Re: [Elecraft] My K3's hissy and noisy audio

2009-04-06 Thread Stewart Baker
That's my view as well. Stewart G3RXQ On Sun, 5 Apr 2009 17:09:08 -0400, Steve Ellington wrote: Perhaps the band noise is more obvious in the K3 because the low frequency audio is restricted causing the noise to be distributed over a more narrow range. This lack of bass tends to induce for ear

[Elecraft] OT Relays with diodes built in (inductive kick)

2009-04-06 Thread Stewart Baker
A catcha to be aware of if you are building kit that uses DIL plugin relays. Some of these relays have diodes already fitted internally across the coil. I have built a couple of projects on PCB's, and wondered why the relay would not operate. Reversing the coil connections got things working. 73

[Elecraft] K3: sub-rx won't work

2009-04-06 Thread DM4iM
Guys, i still could not solve the problem with the sub-rx. Over the weekend i opened the K3 and checked all TMP-cables, they are in their correct places. The pins of the sub-out and the sub-in board are correctly mated with their sockets. The Aux-DSP ist seated correctly etc etc.. In short, to me

Re: [Elecraft] My K3's hissy and noisy audio

2009-04-06 Thread Paul Christensen
Perhaps the band noise is more obvious in the K3 because the low frequency audio is restricted causing the noise to be distributed over a more narrow range. This lack of bass tends to induce for ear fatigue. Steve Ellington I agree with Steve on this one. Once more low-end was rolled into my

Re: [Elecraft] My K3's hissy and noisy audio

2009-04-06 Thread Ignacy
AGC settings and AF gain interact. With no signal you may have lots or little audio. Also, full audio can be at 20% of 50% gain. When looking at the spectrum of a CW signal one clearly see the third and the fifth harmonics. Not sure whether they are real or artifacts of a sound card but K3

Re: [Elecraft] K3: sub-rx won't work

2009-04-06 Thread W2LE
That sounds like the problem I had - the leads on T1 on the sub-in module were not soldered, some paint had been left on the leads. I cleaned the paint off and resoldered them. Paul W2LE DM4iM wrote: Guys, i still could not solve the problem with the sub-rx. Over the weekend i opened the

[Elecraft] K3 band buttons

2009-04-06 Thread Julius Fazekas
Hi Doug, Thanks for the contest Qs! Always nice to pick up the EI multiplier. As to the band button discussion, depending on your logging software, band and mode switching is easily accomplished by typing in where you want to go in N1MM. I rarely use the band or mode switches on my K3 when

Re: [Elecraft] My K3's hissy and noisy audio

2009-04-06 Thread Steve Ellington
Paul I can see how this mod would improve headphone audio but what about low frequency audio for the speaker(s)? Steve Ellington n...@carolina.rr.com - Original Message - From: Paul Christensen w...@arrl.net To: elecraft@mailman.qth.net Sent: Monday, April 06, 2009 6:54 AM Subject: Re:

Re: [Elecraft] My K3's hissy and noisy audio

2009-04-06 Thread Paul Christensen
Steve, Someone else responded to me in private with the same question. Here's my answer: The K3 speaker output has something like 470 uF of C in series with the speaker output amp. That's reasonably adequate. The problem with the K3 speaker's bass frequency response is not the electrical

Re: [Elecraft] OT: MFJ Quality Issues

2009-04-06 Thread Gary D Krause
I've had issues lately with MFJ as well. Last year I ordered a Vectronics keyer kit. It works fine but, the cabinet was punched wrong. The holes didn't even match the kit. I called and was told they would send one. I waited two or three months and called again. This time I was told that

[Elecraft] K3 - setting NB for subRX

2009-04-06 Thread ON4WIX
Hi all, I've got a question re the operation of the NB when using the subreceiver. I have a K3 with KRX3, running the latest beta F/W (3.06). VFO IND is set to NO. If I understand the manual errata correctly, when I switch the NB on it should be operational on both main and sub receivers.

