[gentoo-user] USB stick recognition problem
Hi, since a few weeks I have a strange effect with my USB stick. According to fdisk there is one partition on it /dev/sde1 38 7839719 3919841b W95 FAT32 which I haven't changed for a long time. Whenever I insert this stick, the kernel log shows /dev/sde but not /dev/sde1 (and there is no file /dev/sde1) After Invoking fdisk /dev/sde with a simple 'p' command but nothing else, this device shows up. Has anybody an idea what's going on here? Many thanks for a hint, Helmut.
Re: [gentoo-user] Emerge Problems...
Am Sun, 30 Jan 2011 09:59:18 -0800 (PST) schrieb BRM bm_witn...@yahoo.com: [...] I'm not a fan of nano, so I uninstalled it a long time ago. I usually use vim; not sure why vim is referencing perl libraries, but oh well. Because you can extend vim in perl. In addition to that and the built-in vimscript, you can also use python (used, for example, by pyclewn and conque) and ruby. In 7.3 they added lua, although I just noticed that for some reason the Vim ebuild doesn't support it (no use flag, and :version shows -lua). HTH -- Marc Joliet -- People who think they know everything really annoy those of us who know we don't - Bjarne Stroustrup signature.asc Description: PGP signature
Re: [gentoo-user] Adding more than one static IP
On Mon, Jan 24, 2011 at 7:15 AM, Amar Cosic amar.co...@gmail.com wrote: Hello list My mind is just locked at the moment and I am trying to figure out what am I doing wrong here. I have 4 static IP's on server machine and I have something like this in /etc/conf.d/net : config_eth0=( 77.xxx.104.14/24 ) routes_eth0=( default via 77.xxx.104.1 ) config_eth0:1=( 77.xxx.104.100/24 ) routes_eth0:1=( default via 77.xxx.104.1 ) config_eth0:2=( 77.xxx.104.101/24 ) routes_eth0:2=( default via 77.xxx.104.1 ) config_eth0:3=( 77.xxx.105.100/24 ) routes_eth0:3=( default via 77.xxx.105.1 ) eth0 works just fine while other ones fail. Could you help me with this one ? Amar, You should read up some more on how IP networking is configured and how it works. A default route is, by definition, the next hop on the local network to which packets are sent when no other local interface matches the intended target IP address. Your IP stack looks for local interfaces which match the target network for the target IP address. If it cannot find any, it has no other recourse but to forward it to someone who might know better. That's your default gateway router, and that's its job. If you tell your IP stack that you have four default gateways, it will get very confused. Get rid of all but one of those default route statements. If, on the other hand, you just want your local machine to know the gateways for those networks, your route statements should be of this form: routes_eth:2=(77.xxx.104.101/24 via 77.xxx.104.1)
Re: [gentoo-user] Emerge Problems...
- Original Message From: Nils Holland n...@tisys.org On 20:12 Sat 29 Jan , BRM wrote: A little while back my server ran out of hard disk space (due to a failed hard drive) and as a result my local portage mirror got destroyed. Well, I fixed there server - initially by just grabbing a new copy of portage like a new install since it was just completely hosed, and the server is back up and working. However, now my desktop and laptop are both having problems. They sync just fine against the server, but I get a series of errors about not having various ebuilds in the manifest files - so many that I can't emerge anything (even portage). I believe you will already have checked this, but anyways: I once upon a time experienced a similar issue, which was caused by the fact that for some reason, I was only syncing new / modfied files from the source to my local portage tree, and not deleting no longer existent (on the source) files from the local tree. This resulted in emerge complaining about various ebuilds not being found. I was kind of shocked at first, then found my error, and on properly (including deletes) syncing with my portage source everything immediately started working fine again on the local (destination) machine. But again, I believe it's highly unprobable that this is your problem, because if you synced correctly before your server had to be re-setup, I would believe that you're doing it correctly now as well, at least I can't see what should have changed concering the sync due to the act of replacing the server... May be I didn't get the server back up right? Not sure. Any how...the primary issue was resolved once I deleted the server's portage mirror and than ran rsync again to grab a fresh copy. I'm pretty sure it would have to be how I rsync'd the mirror since I lost my mirroring script the old hard drive died. I just wrote a new script last night, but I'm still not sure that all of the parameters are correct - I'll check into that more this evening. Once I get it right, I'll restore it do doing the daily mirror syncs again. Now I just have to get past all the issues coming up in the updates and rebuilds, but that was to be expected. Thanks! Ben
Re: [gentoo-user] concatenate ogg-files...?
