Trying to get my K3 to go into Reference Oscillator Calibrate routine using
Option
#3 (temp compensation). I have Tech MD enabled [ON], but I cannot toggle
out of REF CAL to get to REF xxC. It just stays on REF CAL
regardless of
tapping the 1 button on the numeric keypad. Latest K3 firmware
Paul. Please check your errata sheet. This calibration method is not yet
implemented in the firmware. Best method to use right now is to use WWV
until the FW is ready for method 3.
AhhhI did not see the back side of the errata sheet page. Tnx Greg.
Paul, W9AC
As indicated earlier, I included a link to a photo that shows my K3's
upgraded Amphenol SO-239 connectors.
216.229.20.37/images/K3.jpg
The Mouser catalog P/N is 523-83-798. The Amphenol P/N is 83-798.
In spending some time reviewing the placement of the K3's SO-239 connectors,
the RF
216.229.20.37/images/K3.jpg
216.229.20.37/images/K3-1.jpg
The mail list server is blocking my complete, linked URLs. To access the
photos, please include http://; in from of the IP address.
Paul, W9AC
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Todd brings up a good point. I ran out of range while calibrating at the 5W
and 50W level.. I got pretty close but ran out of adjustable range.
Also, I am confused as to what is happening with the RF Gain Calibration
procedure. The routine calls for setting power level at a pre-set level
I should also state that when I was calibrating my K3 wattmeter, I was
looking at three wattmeters in series -- an LP-100, Array PowerMaster, and
Alpha 4510. Each wattmeter reads within 2% of each other into a Bird
TermaLine load.
Paul, W9AC
- Original Message -
From: Paul
No, it's not an issue of what communications receivers do. The Orion
passband is flat down to 50hz.
Agreed, Barry. While not considered traditional communications audio,
expanding Rx audio bandwidth down to 50 Hz is a whole new listening
experience.
I also notice that in CW, the K3's Rx
A useful feature for K3s that don't have the sub-receiver would be to
duplicate the REV function on the SUB button.
What a great idea!!! :-)
I'll second that motion.
Paul, W9AC
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You
For the life of me, I don't understand the apparent need (not just
on the Elecraft reflector) for hams who want (demand) that their ham
radio gear be so incredibly accurate (not to be confused with
precise).
Doug, the issue is not attaining lab-grade accuracy with the K3. The issue
is in
I am all for making changes to buttons to make things easier, but I
wonder if some are jumping the gun a little to fast here. This is a NEW
radio and it takes time for an operator to get use to it. Change is good,
but change to make the rig similar to other rigs might not be the answer.
Lee:
I have to admit that I would like to know the answer to this one too!
Vic, the idea is to minimize any propensity for Tx error. Far too many ops
call the DX station incessantly without listening. These are the guys I
would really hate to see using A/B.
If you're really cognizant about
Please leave the REV button exactly as it is now, for those who like it
that way. But if the sub-rx is not installed, please also make the unused
SUB button do the same as the existing REV button.
Agreed, Ian. I mis-spoke as to activating the REV function by depressing
SUB via a menu item.
You either crimp or Solder - not both
I crimp and solder. But an explanation is in order:
I begin by crimping the PowerPole connector to the stranded wire. When the
crimp is complete, I then apply silver bearing solder ONLY to the very tip
of the stranded wire where it butts up against the
If the center frequency was set to 1.225 KHz (or close) as you suggest,
then
the 2.7 KHz filter would let though too much opposite-sideband energy. We
want some stopping power down close to zero Hertz, so the filter edge is
kept 250 Hz above zero.
Bruce, as Barry points out, the K3's audio
Billions of people are quite happy with the 300kHz cutoff used by the
public telephone system (a total of 3.1kHz between 300 and 3.4kHz).
Presumably, you mean 300 Hz, and not 300 kHz.
The critical frequency for speech communications is the lowest formant
frequency; it is the resonances in the
Because of this, I've changed my tune and I now recognize that a
straight key is not a beginner's tool, but is for the intermediate CW
operator.
Keith,
It's commendable that your kids have shown an interest in Morse. I learned
basic letter formation using a straight key, but only for the
Rethink the kit. I got mine in kit form, #501, and it isn't right yet.
