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References
[1]CIN CompuBulletin Circumcision Information Network Volume 2,
Number 13, 12 April 1995 Two letters to The Lancet, Vol 345, P.
927, 8 APRIL 1995 http://www.cirp.org/news/cin/1995.04.12
[2]Circumcision: The Uniquely American Medical Enigma Edward
Wallerstein Urologic Clinics of North America, Volume 12 Number 1,
Pages 123-132, February 1985.
http://www.cirp.org/library/general/wallerstein/
[3]Immunological Functions of the Human Prepuce by P M Fleiss, F
M Hodges, R S Van Howe Sexually Transmitted Infections (London),
Vol. 74 No. 5, Pages 364-367. October 1998.
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/STD/fleiss3/
[4]In Physicians' Own Words: A Short History of Circumcision in
the U.S.
http://www.sexuallymutilatedchild.org/shorthis.htm
[5]Sexual Surgery, A Short History of Circumcision
http://www.cirp.org/pages/riley/sexsurg
[6]Answers to Your Questions about Infant Circumcision National
Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers
http://www.nocirc.org/publish/pam3.html
[7]Common Circumcision Myths Exploded http://www.norm-uk.co.uk/myths/
[8]The Prepuce: Specialized Mucosa of the Penis and its Loss to
Circumcision J.R. Taylor, A.P. Lockwood and A.J. Taylor British
Journal of Urology, Volume 77, 291-295, February 1996.
http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/taylor/
[9]The Prepuce: Anatomy, Physiology, Innervation, Immunology, and
Sexual Function C.J. Cold and J.R. Taylor British Journal of Urology
(1999), 83, Suppl. 1, 34-44
http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/cold-taylor/
[10]Separated at Birth: Did Circumcision Ruin Your Sex Life?
Mark Jenkins Men's Health, pages 130-135,163 - July/August 1998
http://www.noharmm.org/separated.htm
[11]The Lost List Gary Harryman NORM Southern California
http://www.norm-socal.org/lost.html
[12]"Sight Without Color": Some Statements by Men Circumcised as
Adults Circumcision: What Your Baby Can't Tell You
http://www.sexuallymutilatedchild.org/sight.htm
[13]Complete, As Nature Intended Karen Squires BirthLove, The
Revolutionary Passion of Mothering
http://www.birthlove.com/pages/health/complete.html
[14]The Effect of Male Circumcision on the Sexual Enjoyment of the
Female Partner O'Hara K, O'Hara J.
BJU International, January 1, 1999, Volume 83, Supplement 1, Pages
79-84, http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/ohara/
[15]Original motivations for "medical" circumcision in the West
Geoffery Falk http://www.cirp.org/pages/whycirc.html
[16]Female Circumcision / Recent History in U.S. Medicine Bottom
of http://www.noharmm.org/research.htm
[17]From Ritual to Science: The Medical Transformation of Circumcision
in America"
David L. Gollaher Journal of Social History Volume 28 Number 1, p.
5 - 36 Fall 1994 http://www.nocirc.org/articles/gollaher.html
[18]Complications, risks, adverse effects of circumcision Geoffery
Falk http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/
[19]Circumcision of Healthy Boys: Criminal Assault?
Gregory J Boyle, J Steven Svoboda, Christopher P Price, J Neville
Turner Journal of Law and Medicine, Volume 7, February 2000, Pages
301-310 http://www.cirp.org/library/legal/boyle1/
[20]Newborn male circumcision: Needless and dangerous Robert Leon
Baker, M.D.
Sexual Medicine Today, Volume 3, Number 11, Page 35-36, November
1979 http://www.cirp.org/library/general/baker1/
[21]Circumcision: A Study of Current Practices Thomas J. Metcalf,
M.D., Lucy M. Osborn, M.D., MSCM, E. Mark Mariani, M.D.