On Sun, Jan 30, 2011 at 7:55 AM, meino.cra...@gmx.de wrote: Hi, I have three ogg-files (audio) which I want to concatenate in a way, so that as much as possible of the audio quality will be preserved and the result should be an ogg-file again, which not only plays ok, because mplayer or what ever simply skipps over format violations but is of a valid ogg format. How can I do this ? Haven't tried, but Ogg Video Tools from http://dev.streamnik.de/files.html seems to have an oggCat tool for concatenating ogg files.
[gentoo-user] emerge on really old tree
Hi list, First, i'm not an experienced user of gentoo, just started using it a couple of months ago, I come from freebsd world which i find it to be similar in many ways with the gentoo world. I have a really old server on which I performed emerge --sync and after I had to eselect profile set to hardened/linux/amd64. After this i wanted to: emerge -vp portage !!! CONFIG_PROTECT is empty These are the packages that would be merged, in order: Calculating dependencies... done! [ebuild N] dev-libs/libffi-3.0.9 USE=-debug -static-libs -test 715 kB [ebuild U ] sys-devel/libtool-2.2.6b [1.5.26] USE=-test% -vanilla 722 kB [ebuild N] virtual/libffi-0 0 kB [ebuild U ] app-admin/eselect-1.2.11 [1.0.12] USE=-bash-completion -doc 156 kB [uninstall] app-admin/eselect-news-20080320 [blocks b ] app-admin/eselect-news (app-admin/eselect-news is blocking app-admin/eselect-1.2.11) [ebuild N] app-admin/eselect-python-20100321 6 kB [ebuild NS ] dev-lang/python-2.6.6-r1 [2.4.4-r13, 2.5.4-r2] USE=berkdb gdbm ncurses readline ssl threads (wide-unicode) xml -build -doc -examples -ipv6 -sqlite -tk -wininst 0 kB [ebuild U ] sys-apps/portage-2.1.9.25 [2.1.6.13] USE=(ipc%*) -build -doc -epydoc -python3% (-selinux) LINGUAS=-pl 0 kB [blocks B ] =dev-lang/python-2.6.6:2.6 (=dev-lang/python-2.6.6:2.6 is blocking sys-apps/portage-2.1.6.13) [blocks B ] sys-apps/portage-2.1.9 (sys-apps/portage-2.1.9 is blocking dev-lang/python-2.6.6-r1) Total: 7 packages (3 upgrades, 3 new, 1 in new slot, 1 uninstall), Size of downloads: 1,598 kB Conflict: 3 blocks (2 unsatisfied) * Error: The above package list contains packages which cannot be * installed at the same time on the same system. ('ebuild', '/', 'dev-lang/python-2.6.6-r1', 'merge') pulled in by dev-lang/python:2.6 required by ('ebuild', '/', 'sys-apps/portage-2.1.9.25', 'merge') For more information about Blocked Packages, please refer to the following section of the Gentoo Linux x86 Handbook (architecture is irrelevant): http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?full=1#blocked This is my emerge --info: !!! CONFIG_PROTECT is emptyPortage 2.1.6.13 (hardened/linux/amd64, gcc-4.1.2, glibc-2.6.1-r0, 2.6.28-hardened-r9 x86_64) = System uname: Linux-2.6.28-hardened-r9-x86_64-Intel-R-_Xeon-R-_CPU_E5520_@_2.27GHz-with-glibc2.2.5 Timestamp of tree: Mon, 31 Jan 2011 10:30:01 + app-shells/bash: 3.2_p39 dev-lang/python: 2.4.4-r13, 2.5.4-r2 sys-apps/baselayout: 1.12.11.1 sys-apps/sandbox:1.6-r2 sys-devel/autoconf: 2.13, 2.63 sys-devel/automake: 1.4_p6, 1.5, 1.10.2, 1.11.1 sys-devel/binutils: 2.18-r3 sys-devel/gcc: 4.1.2 sys-devel/gcc-config: 1.4.0-r4 sys-devel/libtool: 1.5.26 sys-devel/make: 3.81 virtual/os-headers: 2.6.23-r3 ACCEPT_KEYWORDS=amd64 CBUILD=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu CFLAGS=-O3 -march=nocona -pipe CHOST=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu CONFIG_PROTECT= CONFIG_PROTECT_MASK=/etc/ca-certificates.conf /etc/env.d /etc/gconf /etc/php/apache2-php5/ext-active/ /etc/php/cgi-php5/ext-active/ /etc/php/cli-php5/ext-active/ /etc/sandbox.d /etc/terminfo /etc/udev/rules.d CXXFLAGS=-O3 -march=nocona -pipe DISTDIR=/usr/portage/distfiles FEATURES=distlocks fixpackages parallel-fetch protect-owned sandbox sfperms strict unmerge-orphans userfetch GENTOO_MIRRORS=http://distfiles.gentoo.org http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/gentoo; LDFLAGS=-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--as-needed PKGDIR=/usr/portage/packages PORTAGE_CONFIGROOT=/ PORTAGE_RSYNC_OPTS=--recursive --links --safe-links --perms --times --compress --force --whole-file --delete --stats --timeout=180 --exclude=/distfiles --exclude=/local --exclude=/packages PORTAGE_TMPDIR=/var/tmp PORTDIR=/usr/portage SYNC=rsync://rsync.gentoo.org/gentoo-portage USE=acl amd64 berkdb bzip2 cli cracklib crypt cups cxx dri gdbm gpm hardened iconv justify mmx modules mudflap multilib ncurses nls nptl nptlonly openmp pam pcre perl pic pppd python readline session sse sse2 ssl sysfs tcpd urandom xorg zlib ALSA_CARDS=ali5451 als4000 atiixp atiixp-modem bt87x