Re: [Elecraft] K3 audio

2009-04-06 Thread Ignacy
This reminds me somethnig. The audio in my K3 sounded much better with noise-canceling phones than with regular headphones. The first one had high amplification and probably high impedance. So the problem may be due to inadequate AF amplifier in K3. I the AF mod helping much? Ignacy

Re: [Elecraft] K3 audio

2009-04-06 Thread Barry N1EU
Evert Bakker (PA2KW) wrote: For me, I'm quite sure it has to do with the digitalization. That sound is far from natural and is ADDITIONAL to the normal audio signal. That addition sounds sharp, metallic, like these extreme low cost jingle bell sounds in all kind of gifts (sorry for the

[Elecraft] OT: J and -31 mix toroids

2009-04-06 Thread Julius Fazekas n2wn
I know there are several folks here who could answer this questions. I'm looking to improve my current chokes for my 160 and 80 Tx antennas. I was planning on going with -43 material, but after reading thought -J and/or -31 mixes might be a better solution. The 31 mix seems a bit more

[Elecraft] Fw: K3 - setting NB for subRX

2009-04-06 Thread ON4WIX
FWIW: I just loaded F/W 2.78. NB works FB on both main and sub receivers. Must be a firmware bug in 3.06 then... Anyone who can duplicate this? 73 Glenn ON4WIX - Original Message - From: ON4WIX on4...@skynet.be To: elecraft@mailman.qth.net Sent: Monday, April 06, 2009 5:00 PM Subject:

Re: [Elecraft] Fw: K3 - setting NB for subRX

2009-04-06 Thread Peter Connors
Cannot duplicate here: F/W 3.06, VFO IND no, NB operational in both rx across full range of NB parameters. 73 Pete F5VNB ON4WIX wrote: FWIW: I just loaded F/W 2.78. NB works FB on both main and sub receivers. Must be a firmware bug in 3.06 then... Anyone who can duplicate this?

Re: [Elecraft] Fw: Re: My K3's hissy and noisy audio

2009-04-06 Thread Eric Scace K3NA
No. It's 3 resistors in a T or pi attenuator circuit. There are many attenuator calculators on the web (just Google) to help select the appropriate resistors for your headphone impedance and desired amount of attenuation. One attenuator is needed for each ear. on 2009-04-05 22:14 Billy Cox

Re: [Elecraft] K3 VFO B Not Working

2009-04-06 Thread wayne burdick
Greg, We had a couple of VFO encoders fail; the manufacturer found the problem and corrected it. We can send you a replacement. Please contact k3supp...@elecraft.com for details. tnx Wayne N6KR On Apr 6, 2009, at 9:52 AM, wa1...@comcast.net wrote: I have a K3 SN 1553 When I first power

[Elecraft] FS: K2 #5723

2009-04-06 Thread KU4YP
Before I put it on the auction site, I'd like this to go to someone on the list if they want it. $550.00 shipped to lower 48. Unbuilt 160meter and noise blanker option. Contact me off list if interested. 73 mike ku4yp bpd...@wildblue.net

[Elecraft] K3 audio

2009-04-06 Thread wayne burdick
Maarten, If you send me recordings of your K3 audio (and if possible, recordings of your other rig's audio for comparison), Lyle and I will listen to them and see if we think there's anything wrong (excessive hiss, harshness, etc.). This is certainly not the case with my K3 or any of those

Re: [Elecraft] OT: MFJ Quality Issues

2009-04-06 Thread Eric Swartz - WA6HHQ, Elecraft
Folks - This thread was ended last week. 73, Eric WA6HHQ Elecraft List Moderator Gary D Krause wrote: I've had issues lately with MFJ as well. __ Elecraft mailing list Home: http://mailman.qth.net/mailman/listinfo/elecraft Help:

Re: [Elecraft] FS: K2 #5723

2009-04-06 Thread Mike-WE0H
Wow that's a killer deal. -- Mike WE0H K2 #6698 SKKC #5446 KU4YP wrote: Before I put it on the auction site, I'd like this to go to someone on the list if they want it. $550.00 shipped to lower 48. Unbuilt 160meter and noise blanker option. Contact me off list if interested. 73 mike ku4yp

Re: [Elecraft] Fw: Re: My K3's hissy and noisy audio

2009-04-06 Thread Steve Ellington
This little gadget from Radio Shack will act as an attenuator. I use it on my IC-7000. You can adjust it for no hiss then crank up the AF gain for normal listening. http://www.radioshack.com/product/index.jsp?productId=2102975 I use Bose Tripod headphones on the K3 and there is no audio hiss

