Re: [apple-crop] tree thefts

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

It is good to be cautious and alert, but it seems that this incidence is 
isolated to one group of dishonest workers.  There is no reason to be 
suspicious of anyone that is looking for work. There are many honest temporary 
workers.. Mosbah, Illinois

From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of David Doud
Sent: Friday, May 13, 2016 7:51 AM
To: Apple-crop discussion list
Subject: [apple-crop] tree thefts

Via twitter and Christina Herrick at AFG (twitter handle = @HerrickAFG)- 
http://www.growingproduce.com/fruits/apples-pears/apple-growers-rocked-with-new-planting-thefts/

“Growers deal with all sorts of challenges throughout the growing season – but 
a few Ohio growers are facing a new challenge, one that was unexpected. A group 
of temporary laborers performing spring pruning at several Ohio orchards are 
believed to have stolen more than 200 newly-planted trees…"

Used to be a stick or two, now it’s whole trees…

If anyone is interested, EverCrisp(tm) does do twitter at @EverCrispApple -

David Doud
grower, Indiana - 2 good pollination days followed by 2.5 weeks of cold wet 
weather that continues -
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Re: [apple-crop] apple size

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

Hi David: sorry for sending it to you..  It was intended for someone else.. 
Mosbah 

-Original Message-
From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of David Kollas
Sent: Wednesday, January 13, 2016 2:11 PM
To: Apple-crop discussion list
Subject: Re: [apple-crop] apple size



Mosbah:

I wonder if the attached PDF might not have been what you intended?  Or 
maybe it was sent to an unintended address?

David

On Jan 13, 2016, at 10:24 AM, Kushad, Mosbah M <kus...@illinois.edu> wrote:

> 

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Re: [apple-crop] Apple skin disorder

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

Hi David: I have not been able to download the photos.. Could you please send 
them directly via e.mail.. Thanks Mosbah Kushad University of Illinois

From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Michael Vaughn
Sent: Monday, November 30, 2015 11:29 AM
To: Apple-crop discussion list
Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Apple skin disorder

I saw these this year starting with Northern Spy in mid-October.  Then as 
November approached it became quite prevalent on other varieties (HoneyCrisp, 
Golden Delicious)  Not seeing it on Granny Smith no Gala.

This was before storage, that is on the tree.

On Sat, Nov 28, 2015 at 2:16 PM, David Kollas 
> wrote:


The two photos here show a skin-deep discoloration now appearing in several 
varieties of our stored fruit
(32-36F, air).  In most cases I can distinguish a circular lighter-colored zone 
centered on a lenticel, but this often merges into similar tan-colored skin 
beyond the single lenticel.  None of the spots I have seen is larger than the
the diameter of a 5-cent coin.  Affected skin is not different than normal skin 
to the touch. There is no pitting or
depression in the affected area.  Note that in one of the Mutsu fruits shown, 
discoloration is limited to the calyx-end points.

In several years I have seen scald symptoms near the end of storage season 
(late February, March), but
now in mid-November, I don't expect to see superficial scald. I am wondering 
whether others have seen
similar symptoms.


David Kollas
Kollas Orchard
Tolland, Connecticut; USA



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--
Michael D. Vaughn
Owner / Manager
Pie-In-the-Sky Orchards
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Re: [apple-crop] Seedless apples

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

Hi Art:  The “Macoun” variety is a self-sterile apple, like ”Jonagold”. It 
needs a pollinizer close-by to set a full crop.   Jonathan, Granny Smith, 
Elstar, Grimes Golden, and most crab apples will pollinate Macoun.   As for the 
seeds, they are needed for fruit set and for larger fruit size because they 
produce the hormone auxin, which makes the cells grow bigger.  If you see a 
lopsided fruit, chances are the bulgy cheek has viable seed(s) but not the 
other side.   Most varieties will drop their fruit if there are no seeds, 
however some varieties like Macoun will set seedless fruits of small size.   If 
there are plenty of pollinizers nearby, but the fruits did not set seeds, then 
blame it on the weather that may have kept the bees from bringing pollens from 
the pollinizer trees.  I have seen many fruits on the ground in central 
Illinois this spring because of the heavy rain and cold weather that we had 
during bloom, which kept the bees in their hives.  Mosbah Kushad, University of 
Illinois

From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Arthur Kelly
Sent: Tuesday, June 23, 2015 11:00 AM
To: Apple-Crop
Subject: [apple-crop] Seedless apples

Does anyone have any input as to why my Macoun apples fail to develop seeds?  
The seeds wither but the apples stay and are harvested.  They develop fair size 
but I can't help but think it would be better if they had a full compliment of 
seeds.  The Cortland and Gala on either side have a full compliment of seeds 
and size well with moderate thinning.