Clinical Pediatrics 1983, Volume 22: Pages 575-579.
http://www.cirp.org/library/procedure/metcalf/
[22]Medical Journal Articles Documenting the Complications of
Circumcision John Erickson http://www.sexuallymutilatedchild.org/compli.htm
[23]Circumcision Complications Hugh Young
http://www.circumstitions.com/Complic.html
[24]Estimated U.S. Incidence of Neonatal Circumcision Complications
Affecting Males Born between 1940 and 1990 (immediate and physical
complications only) Tim Hammond http://www.noharmm.org/incidenceUS.htm
[25]The Common and Not-So-Common Complications of Routine Infant
Circumcision http://www.mothersagainstcirc.org/botch.htm
[26]Case Report John H. Ngan, F.R.C.S. and Michael Mitchell, M.D.
Online Pediatric Urology, February 15, 1996
http://www.infocirc.org/fourn.htm
[27]Hygienic Care in Uncircumcised Infants Lucy M. Osborn, MD,
Thomas J. Metcalf, MD, And E. Marc Mariani, BS Pediatrics, Volume
67, Pages 365-367, March 1981
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/hygiene/osborn1/
[28]Factors Affecting the Practice of Circumcision Daksha A. Patel,
MD; Emalee G. Flaherty, MD; Judith Dunn, PhD.
American Journal of Diseases of the Child, Vol 136, Pages 634-636,
July, 1982.
http://www.cirp.org/library/procedure/dpatel/
[29]Lack of consent in Louisiana The Advocate, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
17 March, 2000 http://www.circumstitions.com/Law.html#heart
[30]Circumcision and Urinary Tract Infection Geoffery Falk
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/
[31]Myth: Circumcision Inevitable Later
http://www.mothersagainstcirc.org/later.htm
[32]Breast-feeding and Urinary Tract Infection Alfredo Pisacane,
MD, MSc, Liberatore Graziano, MD Gianfranco Mazzarella, MD, Benedetto
Scarpellino, MD, Gregorio Zona Journal of Pediatrics, Volume 120
Number 1, Pages 87-89, January 1992
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/pisacane1992/
[33]Letter from Hiroyuki Kayaba to Geoffrey T. Falk, 13 December
1996 concerning UTI rates found in:
Analysis of Shape and Retractability of the Prepuce in 603 Japanese
Boys Hiroyuki Kayaba, Hiromi Tamura, Seiichi Kitajima, Yoshiyuki
Fujiwara, Tetsuo Kato and Tetsuro Kato JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Volume
156 No. 5: Pages 1813-1815, November 1996
http://www.cirp.org/library/normal/kayaba/letter1.html
[34]Among Uncircumcised Boys Remains Minimal Mary G. Ray, 1997
http://www.mothersagainstcirc.org/uti.htm
[35]Care of the Intact Penis James E. Peron, Ed. D.
Midwifery Today (November) 1991; Issue 17:24.
http://www.cirp.org/pages/parents/peron1/
[36]Care of Intact Boys Answers to Your Questions About Your Young
Son's Intact Penis Geoffery Falk http://www.cirp.org/pages/parents/care/
[37]Conservative Contemporary Treatment of Phimosis: Alternatives
to Radical Circumcision Robert Van Howe, MD, FAAP.
http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/phimosis/
[38]Circumcision in the United States Prevalence, Prophylactic
Effects, and Sexual Practice Edward O. Laumann, PhD; Christopher
M. Masi, MD; Ezra W.
Zuckerman, MA Journal of The American Medical Association Volume
277, Number 13: Pages 1052-1057, April 2, 1997
http://www.cirp.org/library/general/laumann/
[39]Penile Cancer and Circumcision Clark W. Heath, Jr., M.D.; Hugh
Shingleton, M.D.