ca0106 cmipci emu10k1x ens1370 ens1371 es1938 es1968 fm801 hda-intel intel8x0 intel8x0m maestro3 trident usb-audio via82xx via82xx-modem ymfpci ALSA_PCM_PLUGINS=adpcm alaw asym copy dmix dshare dsnoop empty extplug file hooks iec958 ioplug ladspa lfloat linear meter mmap_emul mulaw multi null plug rate route share shm softvol APACHE2_MODULES=actions alias auth_basic authn_alias authn_anon authn_dbm authn_default authn_file authz_dbm authz_default authz_groupfile authz_host authz_owner authz_user autoindex cache cgi cgid dav dav_fs dav_lock deflate dir disk_cache env expires ext_filter file_cache filter headers include info log_config logio mem_cache mime mime_magic negotiation rewrite setenvif speling status unique_id userdir usertrack vhost_alias COLLECTD_PLUGINS=df interface irq load memory rrdtool swap syslog
Re: [gentoo-user] emerge on really old tree
This may help; http://blog.jolexa.net/2009/03/25/gentoo-tips-to-upgrade-your-really-old-installation/
[gentoo-user] dd'ing small drive to large one
Hi there! There is a PC with a 160 GB SATA drive, and I want to replace it with one of about 1 TB in size. Would this work? - attach 2nd drive via SATA port or USB-SATA convertor - boot from rescue CD - dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb - remove sda, attach sdb to where sda was - reboot - add other partitions or enlarge the last one I do not expect problems, but I'm not entirely sure. Maybe the different drive geometry would have an effect on file system or at least to the Grub boot loader? The system is remote, so I will not do the exchange personally. I will only make the additional space usable once the system is back up and running. The person who does the replacement does not know too much about LVM and file systems, and how to make a Gentoo system work again if the boot partition got corrupted. He will use Norton Ghost to duplicate the drive's contents. I would prefer dd, but the person is a Windows guy, and Ghost will probably do the job as well. Wonko
Re: [gentoo-user] dd'ing small drive to large one
On Mon, Jan 31 2011, Alex Schuster wrote: Hi there! There is a PC with a 160 GB SATA drive, and I want to replace it with one of about 1 TB in size. Would this work? - attach 2nd drive via SATA port or USB-SATA convertor - boot from rescue CD - dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb - remove sda, attach sdb to where sda was - reboot - add other partitions or enlarge the last one I do not expect problems, but I'm not entirely sure. Maybe the different drive geometry would have an effect on file system or at least to the Grub boot loader? Won't dd'ing the whole disk will make the 1TB disk a 160GB disk. I would partition the TB disk as you like and do a tar or rsync on each partition of the original. Some care would be needed for /dev and I don't think things like /proc should be copied. allan
Re: [gentoo-user] dd'ing small drive to large one
Allan Gottlieb writes: On Mon, Jan 31 2011, Alex Schuster wrote: There is a PC with a 160 GB SATA drive, and I want to replace it with one of about 1 TB in size. Would this work? - attach 2nd drive via SATA port or USB-SATA convertor - boot from rescue CD - dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb - remove sda, attach sdb to where sda was - reboot - add other partitions or enlarge the last one I do not expect problems, but I'm not entirely sure. Maybe the different drive geometry would have an effect on file system or at least to the Grub boot loader? Won't dd'ing the whole disk will make the 1TB disk a 160GB disk. Not really. Yes, the current partitioning scheme will not make more than the 160G available. But this can be changed easily later, all I need to do is call fdisk and add partitions. Or resize the last one. I would partition the TB disk as you like and do a tar or rsync on each partition of the original. Some care would be needed for /dev and I don't think things like /proc should be copied. But that's much more complicated than just using dd or Ghost. It involves using a Linux rescue CD, mounting several file systems, using the right cp/tar/rsync syntax, and installing a new boot loader. With me telling the guy via phone what he has to type. If it's really necessary, oh well, than it has to be done. But if dd'ing the drive would work, I would vermy much prefer this. Wonko
Re: [gentoo-user] BUG: using smp_processor_id() in preemptible [00000000] code: X/4018
On Sunday 30 January 2011 18:08:50 Mark Knecht wrote: None the less it seems like the message suggests that the driver is coded incorrectly. more likely the gentoo-sources patchset is broken.