--
Art Kelly
Kelly Orchards
Acton, ME
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Re: [apple-crop] CA storage incident - UK

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

Very sad indeed I also want to alert those that still use ammonia for 
refrigeration to be extra vigilant of its danger.  Mosbah Kushad, Illinois

From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] on behalf of David Doud 
[david_d...@me.com]
Sent: Saturday, June 20, 2015 9:31 AM
To: Apple-Crop
Subject: [apple-crop] CA storage incident - UK

The manager of a fruit-packing operation has been found guilty of the 
manslaughter of two workers he asked to select apples from a low-oxygen storage 
unit without using breathing apparatus...

http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jun/19/manager-guilty-manslaughter-apple-storage

David Doud - IN
9 of rain in the last 5 days -
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Re: [apple-crop] shoot control

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

Ellen: My observations support your conclusion.. In years with heavy bloom 
Apogee is not needed and did little to show visible reduction of shoot growth.. 
We did not have fireblight in that block and so it will be interesting to hear 
comments about shoot blight infection in heavy versus light crop years.. Mosbah 

-Original Message-
From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Ellen
Sent: Friday, May 22, 2015 7:33 AM
To: apple-crop@virtualorchard.net
Subject: [apple-crop] shoot control

This question is asked out of profound ignorance, but I was just wondering if 
this is a year to skip the Apogee application?  The bloom has been so heavy, 
it's hard to see whether the shoots have grown at all.  Not much energy going 
in that direction.  What do you think?

--
Ellen McAdam
McDougal Orchards LLC
201 Hanson Ridge Road
Springvale, ME  04083
207-324-5054

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Re: [apple-crop] crop prospects

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

The update from Illinois is relatively good..  We also had snow bloom and sunny 
and warm few days during the early part of bloom which gave us good fruit set 
on the kings.   But the weather turned cold and windy during the middle and end 
of the bloom which has kept the bees in their hives.. Never the less, we should 
have pretty good crop. My concern is for the persistent cold weather that we 
are still having, which is likely to reduce the thinners activity, especially 
NAA and MaxCel.

Just curious.. I have not seen any recent postings from our Irish/Dutch  friend 
Con Trass. I hope is just busy counting his profit from last year.

Mosbah Kushad, University of Illinois
From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Michael Vaughn
Sent: Thursday, May 14, 2015 7:25 AM
To: Apple-crop discussion list
Subject: Re: [apple-crop] crop prospects

Arthur,

I have a small Orchard in NE Pa. and the trees are loaded with Blossoms.  The 
flowers opened starting Monday PM and full open by mid-day Tuesday.

Going to be a very heavy set given the dry weather forecast and nice 70 d days.

On Tue, May 12, 2015 at 12:41 PM, Arthur Kelly 
kellyorcha...@gmail.commailto:kellyorcha...@gmail.com wrote:
I don't know about the rest of you but if we get any kind of pollination 
weather the crop will be very heavy and difficult to thin.  The potential bloom 
at this point is scary.  We are at pink except for cracking some king flowers 
on Zestar, Paulared, Gingergold etc.

--
Art Kelly
Kelly Orchards
Acton, ME

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--
Michael D. Vaughn
Owner / Manager
Pie-In-the-Sky Orchards
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Re: [apple-crop] crop prospects

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

Hi Con Trass: Great to know that all is well ..  Thanks for the report .   
Mosbah

From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Con.Traas
Sent: Thursday, May 14, 2015 10:01 AM
To: 'Apple-crop discussion list'
Subject: Re: [apple-crop] crop prospects