Letter from American Cancer Society to American Academy of Pediatrics
http://www.cirp.org/library/statements/letters/1996.02:ACS/
[40]Edward Wallerstein Circumcision: An American Health Fallacy
New York: Springer Publishing; 1980 chapter 13, pages 128, 131
[41]The Psychological Impact of Circumcision R. Goldman BJU
International, Volume 83 Supplement 1, Pages 93-102, January 1,
1999 http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/goldman1/
[42]Circumcision and HIV Infection: Review of the Literature and
Meta-analysis R. S. Van Howe MD FAAP International Journal Of STD
and AIDS, Volume 10, Pages 8-16, January 1999
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/HIV/vanhowe4/
[43]Circumcision Status, HIV Infection and AIDS Geoffery Falk
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/HIV/
[44]Probability of HIV-1 transmission per coital act in monogamous,
heterosexual, HIV-1-discordant couples in Rakai, Uganda Ronald H
Gray, Maria J Wawer, Ron Brookmeyer, Nelson K Sewankambo, David
Serwadda, Fred Wabwire-Mangen, Tom Lutalo, Xianbin Li, Thomas
vanCott, Thomas C Quinn, and the Rakai Project Team The Lancet,
Volume 357: Pages 1149-1153, 14 April 2001
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/HIV/gray2/
[45]Circumcision and HIV Hugh Young http://www.circumstitions.com/HIV.html
[46]The importance of ethnicity as a risk factor for STDs and sexual
behaviour among heterosexuals Hooykaas C; van der Velde FW; van
der Linden MM;
van Doornum-GJ; Coutinho-RA (authors probably misinterpreted results,
see comment on CIRP) Genitourinary Medicine, Volume 67, Number 5:
Pages 378-83, October 1991
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/STD/hooykaas1/
[47]Circumcision and Sexually Transmitted Infections Geoffery Falk
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/STD/
[48]America Alone in Circumcising Most Newborn Males 82Mary G. Ray,
1997 http://www.mothersagainstcirc.org/majority.htm
[49]Medicaid Wastes Millions of Tax Dollars on Medically Unnecessary
Circumcisions International Coalition for Genital Integrity
http://www.themenscenter.com/intact/2001/GIAW4.htm
[50]Letter from Eileen Marie Wayne, MD British Journal of Urology
August 1997 http://www.sexuallymutilatedchild.org/emw2bju.htm
[51]Excerpts from: The Origins of Human Love and Violence James W
Prescott, Ph.D.
http://www.birthpsychology.com/violence/prescott.html
[52]Genital Pain vs. Genital Pleasure: Why the One and Not the
Other?
James W. Prescott The Truth Seeker (San Diego)(July/August)
1989;1(3):14-21.
http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/prescott2/
[53]Ending Circumcision: Where Sex and Violence First Meet Jeannine
Parvati Baker, M.A.
http://www.birthpsychology.com/violence/baker.html
[54]Circumcision and Psychological Harm http://norm-uk.org/psycheff.html
[55]Circumcision procedure (Gomco) Patient Care Magazine, March
15, 1978, pp. 82-85.
http://www.cirp.org/library/procedure/gomco/
[56]Circumcision Methods (Plastibell)
http://www.mothersagainstcirc.org/plastibell.htm
[57]Instruments Used in the Circumcision Industry Tim Hammond
http://www.noharmm.org/instruments.htm
[58]Neonatal Circumcision American Medical Association Report 10
of the Council on Scientific Affairs
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/article/2036-2511.html
[59]Pain of circumcision, pain control Geoffery Falk
http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/
[60]Circumcision, Breastfeeding, and Maternal Bonding Geoffery Falk
http://www.cirp.org/library/birth/
[61]Effect of Neonanatal Circumcision on Pain Response Anna Taddio,
Joel Katz, A Lane Ilersich, Gideon Koren The Lancet, Volume 349
Number 9052: Pages 599-603, March 1, 1997.
http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/taddio2/
[62]Psychological, neurological, and sociological impacts of
circumcision Geoffery Falk http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/
[63]A Woman's Guide to Breastfeeding American Academy of Pediatrics
http://www.aap.org/family/brstguid.htm
[64]The Case Against Circumcision Paul M. Fleiss, MD Mothering:
The Magazine of Natural Family Living, Winter 1997, pp. 36-45.
http://www.cirp.org/news/1997:Mothering/
[65]Pain and its Effects in the Human Neonate and Fetus K.J.S.
