel engine version - flexible fuel gasoline/ethanol version - direct liquid ethanol fuel cell version (Medis Technologies, see link below) - homebrew ethanol still kits - cargo trailer, or two-seat inline version This car is a great start on the road to cargo-proportional personal transportation, and maybe even sustainable transportation using renewable homebrew fuel! (um, yes, I do believe ah have found mah ideal automobile, yes) http://www.medistechnologies.com/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Will You Find True Love? Will You Meet the One? Free Love Reading by phone! http://us.click.yahoo.com/7dY7FD/R_ZEAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: The Merlin Roadster
. Check out the link, I posted some really hot pictures! . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . http://www.sciforums.com/t9485/s013ca86b42748f3474e0ccec556ac30c/threa d.html Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Will You Find True Love? Will You Meet the One? Free Love Reading by phone! http://us.click.yahoo.com/7dY7FD/R_ZEAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Merlin
I think the Merlin Roadster is a significant improvement in style compared to the Morgan, Messerschmitt, or the BMW 3-wheeled cars. The Merlin Roadster is so interesting that I have added a link to my Starship Generations website, under the renewable energy transportation section at the bottom of the page... it is truely an extension of the bare-bones concepts I had presented earlier! http://geocities.com/womplex_oo1/StarshipGenerations.html It's Made In America, unlike most fuel efficient cars. California to be exact. And they're taking orders as we speak. Apparently there is a dealership just across the border from Sarnia in Burton, Michigan... Merlin Dealerships http://www.corbinmotors.com/dealer_merlin.html They're getting alot of coverage, they were featured in Maxim in April, got airtime during this year's Superbowl, and will get 5 minutes of coverage in the new Austin Powers film Goldmember. They even have a dealership in Hawaii. In Canada they are selling in Vancouver and Grand Prairie Alberta, and moving steadily east across North America. I think this will be my first car. I like the colors it comes in: chrome, black, metallic red, metallic blue or metallic tangerine. For an extra $1700 it comes with an all-chrome alloy wheels and chrome/black motor. Can't wait to fire up this bad boy. They have videos: http://www.corbin.com/funstuff/merlin.shtml During Earth Week, Corbin Motors was invited by the Earth Day Coordinator for NASA Ames Research Center to show off their Roadster as part of their Sustainable Communities by the Bay Theme for individuals seeking out alternative forms of transportation. Testimonial, It's really a different experience. In handling it, it's got the feeling of a motorcycle and a car. There's no sensation you're on three wheels. Because of the front wheel steering and front wheel drive, you're always pulling it. Basically, the rear tire is there to keep the back up! This vehicle's got a lot of feedback. You're driving by the seat of your pants and you're going 85 mph. It's awesome...actually, it's beyond awesome! Here's a quote from Forbes Magazine, the Merlin has roughly the same power-to-weight ratio as a $43,365 Porsche Boxster--and, at $23,900, costs about $20,000 less. It's also being featured on the Space.com website: http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/technology/tech_today.html I'm going to buy one as soon as I can. I live alone so I don't care if it doesn't have a second seat. I like the fact that the Merlin Coup gets 70-90 mpg, that's equal or better than any diesel or hybrid electric on the market. If they made it diesel it'd probably get 120 mpg, and a hybrid-electric version 150. A direct liquid fuel cell version would probably get 400 mpg, but would be too expensive. Maybe I'll be lucky, by the time they are in production (mid 2003) they will be flexible fuelled, i.e. gasoline/ethanol, so I won't have to do the conversion myself (not that I can't). After that I'll start building an ethanol still. After all, the oil crisis is coming, say 8 years from now, maybe 12-14 years if we're lucky... Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Will You Find True Love? Will You Meet the One? Free Love Reading by phone! http://us.click.yahoo.com/7dY7FD/R_ZEAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Merlin
predicted they would run out completely in 2007. I guess now that Hubbert Peak has in fact occurred, their oil supply can be expected to last forever, albeit at exponentially decreasing yields. If the big oilfields in Saudi Arabia pass Hubbert Peak the drop in the worldwide supply would be unmanageable I suspect. But I'm probably off topic now. We really need cars that are cargo-proportional (1-passenger, perhaps 2) with perhaps cargo trailers for occasional extra capacity. For now we need flexible fuelled cars that can run on ethanol or biodiesel, so that we can switch over to an alternative fuel without completely decommissioning the vehicle, if necessary. This trend with SUVs that can carry 7 people but usually only one person, and burn nothing but gasoline is going to get us into alot of trouble. --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: womplex_oo1 wrote: I think the Merlin Roadster is a significant improvement in style compared to the Morgan, Messerschmitt, or the BMW 3-wheeled cars. Style. Oh. What about utility? Actually the BMW Isetta was a four-wheeler, but the two back wheels were very close together. I think the Messerschmitt especially got a lot more utility out of its mere 200cc than the Merlin ever will with its 1500cc Harley. Not very efficient, Harleys. snip I'm going to buy one as soon as I can. I live alone so I don't care if it doesn't have a second seat. I like the fact that the Merlin Coup gets 70-90 mpg, that's equal or better than any diesel or hybrid electric on the market. Huh? Which market is that? There are quite a few diesels on the market that do better than that. You get that kind of mileage out of real cars these days. And then there's this: http://www.vwvortex.com/news/index_1L.html And also this: http://evworld.com/databases/storybuilder.cfm?storyid=312 And by 2003 things will be a lot more interesting yet. I suppose the 70-90 mpg projected for the Coupe is acceptable, and but 35mpg for the Roadster is dreadful. So's the price, for both. If they made it diesel it'd probably get 120 mpg, and a hybrid-electric version 150. A direct liquid fuel cell version would probably get 400 mpg, but would be too expensive. Maybe I'll be lucky, by the time they are in production (mid 2003) they will be flexible fuelled, i.e. gasoline/ethanol, so I won't have to do the conversion myself (not that I can't). After that I'll start building an ethanol still. After all, the oil crisis is coming, say 8 years from now, maybe 12-14 years if we're lucky... Been saying that for 50 years. Eg, US Department of State, Energy Resources of the World, p. 71 - all known petroleum reserves will be exhausted in 25 years. Date of publication: 1949. Ah, but of course we know *now*... Scientists say that every two years. And every couple years vast new oil reserves suddenly seem to get discovered. I wrote a news feature in 1980 detailing six previous fuel crises where that had happened. Another eg: RESTON, Virginia, March 24, 2000 (ENS) - The latest U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment of the world's oil and gas reserves estimates there is about 20 percent more undiscovered oil than previously believed. I don't think we'll ever run out of oil. Not that it matters much. There are very pressing reasons that we can't go on using it the way we do now, whether we're running out of it or not. However much or however little is left in the reserves, that's right where most of it ought to stay, until we learn to use it properly without wrecking the joint, if we ever do. Best Keith Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/NsdPZD/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells
Is anyone out there currently developing a direct ethanol fuel cell with sizeable power, say 6-kilowatts power output? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/wlyPtD/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Jerusalem Artichokes feedstock for ethanol
This site indicates that at 3 harvests annually the Jerusalem Artichoke, which is also adapted for northern climates, would by far outperform any other plant variety for the production of ethanol. http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/ethanol_motherearth/meCh3. html#alcoholyield Anyone care to comment? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Save on REALTOR Fees http://us.click.yahoo.com/Xw80LD/h1ZEAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
