Re: [Vo]:The Magic of Xenon
On Tue, Aug 14, 2012 at 6:15 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: On the left is a reservoir at ambient temperature and pressure which is connected to a vacuum chamber on the right through a nozzle hole. The gases expand into the chamber through this hole and during this expansion all the random kinetic energy (translational, rotational and vibrational) gets converted Cite?
Re: [Vo]:The Magic of Xenon
http://www.ias.ac.in/resonance/December2009/p1210-1222.pdf Molecule Matters van derWaalsMolecules See: page 1214 4.1 Supersonic Molecular Beams Cheers: Axil On Fri, Aug 17, 2012 at 10:07 AM, James Bowery jabow...@gmail.com wrote: On Tue, Aug 14, 2012 at 6:15 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: On the left is a reservoir at ambient temperature and pressure which is connected to a vacuum chamber on the right through a nozzle hole. The gases expand into the chamber through this hole and during this expansion all the random kinetic energy (translational, rotational and vibrational) gets converted Cite?
Re: [Vo]:The Magic of Xenon
OK, so if I understand you correctly, since (as your cite states) this supersonic cooling occurs in all gasses (not just xenon), the magic of xenon really boils down to two things: 1) The way it ionizes. 2) Its tendency to form van der Waals molecules. Is that correct? Another question: You discuss radio frequency effects to create coherent motion, as an alternative to nozzles, but I didn't see that discussed in your cite. Did I miss something? On Fri, Aug 17, 2012 at 9:26 AM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: http://www.ias.ac.in/resonance/December2009/p1210-1222.pdf Molecule Matters van derWaalsMolecules See: page 1214 4.1 Supersonic Molecular Beams Cheers: Axil On Fri, Aug 17, 2012 at 10:07 AM, James Bowery jabow...@gmail.com wrote: On Tue, Aug 14, 2012 at 6:15 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: On the left is a reservoir at ambient temperature and pressure which is connected to a vacuum chamber on the right through a nozzle hole. The gases expand into the chamber through this hole and during this expansion all the random kinetic energy (translational, rotational and vibrational) gets converted Cite?
Re: [Vo]:The Magic of Xenon
--- On Fri, 8/17/12, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: From: Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com Subject: Re: [Vo]:The Magic of Xenon To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Date: Friday, August 17, 2012, 10:26 AM http://www.ias.ac.in/resonance/December2009/p1210-1222.pdfMolecule Matters van derWaalsMoleculesSee: page 12144.1 Supersonic Molecular Beams Cheers: Axil On Fri, Aug 17, 2012 at 10:07 AM, James Bowery jabow...@gmail.com wrote: On Tue, Aug 14, 2012 at 6:15 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: On the left is a reservoir at ambient temperature and pressure which is connected to a vacuum chamber on the right through a nozzle hole. The gases expand into the chamber through this hole and during this expansion all the random kinetic energy (translational, rotational and vibrational) gets converted Cite? What about the actual straight line movement of the molecules after exiting the pressurized state, would this not be considered a translational movement? Would it be more proper to state that the random translational movement is converted to a uniform one? Otherwise we might be left questioning that since it is converted what does it get converted to? Could the above principles be applied to refrigeration since it seems obvious that a temperature loss should take place. Does the conventional equation PV=nRT apply here? HDN
Re: [Vo]:The Magic of Xenon
Specifically, RF causes excitation of the noble gas which increases the general polarization profile of the atoms of the noble gas. Polarization causes the dimmers to form as the noble gas atoms tend to stick together in response to increasing dipole-dipole interaction. In addition, increased levels of electromagnetically induced collisions among the various co-resident extra species gas atoms will transfer kinetic energy to these third party atoms which in turn cools the newly formed dimmers. The subsequent application of a spark will ionize the dimmers. This will start the formation of clusters which form around positively charged ions. These clusters are positively charged. Cluster formation will tend to favor magic numbers in their formation which are responsive to energetically favorable structures of the (charged) clusters. The positive charge polarization of these clusters can become very deep when driven by large spark voltages. See: http://web.physik.uni-rostock.de/cluster/students/fp3/HNT_E.pdf Aspects of the ionization of Van der Waals clusters Cheers: Axil On Fri, Aug 17, 2012 at 11:07 AM, James Bowery jabow...@gmail.com wrote: OK, so if I understand you correctly, since (as your cite states) this supersonic cooling occurs in all gasses (not just xenon), the magic of xenon really boils down to two things: 1) The way it ionizes. 2) Its tendency to form van der Waals molecules. Is that correct? Another question: You discuss radio frequency effects to create coherent motion, as an alternative to nozzles, but I didn't see that discussed in your cite. Did I miss something? On Fri, Aug 17, 2012 at 9:26 AM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: http://www.ias.ac.in/resonance/December2009/p1210-1222.pdf Molecule Matters van derWaalsMolecules See: page 1214 4.1 Supersonic Molecular Beams Cheers: Axil On Fri, Aug 17, 2012 at 10:07 AM, James Bowery jabow...@gmail.comwrote: On Tue, Aug 14, 2012 at 6:15 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: On the left is a reservoir at ambient temperature and pressure which is connected to a vacuum chamber on the right through a nozzle hole. The gases expand into the chamber through this hole and during this expansion all the random kinetic energy (translational, rotational and vibrational) gets converted Cite?