Re: [gentoo-user] dd'ing small drive to large one
On Mon, Jan 31 2011, Alex Schuster wrote: Allan Gottlieb writes: On Mon, Jan 31 2011, Alex Schuster wrote: There is a PC with a 160 GB SATA drive, and I want to replace it with one of about 1 TB in size. Would this work? - attach 2nd drive via SATA port or USB-SATA convertor - boot from rescue CD - dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb - remove sda, attach sdb to where sda was - reboot - add other partitions or enlarge the last one I do not expect problems, but I'm not entirely sure. Maybe the different drive geometry would have an effect on file system or at least to the Grub boot loader? Won't dd'ing the whole disk will make the 1TB disk a 160GB disk. Not really. Yes, the current partitioning scheme will not make more than the 160G available. But this can be changed easily later, all I need to do is call fdisk and add partitions. Or resize the last one. Sure, but the other partitions will stay the same size. If you are using lvm then that is no problem, if not I would think it is constraining. allan
[gentoo-user] Not getting video hardware acceleration
The system is an AMD-based Acer Aspire One 14 laptop with 4-gigs of ram, running 64-bit mode. The video card, according to lspci -v... 01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc Device 9712 (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] Device 0372 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 18 Memory at c000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M] I/O ports at 9000 [size=256] Memory at d010 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Memory at d000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M] Expansion ROM at unassigned [disabled] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Kernel driver in use: radeon 01:05.1 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc Device 970f Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] Device 0372 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 19 Memory at d011 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Kernel driver in use: HDA Intel mplayer can only run -vo x11, not -vo xv which I see on every other Gentoo machine I've had. Video playback suffers accordingly. Here's a snippet from dmesg bootup stuff that looks relavant, especially the last 6 lines... [0.250870] [drm] Initialized drm 1.1.0 20060810 [0.250972] [drm] radeon defaulting to kernel modesetting. [0.251009] [drm] radeon kernel modesetting enabled. [0.251160] radeon :01:05.0: PCI INT A - GSI 18 (level, low) - IRQ 18 [0.251204] radeon :01:05.0: setting latency timer to 64 [0.253225] [drm] initializing kernel modesetting (RS880 0x1002:0x9712). [0.253339] [drm] register mmio base: 0xD010 [0.253376] [drm] register mmio size: 65536 [0.253512] ATOM BIOS: Acer_JE40HM42DN [0.253584] radeon :01:05.0: VRAM: 256M 0xC000 - 0xCFFF (256M used) [0.253632] radeon :01:05.0: GTT: 512M 0xA000 - 0xBFFF [0.253814] [drm] Detected VRAM RAM=256M, BAR=256M [0.253856] [drm] RAM width 32bits DDR [0.253972] [TTM] Zone kernel: Available graphics memory: 1899810 kiB. [0.254010] [TTM] Initializing pool allocator. [0.254061] [drm] radeon: 256M of VRAM memory ready [0.254099] [drm] radeon: 512M of GTT memory ready. [0.254174] [drm] radeon: irq initialized. [0.254212] [drm] GART: num cpu pages 131072, num gpu pages 131072 [0.255276] [drm] Loading RS780 Microcode [ 60.896232] r600_cp: Failed to load firmware radeon/R600_rlc.bin [ 60.896274] [drm:r600_startup] *ERROR* Failed to load firmware! [ 60.896313] radeon :01:05.0: disabling GPU acceleration [ 60.897418] radeon :01:05.0: 88013ea6bc00 unpin not necessary [ 60.897456] radeon :01:05.0: 88013ea6bc00 unpin not necessary Any ideas what's going wrong, and especially how to fix it? -- Walter Dnes waltd...@waltdnes.org
Re: [gentoo-user] Not getting video hardware acceleration
