RE: [Vo]:Nanoparticle accelerator ?
I've been out all weekend enjoying the Indian summer in the beautiful city of Bath. Skimmed this thread. This is already being done with ferrofluid thrusters. Along the lines of an inkjet printer little nozzles expel ferrofluid. We have some people at QMUL doing this. -Original Message- From: Robin van Spaandonk [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: 28 September 2008 04:40 To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: Re: [Vo]:Nanoparticle accelerator ? In reply to Jones Beene's message of Sat, 27 Sep 2008 18:03:28 -0700 (PDT): Hi, [snip] The 'magic' if there is any, would be in the special properties of the BEC state. If that state were to be strongly involved, then it is not simply 5 keV used to push nuclei together, which want to repel - but it is more comparable to 5 keV added to already superimposed nuclei, which is used to keep them in that condition for long enough, in a phase transition, so that the lower entropy alpha particle results in the ending nucleus, instead of the two deuterons repelling. This could have been essentially unknown or unappreciated when the early atom smashers were being designed... Or else - maybe that is for good reason. Perhaps it is impossible to maintain such a required very hard vacuum in an accelerator, such that the BEC state is maintained in an accelerated particle. There is an early CF experiment where Pd/D(Or was that Al?) is bombarded with fast electrons. That is almost a turned around version of what you want. IOW iso accelerating the BEC and crashing it into something, accelerate the something and crash it into the BEC. That is probably easier to do, as it avoids your vacuum problem. For that matter, if BECs are forming in CF cathodes, and fast particles are being generated by fusion events, then this is probably already happening. Regards, Robin van Spaandonk [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: [Vo]:Nanoparticle accelerator ?
Remi This is already being done with ferrofluid thrusters. Along the lines of an inkjet printer little nozzles expel ferrofluid. We have some people at QMUL doing this. Thanks, I'll check that out.
[Vo]:Nanoparticle accelerator ?
Even though there is way too much bad news fouling the air these days - let me revert to science, and throw this out concept for comment: What is wrong with the following suggestion for a linear accelerator of nanoparticles (as opposed to ions) ? To be more specific, let's say we have a fairly uniform supply of nanoparticles (the fuel) consisting of small spheres of about 1000 atoms each. The fuel can be magnetized as a PM. In one case, these particles could be manufactured starting with a standard core of C-60 (buckyball carbon) onto which is coated an iron alloy in the thickness of a few atoms and then magnetized. In another case, there could be a third layer which is more reactive (in any sense). At any rate, the most general idea is that the fuel nanoparticles, are fed in a continuous stream (and with an atomic mass of about 50,000 each) into an modified kind of linear accelerator, and then brought up to a comparatively low exit speed (as accelerators go = a tiny fraction of c.) but with a rather substantial energy in each particle, due to the large mass. The design of the accelerator itself will be most important, since particles as massive as this would not couple well to photons (or would they?). BUT since the particles can be magnetized, some kind of magnetic wave could be used to create an acceleration gradient. Possibly the simplest kind of accelerator imagineable for this particular concept might be a capillary tube made of a dielectric with magnetic properties (to 'center' the fuel particle in the tube) onto which is wound three-phase conductors - such that a travelling wavefront down the tube is expressed when the conductors are energized accordingly. Any thoughts on this? Jones BTW there are some patents for nanoparticle accelerators but most involve an expanding gas as the medium for acceleration, and none that I have discovered yet which operate this way (which seems fairly obvious, unless I am missing something).
Re: [Vo]:Nanoparticle accelerator ?
- Original Message From: Robin van Spaandonk Wouldn't it be easier to just give each nano-particle a charge and accelerate them in an electric field? Possibly - but one thing left unmentioned was the desirability of keeping the nanoparticle very cold. I am trying to find or imagine a possible QM regime for fusion, which is NOT thermonulcear per se, but employs the acceleration of the fuel particle for two reasons which are impossible to achieve in a normal LENR cell at cryogenic temperatures - where the energy of adjacent reactions quenches the active zone. Pressumably an accelerated fuel - which is in its own reference 'frame' can remain cold untill the instant it is reacted. The temperature of the target would not be relevant if the speed of the particle was sufficient -- and this would also lower the transition time from a BEC state to a very hot state. (at the same time requiring far less energy input for the acceleration than would be required to achieve a true thermonulcear state). IOW this (thought experiment) is to be a kind of a *hybrid* between hot and cold fusion -- i.e. between QM tunneling andthermonulcear fusion -- which would hopefully happen at greatly umproved statistical rates. Not sure it is even possible to accelerate a cold particle and keep it cold - as a very hard vacuum in the linear accelerator would be difficult to achieve with a constant input of particles and any stray atom would kill the cryogenic state of many particles. If a very hard vacuum could be maintained, another option might be both a ferromagnetic polarity combined with an excitonic charge in the fuel nanoparticle. Having a buckball core seems to facilitate this excitonic state, as the 'space' in the C-60 sphere acts like an electron hole, and perhaps does manage to coheren a positron from the Dirac epo field. The Frenkel electron of a bucky-exiton has typical binding energy on the order of 1.0 eV and this limits the gradient of the accelerating field (unless it is a repulsive electric field) but might allow acceleration without local heating? Jones
Re: [Vo]:Nanoparticle accelerator ?