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Hissy and Noisy Audio

2009-04-06 Thread Steve Ellington
Roy Is what you call hissy just a lack of bass? I think of hissy as high pitched white noise, like wind blowing through a narrow pipe. Is that what you hear? Adding low freq. audio won't reduce hiss at all but I don't think we are dealing with hiss. I think the lack of bass gives us the

[Elecraft] K3 Hissy and Noisy Audio

2009-04-06 Thread Roy Morris
I concur with what has been said regarding the hissy audio. The receiver audio seems to be on the mid-range to high frequency side without enough low frequencies in the passband. Experiments with RX EQ apparently have not done anything to eliminate this hiss, but maybe the firmware can be

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Hissy and Noisy Audio

2009-04-06 Thread Bill Johnson
Have you tried setting the receive equalizer? I set mine for the audio I like to hear I don't have the issue, sometimes I find exactly the opposite depending on all my settings and then decide whether I would like to touch the settings up a bit. (I did just get high marks from a recent hearing

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Hissy and Noisy Audio

2009-04-06 Thread Arie Kleingeld PA3A
I have tried to adjust the audio of the K3 to my liking. Hi side of spectrum: To get rid of the higher freq's I set the RX-eq 8 to minus 8dB. Lo side of the spectrum: I tried out the RX-eq 1 and 2. Absolutely no difference! Not even with the lo cut set to zero. RX-eq 3 (200Hz) responded better.

Re: [Elecraft] K3: Firmware upgrade harder than construction...Help

2009-04-06 Thread Iain MacDonnell - N6ML
Jay wrote: After 10 months I decided to upgrade my firmware from the original 2.16 since I just got the KXV3 and KRX3...Frustration! Have a USB 2.0 to RS232 Serial adapter and have tried it in all my USB plugs and in Com ports 1, 2, and 4 which are shown as choices on the K3

[Elecraft] K3: Mods/Additions..Suggestions for order of install please.

2009-04-06 Thread Jay
I'm ready and have all mods (diodes, AF output, Audio Line) and the I/O board upgrade, KXV3 and KRX3 ready to go. Want to attack this without having to keep removing things over and over. Should the (diodes, AF output, Audio Line) mods go first, then the I/O board upgrade, KXV3 next and

Re: [Elecraft] K3 audio

2009-04-06 Thread Evert Bakker (PA2KW)
Bill, Thanks for support. Unfortunately I do have to disappoint you about the suggestions. I tried, but absolutely no effect when changing the RX-EQ setting. Even when 2.4 and 1.6 were set at -16, it did not have any effect. Except when the original audio signal became weaker due to the lowered

Re: [Elecraft] K3 audio

2009-04-06 Thread Evert Bakker (PA2KW)
Hello Barry, I will try. I saw some recording programs lately on the reflector. I'll try to find them and install it. W'll keep in touch. 73's, evert PA2KW -Original Message- From: elecraft-boun...@mailman.qth.net [mailto:elecraft-boun...@mailman.qth.net] On Behalf Of Barry N1EU Sent:

[Elecraft] K3 Error message

2009-04-06 Thread James R. Kauten, MD
Whenever I turn on my K3 I see ERR PL2 go across the screen then everything else seems to come up fine. What is this error message? Jim, W4TE K3 #353 ++ James R. Kauten, MD kau...@atnex.net ++ __

Re: [Elecraft] OT: J and -31 mix toroids

2009-04-06 Thread Jack Smith
You might wish to experiment with Steward mix 35 or 40 toroids. Mix 35 has a relative permeability of 5000 and mix 40 is 10,000. Fair-Rite's 31 material has a relative permeability of 1500. Digikey carries several sizes of toroid cores in mix 35 and 40 at moderate price. Search DigiKey's web

[Elecraft] [K3] Ref Osc Cal Method 4

2009-04-06 Thread Wes Stewart
I've been spending a lot of time looking at the Line Output of my K3 using the wonderful (and more remarkably, free) Spectrum Lab program. http://freenet-homepage.de/dl4yhf/spectra1.html In so doing, I developed an alternate way to set the K3 (or other radio) Ref Osc. frequency if you have a

[Elecraft] OT:LED Lighting

2009-04-06 Thread Wes Stewart
There was some earlier discussion about LED lighting and I thought this article might be illuminating. http://electronicdesign.com/Articles/ArticleID/20825/20825.html Wes Stewart N7S __ Elecraft mailing list Home:

Re: [Elecraft] OT: J and -31 mix toroids

2009-04-06 Thread Jack Smith
I should also mention that Mouser carries some Fair-Rite mix 31 cores. They are in the catalog at Fair-Rite -- http://www.mouser.com/catalog/637/917.pdf is the current catalog page. Jack K8ZOA Julius Fazekas n2wn wrote: I know there are several folks here who could answer this questions.