On Monday 31 January 2011 19:28:27 Walter Dnes wrote: The system is an AMD-based Acer Aspire One 14 laptop with 4-gigs of ram, running 64-bit mode. The video card, according to lspci -v... 01:05.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc Device 9712 (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] Device 0372 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 18 Memory at c000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M] I/O ports at 9000 [size=256] Memory at d010 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Memory at d000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M] Expansion ROM at unassigned [disabled] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Kernel driver in use: radeon 01:05.1 Audio device: ATI Technologies Inc Device 970f Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] Device 0372 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 19 Memory at d011 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [a0] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Kernel driver in use: HDA Intel mplayer can only run -vo x11, not -vo xv which I see on every other Gentoo machine I've had. Video playback suffers accordingly. Here's a snippet from dmesg bootup stuff that looks relavant, especially the last 6 lines... [0.250870] [drm] Initialized drm 1.1.0 20060810 [0.250972] [drm] radeon defaulting to kernel modesetting. [0.251009] [drm] radeon kernel modesetting enabled. [0.251160] radeon :01:05.0: PCI INT A - GSI 18 (level, low) - IRQ 18 [0.251204] radeon :01:05.0: setting latency timer to 64 [0.253225] [drm] initializing kernel modesetting (RS880 0x1002:0x9712). [0.253339] [drm] register mmio base: 0xD010 [0.253376] [drm] register mmio size: 65536 [0.253512] ATOM BIOS: Acer_JE40HM42DN [0.253584] radeon :01:05.0: VRAM: 256M 0xC000 - 0xCFFF (256M used) [0.253632] radeon :01:05.0: GTT: 512M 0xA000 - 0xBFFF [0.253814] [drm] Detected VRAM RAM=256M, BAR=256M [0.253856] [drm] RAM width 32bits DDR [0.253972] [TTM] Zone kernel: Available graphics memory: 1899810 kiB. [0.254010] [TTM] Initializing pool allocator. [0.254061] [drm] radeon: 256M of VRAM memory ready [0.254099] [drm] radeon: 512M of GTT memory ready. [0.254174] [drm] radeon: irq initialized. [0.254212] [drm] GART: num cpu pages 131072, num gpu pages 131072 [0.255276] [drm] Loading RS780 Microcode [ 60.896232] r600_cp: Failed to load firmware radeon/R600_rlc.bin [ 60.896274] [drm:r600_startup] *ERROR* Failed to load firmware! [ 60.896313] radeon :01:05.0: disabling GPU acceleration [ 60.897418] radeon :01:05.0: 88013ea6bc00 unpin not necessary [ 60.897456] radeon :01:05.0: 88013ea6bc00 unpin not necessary Any ideas what's going wrong, and especially how to fix it? Have you followed the instructions on this page re: radeon-ucode and the kernel configuration http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/xorg-config.xml If so, what does ls -la /lib/firmware/radeon/ show? Is R600_rlc.bin showing up in there? -- Regards, Mick signature.asc Description: This is a digitally signed message part.
Re: [gentoo-user] emerge on really old tree
Apparently, though unproven, at 18:35 on Monday 31 January 2011, Andrei Brezan did opine thusly: Hi list, First, i'm not an experienced user of gentoo, just started using it a couple of months ago, I come from freebsd world which i find it to be similar in many ways with the gentoo world. I have a really old server on which I performed emerge --sync and after I had to eselect profile set to hardened/linux/amd64. After this i wanted to: emerge -vp portage !!! CONFIG_PROTECT is empty These are the packages that would be merged, in order: Calculating dependencies... done! [ebuild N] dev-libs/libffi-3.0.9 USE=-debug -static-libs -test 715 kB [ebuild U ] sys-devel/libtool-2.2.6b [1.5.26] USE=-test% -vanilla 722 kB [ebuild N] virtual/libffi-0 0 kB [ebuild U ] app-admin/eselect-1.2.11 [1.0.12] USE=-bash-completion -doc 156 kB [uninstall] app-admin/eselect-news-20080320 [blocks b ] app-admin/eselect-news (app-admin/eselect-news is blocking app-admin/eselect-1.2.11) [ebuild N] app-admin/eselect-python-20100321 6 kB [ebuild NS ] dev-lang/python-2.6.6-r1 [2.4.4-r13, 2.5.4-r2] USE=berkdb gdbm ncurses readline ssl threads (wide-unicode) xml -build -doc -examples -ipv6 -sqlite -tk -wininst 0 kB [ebuild U ] sys-apps/portage-2.1.9.25 [2.1.6.13] USE=(ipc%*) -build -doc -epydoc -python3% (-selinux) LINGUAS=-pl 0 kB [blocks B ] =dev-lang/python-2.6.6:2.6 (=dev-lang/python-2.6.6:2.6 is blocking sys-apps/portage-2.1.6.13) [blocks B ] sys-apps/portage-2.1.9 (sys-apps/portage-2.1.9 is blocking dev-lang/python-2.6.6-r1) Total: 7 packages (3 upgrades, 3 new, 1 in new slot, 1 uninstall), Size of downloads: 1,598 kB Conflict: 3 blocks (2 unsatisfied) * Error: The above package list contains packages which cannot be * installed at the same time on the same system. ('ebuild', '/', 'dev-lang/python-2.6.6-r1', 'merge') pulled in by dev-lang/python:2.6 required by ('ebuild', '/', 'sys-apps/portage-2.1.9.25', 