For comparative purposes, if you accelerated a deuteron to a few million volts into a target of lithium deuteride, it would get up to a fair fraction of c. at the end -- and you would get lots of thermonuclear reactions and spallation but few of the reactions would be D + D -- 4He (with the large expected gain ~24 MeV). In contrast, should a hybrid tunneling reaction be possible; then if you accelerated a nanoparticle of cryogenic deuterium (in a Pd matrix) to a hundredth of that ending velocity, but the particle itself was 10,000 times more massive, you would expect almost zero thermonuclear reactions. However, if the BEC state was maintained till impact with any solid taget -- and there was substantial QM tunneling triggered by impact, then you might conceivably see both the large gain and a decent statistical yield. [this is unknown territory and cannot even be predicted, most likely] Lets see - at an ending velocity of 1000 km/sec and the particle itself is of a geometry below the Forster radius of 10 nm, then the trasition time on impact from the BEC state to a very energetic intermediate quark-soup phase ... well it is way sub-picosecond and that should make it all interesting, no? Basically the net or 'virtual' effect of having a fuel which already in a BEC state, is that the two reactants can be said to already occupy the same space before impact, which converts any relatively slow speed to virtual-C so long as the speed itself is sufficient to keep the particle from preheating as it gets close. ... or not? - Original Message I am trying to find or imagine a possible QM regime for fusion, which is NOT thermonulcear per se, but employs the acceleration of the fuel particle for two reasons which are impossible to achieve in a normal LENR cell at cryogenic temperatures - where the energy of adjacent reactions quenches the active zone. Pressumably an accelerated fuel - which is in its own reference 'frame' can remain cold untill the instant it is reacted. The temperature of the target would not be relevant - if the speed of the particle was sufficient -- and this would also lower the transition time from a BEC state to a very hot state. (at the same time requiring far less energy input for the acceleration than would be required to achieve a true thermonulcear state). IOW this (thought experiment) is to be a kind of a *hybrid* between hot and cold fusion -- i.e. between QM tunneling andthermonulcear fusion -- which would hopefully happen at greatly umproved statistical rates. Not sure it is even possible to accelerate a cold particle and keep it cold - as a very hard vacuum in the linear accelerator would be difficult to achieve with a constant input of particles and any stray atom would kill the cryogenic state of many particles. If a very hard vacuum could be maintained, another option might be both a ferromagnetic polarity combined with an excitonic charge in the fuel nanoparticle. Having a buckball core seems to facilitate this excitonic state, as the 'space' in the C-60 sphere acts like an electron hole, and perhaps does manage to coheren a positron from the Dirac epo field. The Frenkel electron of a bucky-exiton has typical binding energy on the order of 1.0 eV and this limits the gradient of the accelerating field (unless it is a repulsive electric field) but might allow acceleration without local heating? Jones
Re: [Vo]:Nanoparticle accelerator ?
In reply to Jones Beene's message of Sat, 27 Sep 2008 17:14:32 -0700 (PDT): Hi, [snip] and there was substantial QM tunneling triggered by impact [snip] Why would you expect this to be the case? Regards, Robin van Spaandonk [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: [Vo]:Nanoparticle accelerator ?
Hi Robin, Lets see - at an ending velocity of 1000 km/sec and the particle itself is of a geometry below the Forster radius of 10 nm, then the trasition time on impact from the BEC state to a very energetic intermediate quark-soup phase ... well it is way sub-picosecond and that should make it all interesting, no? RvS: At 1000 km/sec each proton of your nano-particle will have an energy of 5220 eV. I doubt this will be anywhere near enough to create quark-soup (i.e. to break the gluon bonds between quarks). If it were, then atom smashers wouldn't need to be huge underground devices, but could reside on a laboratory work bench. I agree entirely. But has anything been overlooked in the past? The 'magic' if there is any, would be in the special properties of the BEC state. If that state were to be strongly involved, then it is not simply 5 keV used to push nuclei together, which want to repel - but it is more comparable to 5 keV added to already superimposed nuclei, which is used to keep them in that condition for long enough, in a phase transition, so that the lower entropy alpha particle results in the ending nucleus, instead of the two deuterons repelling. This could have been essentially unknown or unappreciated when the early atom smashers were being designed... Or else - maybe that is for good reason. Perhaps it is impossible to maintain such a required very hard vacuum in an accelerator, such that the BEC state is maintained in an accelerated particle. Jones
Re: [Vo]:Nanoparticle accelerator ?
In reply to Jones Beene's message of Sat, 27 Sep 2008 18:03:28 -0700 (PDT): Hi, [snip] The 'magic' if there is any, would be in the special properties of the BEC state. If that state were to be strongly involved, then it is not simply 5 keV used to push nuclei together, which want to repel - but it is more comparable to 5 keV added to already superimposed nuclei, which is used to keep them in that condition for long enough, in a phase transition, so that the lower entropy alpha particle results in the ending nucleus, instead of the two deuterons repelling. This could have been essentially unknown or unappreciated when the early atom smashers were being designed... Or else - maybe that is for good reason. Perhaps it is impossible to maintain such a required very hard vacuum in an accelerator, such that the BEC state is maintained in an accelerated particle. There is an early CF experiment where Pd/D(Or was that Al?) is bombarded with fast electrons. That is almost a turned around version of what you want. IOW iso accelerating the BEC and crashing it into something, accelerate the something and crash it into the BEC. That is probably easier to do, as it avoids your vacuum problem. For that matter, if BECs are forming in CF cathodes, and fast particles are being generated by fusion events, then this is probably already happening. Regards, Robin van Spaandonk [EMAIL PROTECTED]