[Elecraft] K3 Hissy and Noisy Audio

2009-04-06 Thread Sverre Holm
Audio is notorious for having a very subjective vocabulary, and this may make it hard to understand what is meant. I hear terms like hissy, rounder, lack of bass etc in this discussion. In an attempt to make this discussion more to the point I would suggest this list compiled by Bruce Bartlett

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Hissy and Noisy Audio

2009-04-06 Thread Bill Johnson
After reading all the postings about audio, I tried a couple of different ear sets. I set all but my equalizer to normal settings for SSB. My equalizer I didn't touch until I tried to see the impact when I tried different earbuds. I do not have Heil pro's as I don't like the cover the ear

[Elecraft] Artificial RF Ground - Redux

2009-04-06 Thread NG3V
To all who took the time to answer my questions about the MFJ Artificial RF Ground - Thank you! I sincerely appreciate the well thought out replies and references. After digesting as much as I could I decided to go simple and work up. I began with 11 turns of RG-8X around a 4 inch PVC pipe,

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Hissy and Noisy Audio

2009-04-06 Thread Andrew Faber
Sverre, What's great about this vocabulary (and Ed, W0YK, who is a master vintner may want to comment) is that you can use this same wonderfully imprecise audio vocabulary to describe another object of notoriously subjective taste -- wine. For example, I've been tempted to hit Ed with the

Re: [Elecraft] K3 audio

2009-04-06 Thread Paul Fletcher
Hi Evert, You are not alone - my K3 and another I tried experience the same symptoms. I can't work out the cause but inserting a low pass filter in the headphone output fixes the problem. I found the same as you in that increasing the AF gain makes things worse but I don't know if this is

Re: [Elecraft] K3: Mods/Additions..Suggestions for order of install please.

2009-04-06 Thread Bill W4ZV
I'm ready and have all mods (diodes, AF output, Audio Line) and the I/O board upgrade, KXV3 and KRX3 ready to go. This might help but it doesn't include installing a KXV3 and KRX3: http://mailman.qth.net/pipermail/elecraft/2009-February/105704.html 73, Bill -- View this message in

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Hissy and Noisy Audio

2009-04-06 Thread Joe Subich, W4TV
Perhaps NR could also be improved with more low frequencies in the passband. Please NO! I already run RX Audio bands 1 and 2 at -16 dB to eliminate excessive bass - no more bass, please! The hiss many seem to be complaining about is broadband noise in the audio (speaker) and/or headphone

[Elecraft] K3 with PW-1 and Microham MKII

2009-04-06 Thread John Gaynard
How do I get the PW-1 to follow the K3? I have the MKII cabled to the CI-V port on the PW-1 and to the same connection as my SteppIR on the MKII. The SteppIR follows perfectly. The PW-1 on Radio bus box is greyed out. The PW-1 is not following at all. John

Re: [Elecraft] K3 audio

2009-04-06 Thread David Lankshear
Thanks, Wayne. I wanted to ask about the hissy and brittle audio on my own K3 a while back, but at the time, certain forces on the reflector seemed intent on putting down such audacious critique (NOT, I emphasise, anyone from Elecraft central). Instead, I chose to take the coward's option and

Re: [Elecraft] OT: J and -31 mix toroids

2009-04-06 Thread David Cutter
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] OT: J and -31 mix toroids You might wish to experiment with Steward mix 35 or 40 toroids. Mix 35 has a relative permeability of 5000 and mix 40 is 10,000. Fair-Rite's 31 material has a relative permeability of 1500. Digikey carries several sizes of toroid cores in