OTOH, when I received my kit, I was dreading the assembly process. I have
built many kits and home-brew transceivers through the years, so the
enjoyment of step-by-step assembly was lost many years ago. I enjoy the
I would like to see someone please take this discussion one step
further and define the terms hard keying and soft keying, and describe
how either an operator or someone listening would be able to discriminate
between the two.
Gary, this topic has been covered in great detail in nearly
Terms such as tightening up key shaping and soft keying and hard
keying are neither used nor defined in the latest issue of the Handbook.
My 1998 issue of the ARRL Handbook discusses the relevancy of hard keying
on p. 15.7 and even uses that term to try and describe the effect. On the
same
problem. You probably can make a decent connection without a special
tool--it's just harder to do.
I would suggest that if someone does not have a precision APP crimp tool
that they simply solder the pins, despite the fact that in the long run,
cable flexing and vibration will eventually
of articles in NCJ a few years ago providing details.
Anyone have the title/author of the NCJ article(s)?
Paul, W9AC
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Not only SSB. I have overshoot on CW.
This problem appears to be rig-specific. I just duplicated his test using
three wattmeters in series, together with a Bird 4273 RF sample. The sample
feeds a Tektronix SC504 oscilloscope. My wattmeters are the Alpha 4510,
LP-100, and Array
I tried something last night that may be of interest to some CW ops.
Although most of us are always in search of ways to narrow CW bandwidth,
there are times when listening to CW is made more enjoyable when the
receiver is allowed to open up a bit, especially with AFX activated.
In order to
Doug,
I can't, for the life of me, figure why anyone would want to listen to
cw with a really wide filter, but.
I can't, for the life of me, figure why anyone would want to partake in
contesting.
Listening to CW with a wide filter often reveals keying effects that are
otherwise masked
In the CONFIG menu, there is a SPLT SV entry which you can turn ON to save
the split. I just tried it on #202 with latest firmware and it works
here.73, Ken K3IU
Ken,
Good job. With that suggestion, the entire procedure I mentioned (including
split recall) is now automated by saving into
a bit confusing.
Bob NW8L
On Mon, Apr 21, 2008 at 6:44 AM, Paul Christensen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
In the CONFIG menu, there is a SPLT SV entry which you can turn ON to
save
the split. I just tried it on #202 with latest firmware and it works
here.73, Ken K3IU
Ken,
Good job
I'm sure Eric and Wayne are quite capable of filtering these requests based
on value, need and priority. Most successful companies want, and depend on
constructive feedback like this.
Paul, W9AC
- Original Message -
From: K3KO [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: elecraft@mailman.qth.net
Sent:
The standard Kenwood wiring has the 8 volts or so on a different pin than
the Elecraft uses. I think the Kenwood is pin 5, and the Elecraft is pin
6--or maybe I have that backwards. But there is a difference.
That's news to me. Can someone confirm that the +8VDC is on another pin
other
See FAQ on Elecraft Web site under Microphone connections. Bias is on pin
6. Bob Serwy - N9RS
I see it and it states this:
The K3 8-pin microphone connector is wired the same as the K2 using the
Kenwood pin-out.
The pin-out may be close to Kenwood's, but it is not the same. I literally
Click on the DIAGRAM button and look at the pin out.
Bob Serwy - N9RS
Right, based on the diagram, it is not 100% compatible with Kenwood.
Paul, W9AC
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My pick is the RadioShack Optimus 8 or 11. I believe these are long out of
production but widely available used on the Internet. I also second N4LQ's
recommendation on the MFJ ClearTone for CW.
I think the audio fullness of the existing K3 speaker could be
substantially improved with the
Can someone confirm the default file location for the K3 update utility when
updating through the Internet? Tnx!
- Original Message -
From: Lyle Johnson [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: G4ILO [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Cc: elecraft@mailman.qth.net
Sent: Sunday, May 04, 2008 2:47 PM
Subject: Re:
I'm not sure if this has been mentioned before, but after a F/W upgrade, I
found that I need power down the K3, then re-press the power button.
Otherwise, some anomalies exist, including elevated headphone hiss and
slight clicks in the monitor when sending CW.I've now noticed this on at
Every time I see the term ESSB I see red. I wonder if these folks have
ever read FCC Part 97.307 (a) Emission Standards:
(a) No amateur station transmission shall occupy more bandwidth than
necessary for the information rate and emission type being transmitted, in
accordance with good
Very few of the 7600,7700 and 7800 owners will recognize that K3
costing way less is equal or superior on some cases than theirs,surely
they feel embarrased to have spent so much in such those Icoms when
then we with $3K or less are doing the same job they do...