How can I resist an invitation like the one from Mosbah?
We had an interesting spring in Ireland (as per the Chinese curse; may you 
live in interesting times). Much of March and April had settled warmer than 
normal weather, due to the unusual deviations in the jet stream (associated 
with a warming artic unfortunately), meaning that our weather patterns settle 
for much longer than we are used to. And so our trees were off to an early 
start. When the weather did eventually change, it settled into a pattern of 
winds coming from the north, which also lasted longer than usual, with the 
effect that each night grew colder as time went on, due to the cooling of the 
ground.
Consequently, quite a lot of frost damage (80-90% flower blossom loss) was 
recorded in Northern Ireland, where all the cooking apples are grown, but 
luckily not so much in the south, where I am, and I suspect that I could still 
have pretty much a full crop, despite the loss of about 20% of flowers on 
apples. The plums which bloom earlier were more badly damaged, but nothing that 
I don't expect every few years with them, due to Ireland being such a marginal 
location for growing them.
At this stage the weather is more normal (showers one day, rain the next, with 
the odd dry day) with lots of scab periods, and only just enough opportunity to 
spray, but that is the way we like it, as with almost no irrigated orchards in 
Ireland, having the soils at field capacity now, before what will hopefully be 
a nice summer (El Nino years are also warmer than average in Ireland), keeps 
the trees from stress for quite a long period.
We have a new weevil pest (I think it is called rose weevil; it is bronze 
coloured), the adults of which eats the flowers of apple and cherry as well as 
damaging the small fruitlets, but luckily the pheromones have now been 
synthesised, and trapping will begin shortly.
Other than that, on the marketing side, cider (hard), which was always 
mass-produced here in Ireland, is now undergoing a revival as about 10 smaller 
craft producers have started in the last few years, which makes it very 
exciting for growers, and also draws great attention to our small apple 
producing industry here.
Brief report over, I will try to post before prompting the next time :)

Con Traas
Life Sciences Dept.,
University of Limerick.

The Apple Farm, Tipperary.
Ph: 061-202905
M: 086-6091998
T: @theapplefarmer

From: 
apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.netmailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net
 [mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Kushad, Mosbah M
Sent: 14 May 2015 14:56
To: Apple-crop discussion list
Subject: Re: [apple-crop] crop prospects

The update from Illinois is relatively good..  We also had snow bloom and sunny 
and warm few days during the early part of bloom which gave us good fruit set 
on the kings.   But the weather turned cold and windy during the middle and end 
of the bloom which has kept the bees in their hives.. Never the less, we should 
have pretty good crop. My concern is for the persistent cold weather that we 
are still having, which is likely to reduce the thinners activity, especially 
NAA and MaxCel.

Just curious.. I have not seen any recent postings from our Irish/Dutch  friend 
Con Trass. I hope is just busy counting his profit from last year.

Mosbah Kushad, University of Illinois
From: 
apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.netmailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net
 [mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Michael Vaughn
Sent: Thursday, May 14, 2015 7:25 AM
To: Apple-crop discussion list
Subject: Re: [apple-crop] crop prospects

Arthur,

I have a small Orchard in NE Pa. and the trees are loaded with Blossoms.  The 
flowers opened starting Monday PM and full open by mid-day Tuesday.

Going to be a very heavy set given the dry weather forecast and nice 70 d days.

On Tue, May 12, 2015 at 12:41 PM, Arthur Kelly 
kellyorcha...@gmail.commailto:kellyorcha...@gmail.com wrote:
I don't know about the rest of you but if we get any kind of pollination 
weather the crop will be very heavy and difficult to thin.  The potential bloom 
at this point is scary.  We are at pink except for cracking some king flowers 
on Zestar, Paulared, Gingergold etc.

--
Art Kelly
Kelly Orchards
Acton, ME

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--
Michael D. Vaughn
Owner / Manager
Pie-In-the-Sky Orchards
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Re: [apple-crop] Managing bitter pit in Honeycrisp

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

Hi Lee: did the pitting symptoms started to develop early during fruit 
formation (when fruits are about a dime size) or did it show up late.?  Does 
the pitting goes deep into the flesh or  is it limited to skin area? You may 
have corking problem not bitter pit ..Mosbah Kushad, Illinois

From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] on behalf of lee elliott 
[pippm...@yahoo.com]
Sent: Tuesday, June 03, 2014 8:56 PM
To: apple-crop@virtualorchard.net
Subject: [apple-crop] Managing bitter pit in Honeycrisp

After reading a bunch of web sites about this problem, none really offer a 
plan, I only am concerned with bitter pit that shows at harvest and about 3 
weeks thereafter, fresh market sales,in small quarter peck bags, dont give a 
hoot about storage because I am usually sold out in 3 weeks, I have some 
Foli-cal, how much to add to 100 gal tank and how many times during the season? 
Is it a good idea to add fungicide or Imadan, or spray by itself?  Later I will 
spray trees with Surround to control sunburn, does it contain calcium, or 
prevent Cal uptake after applied? Ps the label on foli-cal is confusing, talks 
about per acre, does not compute. Its a 100gal tank sprayed to run off. Thanks, 
Lee Elliott

On Tue, 6/3/14, apple-crop-requ...@virtualorchard.net 
apple-crop-requ...@virtualorchard.net wrote:

 Subject: apple-crop Digest, Vol 42, Issue 9
 To: apple-crop@virtualorchard.net
 Date: Tuesday, June 3, 2014, 11:00 AM

 Send apple-crop mailing list
 submissions to
 apple-crop@virtualorchard.net

 To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
 http://virtualorchard.net/mailman/listinfo/apple-crop
 or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help'
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 apple-crop-requ...@virtualorchard.net

 You can reach the person managing the list at
 apple-crop-ow...@virtualorchard.net

 When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more
 specific
 than Re: Contents of apple-crop digest...