Anand, M.B.B.S., D.Phil., and P.R. Hickey, M.D.
New England Journal of Medicine. Vol. 317 No 21: Pages 1321-1329,
19 November 1987.
http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/anand/
[66]Comparison of Ring Block, Dorsal Penile Nerve Block and Topical
Anesthesia for Neonatal Circumcision Janice Lander, PhD; Barbara
Brady-Freyer, MN; James B. Metcalfe, MD, FRCSC;
Shermin Nazerali, MPharm; Sarah Muttit, MD, FRCPC.
Journal of the American Medical Association Volume 278 No. 24,
pages 2157-2162, December 24/31, 1997
http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/lander/
[67]Circumcision: I Never Got Used to It Historical Medical Quotes
on Circumcision http://circquotes.tilted.com/never.html
[68]Animal Welfare Act and Regulations United States Department of
Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural
Library http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/legislat/usdaleg1.htm
[69]Male Circumcision: A Legal Affront Christopher Price, M.A.
(Oxon) A submission in December 1996 to the Law Commission for
England and Wales in response to Consultation Paper Number 139 -
Consent in the Criminal Law http://www.cirp.org/library/legal/price-uklc/
[70]Neonatal Pain Cries:
Effect of Circumcision on Acoustic Features and Perceived Urgency
Fran Lang Porter, Richard H. Miller, and Richard E. Marshal Child
Development, 1986, Volume 57, Pages 790-802.
http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/porter/
[71]Newborn Pain Cries and Vagal Tone:
Parallel Changes in Response to Circumcision Fran Lang Porter,
Richard H. Miller, and Richard E. Marshal Child Development 1988,
Volume 59, Pages 495-505.
http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/porter2/
[72]Psychological Effects of Circumcision Gocke Cansever British
Journal of Medical Psychology Vol 38: Pages 321-31.
http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/cansever/
[73]Responses to: McFadyen,A. (1998) Children have feelings too.
British Medical Journal: 316:1616
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/316/7144/1616/a
[74]Perinatal Origin of Adult Self-destructive Behavior Jacobson
B, Eklund G, Hamberger L, Linnarsson D, Sedvall G, Valverius M Acta
Psychiatr Scand, Volume 76, Number 42, Pages 364-371, October 1987.
http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/jacobsen1/
[75]Can adverse neonatal experiences alter brain development and
subsequent behavior?
Anand KJ, Scalzo FM Biology of the Neonate, Volume 77, Number 2:
Pages 69-82, February 2000.
http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/anand4/
[76]Obstetric care and proneness of offspring to suicide as adults:
case-control study B. Jacobson, professor emeritus, and M. Bygdeman,
professor British Medical Journal 1998;317:1346-1349 (14 November)
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/317/7169/1346
[77]A Preliminary Poll of Men Circumcised in Infancy or Childhood
T. Hammond BJU International (83, Suppl. 1), p. 85-92, January,
1999 http://www.noharmm.org/bju.htm
[78]Neonatal Circumcision Reconsidered John Rhinehart Transactional
Analysis Journal Volume 29, Number 3, Pages 215-221, July 1999
http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/rhinehart1/
[79]Male neonatal circumcision trauma and brain damage Geoffery
Falk http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/brain_damage/
[80]McLean Researchers Document Brain Damage Linked to Child Abuse
and Neglect
http://www.mcleanhospital.org/PublicAffairs/20001214_child_abuse.htm
[81]A Biocultural Analysis of Circumcision Ronald S. Immerman and
Wade C. Mackey Social Biology 1998, Volume 44, Pages 265-275.