Like Johnny, I have most of
Okay, I couldn't leave well enough alone...
Yesterday morning, I was working a T30 station split on 40m with the K3's
Sub Rx and became a bit unnerved with the manipulation of the K3's Sub AF
control when balancing between Main and Sub receivers. Multiple quick
reaches for the balance
Message -
From: Paul Christensen w...@arrl.net
To: elecraft@mailman.qth.net
Sent: Thursday, September 10, 2009 12:27 PM
Subject: [Elecraft] K3 AF/RF Mod
Okay, I couldn't leave well enough alone...
Yesterday morning, I was working a T30 station split on 40m with the K3's
Sub Rx and became
Being able to lock my K3 to an external 10MHz reference might be nice
someday though.
That might make it more stable but it won't make it more accurate.
For the reason why, see:
http://n2.nabble.com/Ref-Osc-Cal-Method-4-td2595451.html#a2595451
Wes,
I read your description, but are you
WCER- Canton, OH. 500W daytime. Christian format. 1800 kHz is the second
harmonic of 900 kHz. Call the station and ask to speak to its General
Manager or Chief Engineer. Give the station an opportunity to assess the
situation before contacting the FCC.
Paul, W9Ac
- Original Message
After hearing it for several days, I called the FCC watch desk in DC. The
response I received was that since the harmonic was only in an amateur
radio band no action would be taken.
As I recall, harmonic energy in Part 73 AM broadcast services still falls
under the general emission
Yes, I listened at 5pm to their ID. I can still hear them but much weaker
at 10pm. It IS strange that you dont hear them on 1800 Khz. Steve
According to the FCC's database, WCER reduces power from 500-watts to
75-watts during their Post-Sunset Service Authorization (PSSA). This time
of
I have attached links to three .JPG images of the K3's audio response as
measured at
the headphone jack with SpectraPlus FFT software. Response passband was
normalized for both modes. SSB
is measured through the 6K filter, and CW through the 8-pole 2.8 kHz filter.
However, V3.33 SSB was taken
But while we are waiting and waiting for the K3 to do something that is no
more and no less than what other radios do, we find all kinds of other
things being addressed like improvements to the audio, nice though I'm
sure
that is, which have far more recently become an issue.
I won't speak
Is this measured with high impedance probes? If I remember correctly,
small
caps limit low-frequency response of K3 especially with low impedance
phones/speakers.
Ignacy
Correct, measured with a 2K-ohm load resistance at the sound card input.
The purpose of the test was to measure only the
stepping through the bands one at a time. If the K4 changes nothing else,
I
hope it changes that by providing a one-touch method for selecting a band.
With a few changes and additions, the K3 could be turned into a K4 with
reasonable effort. Here's what I envision:
- Create a new
Yes but unless the response remains that way when an 8 ohm speaker is
there its not a very useful measurement.
The plots were meant to observe the radical changes in audio response across
various firmware. These aren't subtle changes as one can see from the
unloaded plots.
With 330uF caps
Did you use the K3's MENU:MIC SEL option to choose high gain for the
microphone input?
Good advice from Ron. After checking that, and assuming the mic is
relatively old and its past quality-of-life unknown, I would consider
replacing the D-104's mic element with a similar crystal element
spectrogram16 while listening to AM broadcast band stations. Because of
the
timing of my dsp board swap with the loading of the latest beta firmware,
I
was never really certain what led to the improvement. Is it the hardware
or
the firmtware, or are both required for older K3's?
Bob
This should be close but Elecraft has not updated their schematics since
October 2008, so there could be differences:
http://n1eu.com/K3/k3audiomod.htm
Lyle and I exchanged notes on this a while back as he and I were
experimenting with DSP Board component changes above and beyond the
Why was the improvement not applied to all audio outputs, or am I missing
something here?
When you go through the schematic and run the response calculations, those
were the only changes necessary to improve low-end response for all Rx and
Tx paths.
Take a look at what's happening before
3) At the time these capacitors were changed, *other* component changes
were
made to improve the *transmit* audio low frequency response. Several
components were changed to improve this response for the front panel
microphone, rear panel microphone, and line input paths.