Re: [Elecraft] K3 with PW-1 and Microham MKII

2009-04-06 Thread Joe Subich, W4TV
The PW-1 is not following at all. Have you followed the configuration steps in the PW-1 manual to lock it to the CI-V address used in the microKEYER II? -Original Message- From: elecraft-boun...@mailman.qth.net [mailto:elecraft-boun...@mailman.qth.net] On Behalf Of John

[Elecraft] PSK 31

2009-04-06 Thread Ron Midwin
Gentlemen: I've been playing around with PSK-31 and can sort of get it working, using the K-3 and the Elecraft software. I am able to send by typing text into the software, and someone on the same frequency can hear and copy me. I was having difficulty copying him, even thought I was hear

Re: [Elecraft] PSK 31

2009-04-06 Thread Lyle Johnson
I've used PSK-31 before on a previous 746 Pro and a Tigertronics USB box, and it worked fine. I was able to see the waterfall on my computer screen and could select a signal by clicking on the signal on the display. Not sure if I can still do this using elecraft software? Use the same PC

Re: [Elecraft] K3: Firmware upgrade harder than construction...Help

2009-04-06 Thread Dick Dievendorff
Jay, there's a K3 Utility Help page dedicated to troubleshooting USB to Serial adapter issues. My guess is that you're not finding the right COM port number for the USB to Serial Adapter. There's a separate troubleshooting Help page, Finding the right COM port on that topic. 73 de Dick, K6KR

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Hissy and Noisy Audio

2009-04-06 Thread Jay Bromley
Hi Joe, Looking at Spectra right out of the Phones output, I don't see where bands 1or 2 do all that much in lowering K3's bass. Having the rig on SSB using the 2.7 Khz filter, the Lo on 0, I see no change on bands 1 and 2 when I set them to -16. What I am missing here? I have never seen or

Re: [Elecraft] K3: Firmware upgrade harder than construction...Help

2009-04-06 Thread SidShusterman
Dick, This may not be the case. I struggled for 2 months to get my USB to serial cable to work correctly. I bought the Elecraft cable, downloaded the Prolific driver and I could not get,in my case, LP Pan to function properly. I fixed it yesterday, after some local help (Tnx N3EAQ) and an

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Audio

2009-04-06 Thread Jim
Ken, I am with you. I like the K-3 receive audio on phone and am not a fan of the down to 0 audio. For many years I have referred to this as, Low order distortion. Also, I don't like that dull thud sound some of the guys exhibit with the excessive wide audio and external equipment. Too much

[Elecraft] K3 Headset Redux

2009-04-06 Thread David Gilbert
Per the discussion a couple of weeks ago regarding lightweight headsets for the K3, I decided to look for the cheapest one I could find that would still give good results. Amazingly, I found a really lightweight computer headset for $10 at Tiger Direct that has foam covered earphones, a foam

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Hissy and Noisy Audio

2009-04-06 Thread Steve Ellington
You are right Jay. Bands 1 and 2 do nothing. There's nothing to reduce! Steve Ellington n...@carolina.rr.com - Original Message - From: Jay Bromley jayw5...@gmail.com To: li...@subich.com; 'Roy Morris' w4...@carolina.rr.com; elecraft@mailman.qth.net Sent: Monday, April 06, 2009 7:47 PM

Re: [Elecraft] PSK 31

2009-04-06 Thread Leigh L. Klotz, Jr WA5ZNU
Ron AE6RH wrote: I've been playing around with PSK-31 and can sort of get it working, using the K-3 and the Elecraft software. I am able to send by typing text into the software, and someone on the same frequency can hear and copy me. I was having difficulty copying him, even thought I was

[Elecraft] K3 Hissy and Noisy Audio

2009-04-06 Thread Roy Morris
There seems to be no consensus as to what the hiss or noise is. Therefore, there is no consensus on how to fix it. This noise, whatever it is, is something I can live with because I think the K3 is the best overall transceiver I have owned to date. Forget this noise thing. My main concern

Re: [Elecraft] PSK 31

2009-04-06 Thread Leigh L. Klotz, Jr WA5ZNU
More tips: Make sure you've updated to the latest beta firmware (3.06).. Then hold DISP to get the ALC display. Set power to 15W or so (or 10 if you have the K3/10). Adjust the LINE knob (right of the RX RF Gain knob) until the bars reach teh frist big ALC bar, #5. Leigh/WA5ZNU Ron AE6RH