'merge') For more information about Blocked Packages, please refer to the following section of the Gentoo Linux x86 Handbook (architecture is irrelevant): http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?full=1#blocked This is my emerge --info: !!! CONFIG_PROTECT is emptyPortage 2.1.6.13 (hardened/linux/amd64, gcc-4.1.2, glibc-2.6.1-r0, 2.6.28-hardened-r9 x86_64) = System uname: Linux-2.6.28-hardened-r9-x86_64-Intel-R-_Xeon-R-_CPU_E5520_@_2.27GHz-with-g libc2.2.5 Timestamp of tree: Mon, 31 Jan 2011 10:30:01 + app-shells/bash: 3.2_p39 dev-lang/python: 2.4.4-r13, 2.5.4-r2 sys-apps/baselayout: 1.12.11.1 sys-apps/sandbox:1.6-r2 sys-devel/autoconf: 2.13, 2.63 sys-devel/automake: 1.4_p6, 1.5, 1.10.2, 1.11.1 sys-devel/binutils: 2.18-r3 sys-devel/gcc: 4.1.2 sys-devel/gcc-config: 1.4.0-r4 sys-devel/libtool: 1.5.26 sys-devel/make: 3.81 virtual/os-headers: 2.6.23-r3 ACCEPT_KEYWORDS=amd64 CBUILD=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu CFLAGS=-O3 -march=nocona -pipe CHOST=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu CONFIG_PROTECT= CONFIG_PROTECT_MASK=/etc/ca-certificates.conf /etc/env.d /etc/gconf /etc/php/apache2-php5/ext-active/ /etc/php/cgi-php5/ext-active/ /etc/php/cli-php5/ext-active/ /etc/sandbox.d /etc/terminfo /etc/udev/rules.d CXXFLAGS=-O3 -march=nocona -pipe DISTDIR=/usr/portage/distfiles FEATURES=distlocks fixpackages parallel-fetch protect-owned sandbox sfperms strict unmerge-orphans userfetch GENTOO_MIRRORS=http://distfiles.gentoo.org http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/gentoo; LDFLAGS=-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--as-needed PKGDIR=/usr/portage/packages PORTAGE_CONFIGROOT=/ PORTAGE_RSYNC_OPTS=--recursive --links --safe-links --perms --times --compress --force --whole-file --delete --stats --timeout=180 --exclude=/distfiles --exclude=/local --exclude=/packages PORTAGE_TMPDIR=/var/tmp PORTDIR=/usr/portage SYNC=rsync://rsync.gentoo.org/gentoo-portage USE=acl amd64 berkdb bzip2 cli cracklib crypt cups cxx dri gdbm gpm hardened iconv justify mmx modules mudflap multilib ncurses nls nptl nptlonly openmp pam pcre perl pic pppd python readline session sse sse2 ssl sysfs tcpd urandom xorg zlib ALSA_CARDS=ali5451 als4000 atiixp atiixp-modem bt87x ca0106 cmipci emu10k1x ens1370 ens1371 es1938 es1968 fm801 hda-intel intel8x0 intel8x0m maestro3 trident usb-audio via82xx via82xx-modem ymfpci ALSA_PCM_PLUGINS=adpcm alaw asym copy dmix dshare dsnoop empty extplug file hooks iec958 ioplug ladspa lfloat linear meter mmap_emul mulaw multi null plug rate route share shm softvol APACHE2_MODULES=actions alias auth_basic authn_alias authn_anon authn_dbm authn_default authn_file authz_dbm authz_default authz_groupfile authz_host authz_owner authz_user autoindex cache cgi cgid dav dav_fs dav_lock deflate dir disk_cache env expires ext_filter file_cache filter headers include info log_config logio mem_cache mime
Re: [gentoo-user] dd'ing small drive to large one
Apparently, though unproven, at 21:16 on Monday 31 January 2011, Allan Gottlieb did opine thusly: On Mon, Jan 31 2011, Alex Schuster wrote: Allan Gottlieb writes: On Mon, Jan 31 2011, Alex Schuster wrote: There is a PC with a 160 GB SATA drive, and I want to replace it with one of about 1 TB in size. Would this work? - attach 2nd drive via SATA port or USB-SATA convertor - boot from rescue CD - dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb - remove sda, attach sdb to where sda was - reboot - add other partitions or enlarge the last one I do not expect problems, but I'm not entirely sure. Maybe the different drive geometry would have an effect on file system or at least to the Grub boot loader? Won't dd'ing the whole disk will make the 1TB disk a 160GB disk. Not really. Yes, the current partitioning scheme will not make more than the 160G available. But this can be changed easily later, all I need to do is call fdisk and add partitions. Or resize the last one. Sure, but the other partitions will stay the same size. If you are using lvm then that is no problem, if not I would think it is constraining. The pertinent question is what is on those partitions from the first to second last? Maybe they don't need to be any bigger than the original disk. /opt, /boot, /usr, %PORTDIR come to mind as likely candidates. Maybe the OP can live with that constraint. -- alan dot mckinnon at gmail dot com
[gentoo-user] Re: Emerge Problems...