Lyle,
As I
But since the capacitor values are all being increased, is it not an
option
simply to add conventional electrolytic capacitors in parallel to the SMT
ones, as the photos on the Russian website appear to illustrate?
I don't know what he has done, but it's possible to stack SMT capacitors if
Juan, I think your 3rd harmonic measurement is the key. If you research
audio fatigue you may find that odd harmonics are particularly troublesome
and that they can cause audio fatigue even when the level is below what
you
might consider audible.
Mike,
There may be several variables
From: Phil Kane
AFAIK there is no such thing as FCC ID for a transceiver of
this sort but check with Elecraft to see if they have ever run
into this.
An amateur bands-only transceiver capable of operating strictly within Part
97 spectrum is exempt from FCC importation
As I find the answer, I'll post to the board. Thanks, Guy, N7UN/2
The answer is that an FCC ID number may, or may not be affixed to your Part
97 transceiver. With the exception of amplifiers under part 97.315, Part 97
transceivers need no certification/authorization, even if they are
Alan Bloom:
Paul - I searched the following document (ET Docket No. 03-108) for the
words amateur and 97 but couldn't find anything in it that exempts
part 97 transceivers from anything. Could you give me a pointer to where
in the document it says that?
See footnote 51 of the RO, beginning
Before anyone travelling to the Caribbean gets prepared and worries
about
showing of all of these documents, keep in mind that no one cares about
someone transporting their own amateur radio through customs.
Until one day when you meet that one overzealous customs officer who says:
You can
Faced with such a question for any equipment that didn't show a number, I
would insert Not Applicable or None.
Ron, good feedback. I probably wouldn't state None as it may give the
impression that there should be an FCC ID number when Not Applicable would
be more appropriate. Then, be
Our goal is to make this so easy that everyone can take advantage of
it. We'll keep improving the instructions and samples based on your
feedback.
The macro routines are a great addition to the K3. I've added two routines
that up until now, I was engaging manually through multiple button
That assumes there is no RF on the exterior of the coax and the SWR
sensors are ideal. Neither is the case and from personal experience I
can tell you that the swr meters will change readings based on coax
length.
The SWR *reading* may change as a function of coax length when current is
consistently lower than Jack's, ie. 1.6 on most bands with a 2.0 load. Not
a
big deal, but as long as you're in there tweaking the code, can you verify
that it works with non-KAT3 radios as well?
I'm curious -- are those who see a smaller indicated VSWR reading on the K3
meter with a 25-ohm
Gary,
What frequency of operation causes the balun overheating? Assuming the
balun was constructed correctly, I would begin looking at trying to optimize
line length if you favor that band of operation.
For example, when using a 100 ft. dipole at 3.8 MHz and 1/4-wave in height
above ground,
This radio is going to be very popular because it seems that a lot of the
criticism of the K3's apparent failings seem to have been corrected in
the new Yaesu FT5K design.
Until the FT-5K is actually released and a whole new set of issues become
apparent. Based on glossy product brochures,
Chuck:
Keep this in mind. The QSK-5's KEY 2 line activates the PIN diode
circuitry. KEY 2 activates the QSK-5's input and output relays.
2) If Key 2, do you have a jumper from AUX to Key 1?
Ideally, you want to jumper KEY 1 and KEY 2 together with a Y cable using
steering diodes. Then,
Steve,
I recall a VFO static problem with one of the Ten Tec models. My memory has
faded, but I thought part of their solution used a series of highly
conductive felt washers on the encoder shaft. Anyway, it would be
interesting to see if Ten Tec's encoder kit for that problem could be
A little further investigating and I found this:
We also had a few occasions where the operator stood up (sliding across
the chair) and touched the radio [Omni VII] and got zapped - resulting in
the radio needing to be turned off and on again. Unlike the ORION, this
routine takes only a
All good suggestions, Ron -- including turning off the NB if not mentioned
previously. Engaging the NB function oftentimes produces
internally-generated clicks.
Paul, W9AC
- Original Message -
From: Ron D'Eau Claire r...@cobi.biz
To: 'Elecraft Reflector' elecraft@mailman.qth.net
When I first received my Icom 756Pro (now my backup rig) several years
ago I discovered that the default rise/fall times (adjustable in one of
the menus) was set to 2 msec (!). That's unconscionable...