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Hissy and Noisy Audio

2009-04-06 Thread Paul Christensen
You are right Jay. Bands 1 and 2 do nothing. There's nothing to reduce! On my modified K3, adjusting band 2 (100Hz) will produce bone-jarring bass when boosted above +5 dB. However, even though my moded K3 easily produces audible beats down to 30 Hz, adjusting Rx EQ band 1 (50 Hz) has no

Re: [Elecraft] Elecraft Digest, Vol 60, Issue 10

2009-04-06 Thread David Dunn
Re Hissing Audio I must make a comment here, re the hissy audio. postings. Not my findings, I find the audio of the K3 the best I've ever found in a communications rx in over 50 years. In basic flat response form as default set up , I found the audio basey for rx, and when transmitting, I had

[Elecraft] For Sale: E-MU0202 USB Soundcard for LP-PAN

2009-04-06 Thread David Inger
If you have a fast computer and want the best performance from your LP-PAN panadapter, the E-MU is for you. This is a brand new, unused unit in the original packaging. It comes with everything in the box straigt from the retailer. $95.00 plus Priority Mail shipping. 73 de K6SBA David Inger

Re: [Elecraft] K3 external speakers

2009-04-06 Thread Ralph Tyrrell
I have had these Best Buy speaker since Dec 1, small and sound great. Am very pleased with them 73, Ty, K3 696 --- On Sat, 4/4/09, Jay Rodaman k2...@optonline.net wrote: From: Jay Rodaman k2...@optonline.net Subject: Re: [Elecraft] K3 external speakers To: elecraft@mailman.qth.net Date:

[Elecraft] K3 Hissy and Noisy Audio

2009-04-06 Thread Mike Scott
Audio is notorious for having a very subjective vocabulary, and this may make it hard to understand what is meant. I hear terms like hissy, rounder, lack of bass etc in this discussion. In an attempt to make this discussion more to the point I would suggest this list compiled by Bruce Bartlett

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Hissy and Noisy Audio

2009-04-06 Thread John Klewer
Perhaps I'm in the minority hereusing some nice quality hi-fi bookshelf speakers.I love the way the K3 sounds. YMMV John, N6AX Mike Scott wrote: Audio is notorious for having a very subjective vocabulary, and this may make it hard to understand what is meant. I hear terms

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Hissy and Noisy Audio

2009-04-06 Thread Joe Subich, W4TV
Looking at Spectra right out of the Phones output, I don't see where bands 1or 2 do all that much in lowering K3's bass. You won't see much on the headphone output because of the 10 uF coupling capacitors. The effect is quite obvious on both the speaker output and the line output (if you

Re: [Elecraft] Mods/Addition suggestions for order of installplease

2009-04-06 Thread Fred Atchley
Jay, you may want to consider doing one mod at a time. That way, if something goes wrong you know exactly where to look. If you do all then you may be looking for a needle in a haystack. 73, Fred, AE6IC __ Elecraft mailing list Home:

Re: [Elecraft] PSK 31

2009-04-06 Thread Leigh L. Klotz, Jr WA5ZNU
I looked through this guide at Radiofest in Monterey, CA and it looked good. Leigh/WA5ZNU For the novice/apprentice PSK31 operator the best starter text I have seen is: Nifty E-Z Guide to PSK31 Operation Bernie Lafrenierer, N6FN 2008, Nifty Ham Accessories

Re: [Elecraft] My K3's hissy and noisy audio

2009-04-06 Thread Joe Subich, W4TV
Now upgrade the series caps to 330 uF and re-run the calculation. With 32-ohm phones (ref 100 Hz), the frequency response improves to 15 Hz. Now that's t real Hi-Fi on par with what Icom delivers and the difference is immediately noticeable to anyone -- not just the folks with golden

Re: [Elecraft] OT: J and -31 mix toroids

2009-04-06 Thread Jim Brown
On Mon, 06 Apr 2009 17:03:50 -0400, Jack Smith wrote: You might wish to experiment with Steward mix 35 or 40 toroids. Mix 35 has a relative permeability of 5000 and mix 40 is 10,000. Fair-Rite's 31 material has a relative permeability of 1500. Relative permeabilility varies with frequency --