On Monday 31 January 2011, BRM wrote: I just wrote a new script last night, but I'm still not sure that all of the parameters are correct Why not something proven and reliable like emerge --sync? Ciao Francesco -- Linux Version 2.6.36-gentoo-r6, Compiled #2 SMP PREEMPT Mon Jan 3 11:54:58 CET 2011 Two 1GHz AMD Athlon 64 Processors, 4GB RAM, 4021.84 Bogomips Total aemaeth
[gentoo-user] HDD with too aggressive power management
Hi folks, I've got an Asus X7BJ-something laptop here that by default (i.e. when installing plain Gentoo on it) seems to do too aggressive power management for its hard drive. That is, already after only about five seconds(!!) of inactivity, the HDD spins down. This is kind of insane - you edit some small file, only half a minute later when you save it, you have to wait for what feels like ages for your HDD to spin back up and actually do something. ;-) The first thing I tried was having a look at the BIOS to see if HDD power management can be disable there. But no sir, no such option. Ok, no problem I thought, and emerged hdparm, which I have added to my default runlevel, so that it gets executed with the arguments -B 254 -S 0 upon each boot. That seems to fix it, HDD power management is off and no more unwanted spindowns occur. However, now comes the problem: It seems that whenever I change from wall power to battery power (probably also vice versa, but I haven't tested this often enough), the machine's HDD forgets about the settings I've made using hdparm and starts spinning down right again after only a few seconds of inactivity. That sucks. Of course, manually executing hdparm -B 254 -S 0 /dev/sda after unplugging the machine fixes the issue again. However, something more automated would be prefered. First thing, I'm wondering if the change in power management parameters is actually caused by something at the OS level. I haven't set up any such thing explicitly, so I believe that it's something the machine just does outside of the OS's control. As it can be overridden by executing hdparm manually, what I would need is probably a place where I can hook in with a little shell script that gets executed every time the system's power source changes, and does nothing else than just execute hdparm with the appripriate parameters. So much about the theory, but then I don't really have an idea what I'd have to do to get a script to run every time the power source changes. And that's why I'm writing this message, as any suggestions that could point me into the right direction are very welcome. ;-) Greetings and thanks in advance, Nils -- Nils Holland * Ti Systems, Wunsorf-Luthe (Germany) Powered by GNU/Linux since 1998
Re: [gentoo-user] dd'ing small drive to large one
I just wrote: My only fear is that the different drive geometry will be a problem, so Grub does not find its stage2 in /boot, or file systems will unreadable due to things being specified as head, cylinder and sector, instead of absolute blocks. I'm pretty confident that there should be no problem, but if I am wrong, I will be in trouble. Now I'm really really sure there will be no problem. What I wrote above about the gemotry is true I think, but all modern drives seem to have 255 heads and 63 sectors per track, so they will be compatible. Wonko
Re: [gentoo-user] modifying iptables: how can I prevent locking me out?
Maybe a cron job that no matter what reloads the old rules 1 hour later? Wouldn't at make more sense? Thanks to all who replied. So first I saved my working rules with # /sbin/iptables-save -c /root/ipt.bak Then I created my command file: # echo '#!/bin/bash' /root/ipt-restore # echo '/sbin/iptables-restore -c /root/ipt.bak' /root/ipt-restore # chmod 0700 /root/ipt-restore Now I'm going to set up my restore-job: # at -f /root/ipt-restore now + 60 min And after that I will play a little with iptables-rules, hoping that at-job will save my a** if I screw something... Jarry -- ___ This mailbox accepts e-mails only from selected mailing-lists! Everything else is considered to be spam and therefore deleted.