Re: [Vo]:The Magic of Xenon
I believe that this is how helium is liquefied.* * ** Cheers: Axil ** On Fri, Aug 17, 2012 at 12:06 PM, Harvey Norris harv...@yahoo.com wrote: --- On *Fri, 8/17/12, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com* wrote: From: Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com Subject: Re: [Vo]:The Magic of Xenon To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Date: Friday, August 17, 2012, 10:26 AM http://www.ias.ac.in/resonance/December2009/p1210-1222.pdf Molecule Matters van derWaalsMolecules See: page 1214 4.1 Supersonic Molecular Beams Cheers: Axil On Fri, Aug 17, 2012 at 10:07 AM, James Bowery jabow...@gmail.comhttp://mc/compose?to=jabow...@gmail.com wrote: On Tue, Aug 14, 2012 at 6:15 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.comhttp://mc/compose?to=janap...@gmail.com wrote: On the left is a reservoir at ambient temperature and pressure which is connected to a vacuum chamber on the right through a nozzle hole. The gases expand into the chamber through this hole and during this expansion all the random kinetic energy (translational, rotational and vibrational) gets converted Cite? What about the actual straight line movement of the molecules after exiting the pressurized state, would this not be considered a translational movement? Would it be more proper to state that the random translational movement is converted to a uniform one? Otherwise we might be left questioning that since it is converted what does it get converted to? Could the above principles be applied to refrigeration since it seems obvious that a temperature loss should take place. Does the conventional equation PV=nRT apply here? HDN
Re: [Vo]:The Magic of Xenon
hmmm xenon --- xenomorph could there be connection with Chemical Engineer's gremlin? http://user.xmission.com/~vancea/Xenomorph.htm ;-) harry On Tue, Aug 14, 2012 at 7:15 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: The Magic of Xenon The study of Xenon is a large field of physics and chemistry in its own right. Xenon is a uncommon element in the way it behaves. Xenon will convert nuclear radiation into charged electrons which makes xenon pass a current as low as one volt as a conductive thermionic diode in nuclear reactors. In plain language, Xenon converts gamma radiation into electrons. Xenon is easily ionized and can develop very large positive charge. In this behavior, Xenon and Cesium work is similar ways. This puts Xenon into the running as a “secret sauce” as far as I am concerned. Xenon also forms clusters when it is cooled. But this cooling that we are talking about here is the removal or transition of kinetic energy that the Xenon atom possesses. This cooling can be done through the transfer of translational, rotational and vibrational energy to another atom. Krypton atoms serve this function as a cooling agent. In addition, when Xenon is forced to move in a coherent direction in a group, translational, rotational and vibrational energy is converted to directional energy and the Xenon atoms are cooled but still energetic. Typical set-up for cooling noble gases is the supersonic beam technique. On the left is a reservoir at ambient temperature and pressure which is connected to a vacuum chamber on the right through a nozzle hole. The gases expand into the chamber through this hole and during this expansion all the random kinetic energy (translational, rotational and vibrational) gets converted to directional energy. A skimmer and collimator may be added to reduce the divergence at larger distances from the nozzle. Such cooling can be done using radio frequency with the ionized Xenon atoms are forced to move back and forth is unison. Any kinetic energy that the Xenon atoms have are converted to directional energy. So in plain language, Radio frequency will catalyze the formation of Xenon clusters as the atoms of Xenon are cooled by coherent motion. Cheers: Axil