It's unconscionable with some rigs, but not all. Take a look at the K3's
keying envelope
I suspect that over-driving an external amplifier is a major cause of
excessive clicks on the bands today. Many Hams think that CW doesn't
require
the final amplifier be linear and drive their rigs into saturation. But a
linear amplifier needs to be linear for CW just as with any amplitude
The 'RC rise/decay' wave shape that was in the handbooks for many years
is actually a *bad* shape because it has a very sharp corner on key-up.
Ian, *bad* may be a bit too harsh. The League's optimized envelope was
described during a time when only simple R/C values were used to develop a
Are you sure about 2.5 ms?
Yes.
As far as I remember I measured my K3
to about 5 ms and Elecraft also stated 5 ms. This was over a year
ago...
Measure it again. The rise time changed roughly around the F/W 3.00
revision. I went back to a 2.xx version and it measured ~ 6 msec.
Paul, W9AC
One excellent long-term solution was proposed by James, K2QI. I have since
ordered my own set of nested aluminum knobs for the RF/AF controls and they
are far better in fit, finish, and usability than Elecraft's stock knob set.
But, they are also relatively expensive.
The knobs are machined
To be honest I don't think they suit the look of the K3. They don't even
match the other knobs.
That was my thought until I actually installed the knob set.
Paul, W9AC
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Home:
as the current menu allows for 'Normal and 'Balance' audio
functions.
If that ever happens, the wiring mod is very easily reversible in less
than
a minute with no evidence left behind.
Paul, W9AC
- Original Message -
From: Paul Christensen w...@arrl.net
To: elecraft@mailman.qth.net
Sent
First, I have no doubt the new polycarbonate knobs are much more resistant
to cracking. In my case two separate knob sets cracked shortly after taking
the K3 out into 30-degree WX. In both instances, the knobs were very
loosely fitted during their installation. Over-tightening was not the
Please be careful about selecting budget outlet strips. I know our
conditions are not identical with those in the U.S., but there have
been a number of fires down here caused by cheap outlet strips.
Adding to the safety concerns, someone had mentioned using a short Radio
Shack extension cord
Phil,
With each LED representing 100-watts on the 2KW scale, it may be of some
help to go from 10% to 5% in accuracy, but in the case of the W2, the
display resolution is limited to 50-watts in between mid power ranges (e.g.,
250-watts) but a display of 200-watts with two LEDs showing may
and construction technique as well as detector
design.
http://www.telepostinc.com/Files/phipps-1.pdf
Paul, W9AC
- Original Message -
From: Phil Hystad k7...@comcast.net
To: Paul Christensen w...@arrl.net
Cc: Elecraft elecraft@mailman.qth.net
Sent: Wednesday, December 09, 2009 8:37 PM
I recently ran into a similar issue when interfacing an Ameitron QSK-5, K3,
and SPE 1K amplifier. Regardless of power through the QSK-5, it produces an
audible tick when keying. Yes, there are two relays inside the QSK-5
unit, but neither is the cause.
It turns out that the QSK-5's PIN
I had a chance to see the Sienna in person at Dayton a few years ago. It
looks significantly better in person than what's seen in their ads. I
haven't been following its progress, but from what I recall, it uses some
fairly high-end components. The panel switches and machined knobs are
Some DRM modes are narrower and can be accommodated if the FM roofing
filter (nominal 13 kHz) is installed. But getting the IF output to the
DRM decoder still requires modifications to the K3.
DRM decoding with the K3 is easy with the SDR-IQ together with SpectraVue,
VAC and DReaM software.
CONFIG: AGC THR may be set too high. Try a lower setting.
I agree with Bill. He may also want to experiment with other AGC settings
like AGC-F, AGC-S, AGC SLP and AGC HLD and AGC DCY.
I found exactly what was described until I changed the AGC threshold/slope
and equally important, the AGC
Phil,
You may want to isolate all three key lines using one of the many keying
buffers available. At an absolute minimum, consider using three steering
diodes if only using a splitting RCA jumper cable from the K3 to the amps,
using one diode (e.g., 1N4007 or if necessary, a Schottky type)
inserted into RCA plugs with just a bit of soldering
necessary.