http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/immerman2/
[82]Insanity in the American Psychiatric Establishment (author
unknown) http://www.math.missouri.edu/~rich/MGM/insane.html
[83]The Compulsion to Repeat the Trauma:
Re-enactment, Revictimization, and Masochism Bessel A. van der
Kolk, MD Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Volume 12, Number
2, Pages 389-411, June 1989 http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/vanderkolk/
[84]"Look at these hands"
Deeper Into Circumcision: An Invitation to Awareness Third
International Symposium on Circumcision University of Maryland,
May 22-25, 1994 http://www.sexuallymutilatedchild.org/hands.htm
[85]American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Circumcision
Circumcision Policy Statement - 1999 Pediatrics, Volume 103, Number
3, Pages 686-693, March 1, 1999
http://www.cirp.org/library/statements/aap1999/
[86]The Foreskin, Circumcision and Sexuality Debunking Masters and
Johnson Hugh Young http://www.circumstitions.com/Sexuality.html
[87]Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) UN General Assembly
http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/UN-human/
[88]Convention on the Rights of the Child U.N. General Assembly
Document A/RES/44/25 (12 December 1989) with Annex
http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/UN-convention/
[89]UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or
Degrading Treatment or Punishment http://www.hrweb.org/legal/cat.html
[90]Male Non-therapeutic Circumcision Male and Female Circumcision:
Medical, Legal, and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice
(Denniston GC, Hodges FM and Milos MF eds.) Kluwer Academic/Plenum
Publishers, 1999, New York; 425-454
http://www.cirp.org/library/legal/price2/
[91]Therapeutic and Non-Therapeutic Medical Procedures: What are
the Distinctions?
Margaret A. Somerville Health Law in Canada, vol. 2, no. 4, 1981,
pp. 85-90.
http://www.cirp.org/library/legal/somerville1981/
[92]Attorneys for the Rights of the Child http://www.arclaw.org
[93]US Constitution: Amendment 14, Section 1: Citizen rights not
to be abridged
http://www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/constitution/amendments.html#14
[94]Circumcision Lawsuits http://circumvent.org/Lawsuits.htm
[95]Medical Journal Articles from 1969 to 1998 Documenting The Use
of Human Foreskins in Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Other Commercial
Enterprises http://www.sexuallymutilatedchild.org/fibro.htm
[96]Foreskins For Sale http://www.sexuallymutilatedchild.org/f4sale.htm
[97]Similarities in Attitudes and Misconceptions toward Infant Male
Circumcision in North America and Ritual Female Genital Mutilation
in Africa Hanny Lightfoot-Klein http://www.fgmnetwork.org/intro/mgmfgm.html
[98]FGM vs. MGM http://www.angelfire.com/ca5/intact/fgm.html
[99]Contrasting American Association of Pediatrics positions on
FGM and MGM Hugh Young http://www.circumstitions.com/AAP.html
[100]Male Genital Mutilation: Feminist Study of a Muted Gender
Issue Seham Abd el Salam, Cairo, June 1999 http://www.noharmm.org/muted.htm
[101]The Geography of Genital Mutilations James DeMeo The Truth
Seeker, (San Diego) pp 9-13, July/August 1989
http://noharmm.org/geography.htm
[102]From A Distance: Mass murder, sex and paradise Naomi Ragen
Jerusalem Post, September 6, 2001
http://www.jpost.com/Editions/2001/09/06/Columns/Columns.34250.html
[103]Extracts from: The Guide of the Perplexed by Moses Maimonides
Translated by Shlomo Pines University of Chicago, 1963.
http://www.cirp.org/library/cultural/maimonides/
[104]Emergence: From Chaos to Order John H. Holland 1999 Perseus
Press
[105]Investigations Stuart A. Kauffman 2000 Oxford University Press
[106]Signs of Life Richard Sole and Brian Goodwin 2000 Basic Books
___ In memory of John A. Erickson, a tireless child- and future-rights
activist.
See his website at www.sexuallymutilatedchild.org
41
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