 Today's Topics:

1. Scaffolds 6/2 (Arthur M. Agnello)
2. Geneva 202 (Kevin Versnyder)


 --

 Message: 1
 Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2014 20:57:45 +
 From: Arthur M. Agnello a...@cornell.edu
 To: Apple-crop discussion list apple-crop@virtualorchard.net
 Subject: [apple-crop] Scaffolds 6/2
 Message-ID: cfb25d1c.20be8%a...@cornell.edu
 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

 A new issue of Scaffolds for the week of 6/2 has been posted
 and is available at:
 http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/2014/SCAFFOLDS%206-2-14.pdf

 A version formatted for mobile devices is available at:
 http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/2014/6-02MD.pdf

 This issue contains the following items:

 NSECTS
 - Orchard Radar Digest
 - Clearwing borers of stone fruits
 - Stinkbug survey closing soon
 PEST FOCUS
 INSECT TRAP CATCHES
 UPCOMING PEST EVENTS


 Arthur M. Agnello
 Professor and Extension Tree Fruit Entomologist
 Dept. of Entomology
 a...@cornell.edumailto:a...@cornell.edu
 N.Y.S. Agric. Expt. Sta.
   Tel:
 315-787-2341
 630 W. North St.

Fax: 315-787-2326
 Geneva, NY  14456-1371
 Agnello Lab page:
 
http://blogs.cornell.edu/agnellohttp://web.entomology.cornell.edu/agnello/links.html
 Scaffolds Fruit Journal online:
 http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/index.html
 -- next part --
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 --

 Message: 2
 Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2014 21:41:13 -0400
 From: Kevin Versnyder vsfr...@yahoo.com
 To: apple-crop@virtualorchard.net
 apple-crop@virtualorchard.net
 Subject: [apple-crop] Geneva 202
 Message-ID: e4801017-9a7b-43ff-8626-ef612748f...@yahoo.com
 Content-Type: text/plain;
 charset=us-ascii

 David Kollas, check out the latest issue of Good Fruit
 Grower. An abundance of great info on the upcoming and
 already proven Geneva rootstocks.

 Kevin J. VerSnyder

 --

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 End of apple-crop Digest, Vol 42, Issue 9
 *

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Re: [apple-crop] apple as art

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

Might be fitting to have title his project Malus eccentric rather than Malus 
ecclesia... Mosbah Kushad

From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of David Doud
Sent: Tuesday, May 13, 2014 9:49 PM
To: Apple-Crop
Subject: [apple-crop] apple as art

I don't know quite what to make of this 'New Yorker' article - 
http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/elements/2014/05/object-of-interest-the-twice-forbidden-fruit.html
 - I think some things were lost/confused in the relating and retelling of the 
story.

He (Joe Davis) plans to use synthetic biology to insert a DNA-encoded version 
of Wikipedia into the apple and create a living, literal tree of knowledge...

Anybody know what the four thousand year old strain of apple might be?  Nice 
picture of Cox Orange Pippin at the top...

David Doud
grower, IN - petal fall -


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Re: [apple-crop] apples and chemicals

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

If you are asking about diphenylamine (DPA), then it is an antioxidants that 
blocks the oxidation of alpha farnesene into conjugated trienes in the peel. 
Conjugated trienes are what causes the apple/pear peel to turn brown from 
regular or superficial scald.  It doesn’t help soft scald or sunscald.   In the 
old days they used to wrap fruits in paper soaked in mineral oil that absorbs 
the conjugated triene gas.  I have only scene this recently being practiced in 
one place.  To minimize superficial scald development, harvest fruits when they 
are horticulturally mature.  Ethoxyquin was removed from the market around the 
80’s  because it was suspected to cause cancer. However, DPA went through a 
rigorous cleaning process to remove any impurities that cause cancer.  If you 
are asking about 1-methylecyclopropene (1-MCP), also known as SmartFresh, it is 
an ethylene action inhibitor. Treated fruits produce ethylene but it does not 
work, because the sites where ethylene normally attaches itself, to initiate 
fruit ripening, are occupied by 1-MCP.  There is no evidence that  1-MCP causes 
any harm to human.Some consider 1-MCP as the best thing since CA storage 
was introduced in the 30’s -40’s.   hope this helps, Mosbah Kushad, university 
of Illinois.