Paul, W9AC
- Original Message -
From: Phil LaMarche plama...@verizon.net
To: 'Paul Christensen' w...@arrl.net; elecraft@mailman.qth.net
Sent: Wednesday, December 16, 2009 4:58 PM
Subject: RE: [Elecraft] K3 Amplifier Keying
One outstanding question that's not addressed in the announcement below
relates to whether or not Main DSP Board Rev. C includes the hardware audio
LPF. So, if a K3 owner purchases the K3DSPUPGD upgrade today, will it also
contain the audio LPF?
Paul, W9AC
- Original Message -
From:
The mods are essentially the same, although Elecraft likely re-scaled R
values rather than C. The end result is identical. I drafted those mods at
a time when the upgrades were not yet implemented by Elecraft. Taking
advantage of Elecraft's exchange program is the better choice and leads to
That should answer the question. Many Tnx, Roger.
Paul, W9AC
- Original Message -
From: Roger Marrotte rmarro...@verizon.net
To: 'Paul Christensen' w...@arrl.net
Sent: Thursday, December 17, 2009 9:29 AM
Subject: RE: [Elecraft] K3: Noisy Receiver? - not here!
Paul,
I have one
If it's weak signal work where this is being noticed, one test of the
overall noise floor is to run the headphone output from several rigs,
individually switched into a PC sound card with a FFT software program
running. The AF outputs would require normalizing at various
signal-strength
Thanks for the info. But since there is allegedly no such thing as a
stupid
question, may I ask whether only the main DSP board should be replaced.
The Main DSP board routes the sub Rx audio and so, there's no reason for a
sub DSP board replacement.
Paul, W9AC
Back down the value of AGC THR in the menu, turn down RF Gain, turn up
your
AF Gain and turn off your preamp on 160-20M.
Adding to that...AGC SLP has a profound effect on the AGC compression ratio.
Higher settings make all signals sound relatively the same. A few posts
back, I recall
It seems to me that there is some non-linearity in the audio stages that
sets in at a fairly low level. I'm not an expert either, but might the
isolating transformers in the line output be the cause of this?
Yes, see Jack Smith's work on the topic
Phil,
Building the K3 will likely make future hardware changes easier to implement
since you will have recognized key circuit board areas and have an
understanding of the assembly/disassembly process.
Getting in and back out of the K3 is very easy. By contrast, the
disassembly of my
Oh yeah, get some new, quality screw drivers..
Excellent advice and probably one of the best investments made when
assembling or performing work on the K3. At first, I purchased new #0 and
#1 Phillips-head drivers from Klein Tools. The K3 assembly manual warns
against the use of power
An KIO replacement board that has a direct computer connection via
USB, with built in sound card function, built in CAT com port
function etc. so that there is only one cable to the PC.
A very well-thought list and I'll second Mario's input, particularly a
USB-based KIO board as a universal
It's unfortunate that 1/8-inch TRS jacks have become so popular in the
consumer audio world. Their use seems to have accelerated with the advent
of PC sound cards.
My experience has been that pro-grade 1/4-inch TRS connectors are more
reliable than any 1/8-inch type as well as
Forgot to add that for high-density applications, Sub-D connectors are
excellent when maximum reliability and easy disconnect are needed. I like
to use crimp Sub-Ds where the pin can be inserted into the connector body.
That goes much faster with better repeatability than the solder Sub-D
I found an article here
http://www.kingsqueak.org/stuff/softrock_IF_tap.pdf
that shows a buffer amp that can be built from parts most people probably
already have...
His buffer consists of a pair of cascaded FET source-followers. It would be
a good idea to measure reverse isolation of the
amp with a low source Z.
Paul, W9AC
- Original Message -
From: Paul Christensen w...@arrl.net
To: elecraft@mailman.qth.net
Sent: Friday, January 08, 2010 7:25 AM
Subject: Re: [Elecraft] OT: Softrock for K3 IF
I found an article here
http://www.kingsqueak.org/stuff
I find the K3 pretty much the ideal size for my
purposes. The front panel is not cluttered but
comprehensive enough that there is little need
for daily changes to menu items.
In the future, hopefully we'll see detachable front panels where a small or
large stand-alone panel format cold be
I would argue for the piggyback approach. Use a pair of sprung tweezers
that can grasp the SMT resistor at a comfortable angle.
At first, I detested working with SMT parts. I slowly got over it and have
developed a certain comfort level but I almost need to meditate first as the
iron is
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