Question to Con. What is the cost of using SmartFresh per bushel in your 
operation?

From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Ginda Fisher
Sent: Monday, April 28, 2014 7:08 AM
To: Apple-crop discussion list; Con.Traas; 'Evan B. Milburn'; 'Apple-crop 
discussion list'
Subject: Re: [apple-crop] apples and chemicals

Can anyone summarize what this chemical is, why and how it is used, and what 
the risks might be to farmers and consumers from its use? I feel like I walked 
into the middle of a conversation.

Thanks,
--
Typed with Swype. Who knows what I meant to say?
On April 28, 2014 4:03:51 AM EDT, Con.Traas 
con.tr...@ul.iemailto:con.tr...@ul.ie wrote:
Hello Evan and everybody,


Coming from my perspective, where we are now having to cope without DPA for 
storing Bramley (culinary) apples, I must say that is it proving tricky, but we 
are managing, through use of 1-MCP combined with more complex (and expensive 
and risky) storage regimes. So I would say it is technically possible to keep 
apples without DPA or ethoxyquin, which we also can’t use, but ironically it 
mitigates against the smaller grower, and in favour of the larger ones (big 
ag?) who can afford the higher tech gear.


It is ironic that scaring people about pesticide residues on fresh foods 
(especially fruits) actually causes people to eat more processed foods (as 
though their ingredients do not also get pesticide treatments), as the studies 
linking better health with fruit consumption are studies conducted with 
conventionally grown fruits with their pesticide residues (if they are not 
residue free). In other words, the benefits of eating fruits and vegetables are 
there in black and white, even if those fruits and vegetables have residues. It 
is far less healthy to switch to a candy bar from an apple, even if that apple 
has some residue (so long as that is below permitted levels). However, this is 
not a message we can send out, so we are left grappling when emails like this 
from EWG are circulated.


The joke of what EWG seems to be doing is producing a dirty dozen or clean 
fifteen list is that those lists say nothing at all about the risk of a 
pesticide residue on the particular apple in your fruit-bowl. You could be 
eating a residue-free fruit from among the “dirty dozen”, or one covered in 
pesticide from among the “clean fifteen”.


Despite the differences in regulations between Europe and the US (and I favour 
in general the less permissive, more cautious European standards, despite 
having to work within their restrictions), our agriculture here is constantly 
increasing in scale, and resembles more and more what would be our stereotyped 
image of US industrial agriculture. That is because the regulations have more 
in common than what separates them, and farming is becoming more and more like 
a business, and less like a passion.


I am personally not a fan of industrial agriculture, although I employ mostly 
similar methods. However, motivation is a key factor, and for me, the 
motivation is not profit maximisation. For the industrial model is about profit 
before all else, and that is not a suitable way for the World to produce its 
food.


However, as long as Joe public takes the attitude that 7% of their disposable 
income is what they will spend on food (that is the Irish %), then agriculture 
will continue to become more industrial, as for me that is not a percentage 
that can support the production of produce and foods that consumers might feel 
more comfortable buying, and might be able to have more confidence in.


So, instead of sending 45 bucks to Ken Cook, I would suggest that Joe public 

Re: [apple-crop] The Nova Scotia phytoplasma that never was...

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

The alternative is what if APP was present and they did not implement the 
quarantine? Think of the Plum Pox virus..  Mosbah

From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Vincent Philion
Sent: Thursday, October 24, 2013 3:42 PM
To: Apple-Crop
Subject: [apple-crop] The Nova Scotia phytoplasma that never was...

Hello all, for the better part of 2013, the CFIA (Canadian agency) worried the 
whole industry by reporting a case of apple proliferation phytoplasma (APP) in 
Canada.

We now learn that after intensive sampling, the whole thing was a dud.

I'm personally relieved because APP is a serious issue, but not amused.

When I think about the growers that were affected by the mandatory quarantine, 
the american nursery involved, time wasted, stress, etc

Not good, hey?

;-)

Vincent

Begin forwarded message:


From: Charlene Green 
charlene.gr...@inspection.gc.camailto:charlene.gr...@inspection.gc.ca
Subject: Information for Canadian apple stakeholders prior to the information 
session to be held on Thursday, October 24th, 2013/Information pour les 
intervenants canadiens de l'industrie de la pomme en lien avec la séance 
d'information qui aura lieu jeudi, le ...
Date: 23, octobre2013 15:59:44 HAE
To: Charlene Green 
charlene.gr...@inspection.gc.camailto:charlene.gr...@inspection.gc.ca

(Une version française suit le texte anglais)

Earlier this year, the CFIA announced the detection of a phytoplasma that was 
identified as Apple Proliferation Phytoplasma (APP) (Candidatus phytoplasma 
mali) in one apple orchard near Kentville, Nova Scotia. Through collaboration 
with phytoplasma identification experts from the United States Department of 
Agriculture (USDA), the CFIA has concluded that additional genetic information 
is required to confirm the identity of the phytoplasma detected.

As a result of this initial detection, four apple orchards of the same variety 
and showing similar symptoms were placed under quarantine, including the 
orchard where the phytoplasma was detected. Between May and October of 2013, 
the CFIA surveyed each of the four orchards on a monthly basis for signs of APP 
and collected samples. A total of 121 samples were collected and tested by the 
CFIA for APP and other phytoplasmas. The surveys found no symptoms of APP and 
the laboratory test results were negative for APP and other phytoplasmas

The Pacific Gala trees in all four orchards were imported from the same nursery 
in the United States (U.S.).  The trees in the U.S., that were the source of 
the trees in the four orchards, were tested in 2013 and all results were 
negative for APP.

As a result of negative surveys and test results, the CFIA cannot confirm the 
identity of the phytoplasma.  Consequently, the four orchards have been 
released from quarantine.  With the support and cooperation of the producer, 
the CFIA will continue to monitor the orchard where the phytoplasma was 
detected.

If you have questions regarding this issue, please contact Charlene Green by 
email or by phone at 905-938-8697.

*

Précédemment cette année, l'Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments (ACIA) 
a annoncé la détection d'un phytoplasme identifié comme étant la maladie des 
proliférations du pommier (MPP) (Candidatus Phytoplasma mali) dans un verger de 
pommes situé près de Kentville, en Nouvelle-Écosse. À la suite de travaux 
concertés avec des experts en identification des phytoplasmes du département de 
l'Agriculture des États-Unis (USDA), l'ACIA a conclu qu'il faudrait obtenir 
davantage d'information génétique pour confirmer l'identité du phytoplasme 
détecté.

À la suite de la détection initiale, quatre vergers de pommiers de la même 
variété et présentant des symptômes similaires ont été mis en quarantaine, dont 
le verger où le phytoplasme a été détecté. Chaque mois, de mai à octobre 2013, 
l'ACIA a inspecté chacun des quatre vergers, afin de déceler tout signe de la 
MPP, et a prélevé des échantillons. En tout, 121 échantillons ont été prélevés 
et analysés par l'ACIA aux fins de dépistage de la MPP et d'autres 
phytoplasmes. L'enquête phytosanitaire n'a révélé aucun indice de MPP et les 
analyses en laboratoire ont donné des résultats négatifs pour la MPP et 
d'autres phytoplasmes.

Les arbres de la variété « Pacific Gala » des quatre vergers ont tous été 
importés de la même pépinière aux États-Unis (É.-U.). Les arbres des É.-U. à la 
source des pommiers des quatre vergers ont fait l'objet d'analyses de dépistage 
de la MPP en 2013 et les résultats ont été négatifs.

En raison des résultats négatifs de l'enquête phytosanitaire et des analyses, 
l'ACIA ne peut confirmer l'identité du phytoplasme. Par conséquent, la 
quarantaine sera levée dans les quatre vergers. Avec le soutien et la 
collaboration du producteur, l'ACIA continuera de surveiller le 

Re: [apple-crop] Apple Variety Descriptions

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

The best description is name recognition.. Pepsi, coke, Frito-Lay and others 
are bombarding us with commercials so they can succeed in imprinting their 
brand in our brains..  SAMS Club is using taste testing to do the same..  you 
can send flyers with pictures of the apples or for each week feature  a variety 
where you set up a nice display, have some caramel apples made from the same 
variety, have some taste testing (pay attention to food safety), Have customers 
take one fruit home, or anything else that teaches the customer about the 
variety.. It is a lot of work, but that's how the big companies do it..  Mosbah 

-Original Message-
From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of David Patterson
Sent: Tuesday, October 08, 2013 10:15 AM
To: Apple-crop discussion list
Subject: [apple-crop] Apple Variety Descriptions

We've struggled over the last few years in describing some of the new apples.  
Sweet, Tart, Hard, etc don't seem to cut it anymore but when I try to describe 
them, I get too complicated.  I'm curious as to what descriptors you all are 
using.  Needs to be simple, yet descriptive and understandable to the general 
public.  Thanks for any feedback.  Dave Patterson, Patterson Fruit Farm, Ohio 
On Oct 7, 2013, at 3:18 PM, Jon Clements jmcext...@gmail.com wrote:

 
 
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Re: [apple-crop] Bitter pit? Stink bug?

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

Hi Jon:  the sunken dark green spots are definitely cork spots. Peel the fruit 
and you will see a brown corky area. Bitter pit usually does not go deep  and 
the spots are mostly black.   I am not sure of the brown spots. They look 
different from cork. The reason I say that is that the brown spot next to the 
cork towards the stem end of the second fruit from the left look are different. 
  Bitter pit is primarily a calcium deficiency disorder, while cork is a boron 
plus calcium deficiency symptom . Cork starts to show up when the fruits are 
about the size of a dime, while bitter pit, occurs mostly in storage and the 
spots are much smaller than cork (size of a pin) and they are shallower (one 
millimeter or less around the skin). Two pounds/acre of boron along with 6 to 8 
pounds of calcium chloride at petal fall or first cover should  take care of 
the problem..  I have seen a lot of cork  on Honeycrisp, Winecrisp and Crimson 
crisp.   Nothing to do with the crisp.. Mosbah Kushad, 
 University of Illinois

-Original Message-
From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Jon Clements
Sent: Monday, October 07, 2013 2:19 PM
To: Apple-Crop
Subject: [apple-crop] Bitter pit? Stink bug?

See attached...

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Re: [apple-crop] Bitter pit? Stink bug?

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

For those of you who want to know more about boron function in the plant. Boron 
is an essential nutrient in vascular plants; it is located mostly  in the cell 
wall forming a borate ester cross-linked rhamnogalacturonan II dimmer, which is 
an essential component of the structure and function of the cell wall.  Its 
role in maintaining the integrity of the cell wall explains the collapse of the 
cells and the sunken area of the fruit from its deficiency..  

Mosbah Kushad
University of Illinois 

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Re: [apple-crop] Apple bins

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

Hi Leslie:  I am interested in their sanitation, ease of staking and storage, 
cost effectiveness, ease of washing, and any other issues related to 
differences in both material.  Thanks, Mosbah Kushad University of Illinois

From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Huffman, Leslie 
(OMAFRA)
Sent: Friday, September 20, 2013 8:29 AM
To: Apple-crop discussion list
Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Apple bins

From a disease viewpoint or what exactly are you interested in?

Leslie
[cid:image001.gif@01CDC8A7.C95AB0F0]
Leslie Huffman
519-738-1256
leslie.huff...@ontario.camailto:519-738-1256leslie.huff...@ontario.ca

From: 
apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.netmailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net
 [mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Kushad, Mosbah M
Sent: September-19-13 5:14 PM
To: Apple-crop discussion list
Subject: [apple-crop] Apple bins

I am interested to read the opinion/experience of the group with plastic or 
wooden and collapsible or non-collapsible bins.   Thanks, Mosbah Kushad, 
University of Illinois


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[apple-crop] Apple bins

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

I am interested to read the opinion/experience of the group with plastic or 
wooden and collapsible or non-collapsible bins.   Thanks, Mosbah Kushad, 
University of Illinois


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[apple-crop] Wall Street Journal Market Watch

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

Here is an article that appeared in today's Wall Street Market Watch Website.

Interesting observations..   Does it matter to your customers if a certain 
percentage, large or small, of what you sell either at the farm or elsewhere is 
not grown at your farm?  Do they know, should they know, and does it make a 
difference?  .. Hope to hear any  experiences or questions that you may have 
been asked by your customers related to this subject.

http://www.marketwatch.com/story/10-things-farm-stands-wont-tell-you-2012-09-17

Mosbah Kushad, University of Illinois
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Re: [apple-crop] Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog -- Damaging freeze hits the Midwest U.S.

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

Western Illinois has some damage to peach fruits. Peaches have just passed 
shuck split.  There is little damage to apples, which are at 4 to 6 mm.   The 
biggest damage happened in grapes with more  than 80% of the new growth was 
scorched.   Mosbah 

-Original Message-
From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Jon Clements
Sent: Thursday, April 12, 2012 7:36 PM
To: Apple-Crop
Subject: [apple-crop] Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog -- Damaging freeze hits the 
Midwest U.S.

http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=2070

How's it looking out there?

Jon

-- 
JMCEXTMAN
Jon Clements
cleme...@umext.umass.edu
aka 'Mr Liberty'
aka 'Mr Honeycrisp'
IM mrhoneycrisp
413.478.7219
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Re: [apple-crop] Best time to start apple pruning after harvest

[Kushad, Mosbah M]

I recall a discussion in a class that I took from the Guru of plant stress 
physiology Dr. C.J. (Bud) Weiser, at Oregon State University in the early 80's 
about pruning in late fall/early winter compared to middle and late winter.  
The answer can be summarized in how fast the plants enter deep dormancy and how 
quickly they get out of it.   Dormancy relates to how quickly the water moves 
out of the cells and their surroundings and how much dormancy hormone(s) 
(abscisic acid +??) they accumulate.  In general, as the days get shorter, 
plants enter a holding pattern state called quiescence/rest before they become 
deep dormant.  If the weather is warm in late fall and early winter, the trees 
can remain in the rest/quiescence state for a longer time, but if the weather 
is cold then they move into deep dormancy much faster. Trees are much more 
susceptible to injury during the rest state than during deep dormancy (it 
relates to the water in and around the cells)

The general belief is that older trees tend to enter deep dormancy earlier (no 
scientific evidence to back this up) than younger trees. Understandably, 
because younger trees tend to have more free water in their cells because their 
tissues are more succulent and that will require longer time for the free water 
to move outside of the cells/and or become less free.  When free water freezes, 
icicles can puncture the cells causing injury that can lead to tree death.

Here are my two cents on the pruning.  If the weather in late fall and early 
winter is warm and/or you expect it to become warm 60 to 70F (16 to 21C) for 
several days (more than 4 to 5 days), then I will be hesitant to prune any 
trees, regardless of their age.   However, if the weather stays in the low 30 
to 40F then I would prune older trees and keep the younger ones for later, as 
Bill suggested, to make sure that they have entered deep dormancy.  Best of 
luck, Mosbah Kushad, university of Illinois




From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] on behalf of Fleming, William 
[w...@montana.edu]
Sent: Thursday, December 01, 2011 10:13 AM
To: Apple-crop discussion list
Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Best time to start apple pruning after harvest

I always start pruning after leafs fall mainly because the branches fall to the 
ground more easily. No leafs allow a more accurate cut and avoid cutting 
trellis wires also. Have always started pruning as early as possible to utilize 
a year round workforce. I always heard but have never seen any documentation 
that it’s not a good idea to make big cuts close to a central leader if sub 
zero F weather is anticipated. Have always saved the youngest trees for last 
when the coldest part of winter has passed.
It seems like anymore pruning has become almost a year round activity. Some 
years we haven’t finished winter pruning until long after bloom without any 
apparent ill effects but the workers hate it.
They call it “cutting bees.”

Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
Corvallis, Montana

From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Jose Manuel Pereira 
Cardoso
Sent: Thursday, December 01, 2011 4:56 AM
To: Apple-Crop
Subject: [apple-crop] Best time to start apple prunning after harvest

Hi don't know the best time to start prunning appIe trees, and if is cientific 
consistent that i   suggest that pruning the apple tree should be always start 
when the is 100% dormant, because if not dormant the plant is mobilizing the 
reservesI don´t know if is any inconvenient to carry out pruning just afterthe 
leaves fall because it coincides with the maximum translocation of reserves 
(given the scarcity of labor, which has many hectares has already started to 
prune pruning). In the latter case when you start pruning early on the one hand 
we are to reduce the reserves in buds and in some ways to help the plant to 
respond with vegetative buds and increase alternance, and we are exposing the 
plant to external agents that can cause fungal infections and by bacteria. When 
you start pruning early apple wood still not well hard it needstimely, and 
then gain more strength. As for which variety to get there. Can still be 
considered that the parcels located in areas of higher risk andlower the 
occurrence of frost can be made as close to the bud ...This year in September 
and October were too hot, and this heatkept the vegetation greener longer, 
sometimes causing a delay inentry into dormancy of apple trees that can be 
advanced with the application of copper, to force the plant to go 
dormant.Greetings
--

JMP CARDOSO
SOMA MAÇÃS MAIShttp://www.somafrutas.com/intro/intro.html

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