Re: [gentoo-user] HDD with too aggressive power management
On Mon, Jan 31, 2011 at 3:09 PM, Nils Holland n...@tisys.org wrote: Of course, manually executing hdparm -B 254 -S 0 /dev/sda after unplugging the machine fixes the issue again. However, something more automated would be prefered. I had the same problem. My solution was to edit /etc/conf.d/local and add the command into the local_start() function (before the return): local_start() { # This is a good place to load any misc programs # on startup (use /dev/null to hide output) hdparm -B 254 /dev/sd[abcdef] # We should always return 0 return 0 } and it automatically fixes my drives when I reboot.
Re: [gentoo-user] HDD with too aggressive power management
Apparently, though unproven, at 23:09 on Monday 31 January 2011, Nils Holland did opine thusly: Hi folks, I've got an Asus X7BJ-something laptop here that by default (i.e. when installing plain Gentoo on it) seems to do too aggressive power management for its hard drive. That is, already after only about five seconds(!!) of inactivity, the HDD spins down. This is kind of insane - you edit some small file, only half a minute later when you save it, you have to wait for what feels like ages for your HDD to spin back up and actually do something. ;-) The first thing I tried was having a look at the BIOS to see if HDD power management can be disable there. But no sir, no such option. Ok, no problem I thought, and emerged hdparm, which I have added to my default runlevel, so that it gets executed with the arguments -B 254 -S 0 upon each boot. That seems to fix it, HDD power management is off and no more unwanted spindowns occur. However, now comes the problem: It seems that whenever I change from wall power to battery power (probably also vice versa, but I haven't tested this often enough), the machine's HDD forgets about the settings I've made using hdparm and starts spinning down right again after only a few seconds of inactivity. That sucks. Running KDE with PowerDevil perhaps? Of course, manually executing hdparm -B 254 -S 0 /dev/sda after unplugging the machine fixes the issue again. However, something more automated would be prefered. First thing, I'm wondering if the change in power management parameters is actually caused by something at the OS level. I haven't set up any such thing explicitly, so I believe that it's something the machine just does outside of the OS's control. As it can be overridden by executing hdparm manually, what I would need is probably a place where I can hook in with a little shell script that gets executed every time the system's power source changes, and does nothing else than just execute hdparm with the appripriate parameters. So much about the theory, but then I don't really have an idea what I'd have to do to get a script to run every time the power source changes. And that's why I'm writing this message, as any suggestions that could point me into the right direction are very welcome. ;-) Greetings and thanks in advance, Nils -- alan dot mckinnon at gmail dot com
Re: [gentoo-user] Re: Emerge Problems...
- Original Message From: Francesco Talamona francesco.talam...@know.eu On Monday 31 January 2011, BRM wrote: I just wrote a new script last night, but I'm still not sure that all of the parameters are correct Why not something proven and reliable like emerge --sync? emerge --sync works fine for your _normal_ portage tree. But if you are running a mirror on a gentoo system that also needs its own copy of portage, then you really need to have two portage trees on the system. One portage tree is hosted by rsync for all - it can be synch'd at will with the official portage trees. The second portage tree is the system's portage tree, and is only sync'd when you update it - just like any other gentoo system. Why? I originally ran the server with rsync hosting its portage tree, with daily synchronizations. However, when I forgot and let the server fall behind a little in updates, it became quickly clear that it needed its own separate copy of portage so I can install software without synchronizing portage - or rather, install software without having to update the whole system, etc. Now, may be there are options for emerge --sync that I'm not aware of to handle just this case - but it works very well, and I ran it for quite a while. Sadly, I did not have that script backed up or anything; so I will have to recreate it again. Ben
Re: [gentoo-user] dd'ing small drive to large one
On 22:19 Mon 31 Jan , Alex Schuster wrote: I just wrote: My only fear is that the different drive geometry will be a problem, so Grub does not find its stage2 in /boot, or file systems will unreadable due to things being specified as head, cylinder and sector, instead of absolute blocks. I'm pretty confident that there should be no problem, but if I am wrong, I will be in trouble. Now I'm really really sure there will be no problem. What I wrote above about the gemotry is true I think, but all modern drives seem to have 255 heads and 63 sectors per track, so they will be compatible. Wonko Yep, I would be very surprised if what you're planning to do would result in problems, as I've done several such operations in the past without any issues. I've never had much to do with LVM, but the last time I was doing this sort of thing I dd'd source drive to target drive, resized /home (the last partition I always create) to fill the new, larger disk, and that was that, the machine instantly booted fine. Not exactly the same thing you are doing (especially as LVM is involved in your setup), but I can see no major difference between these two cases that looks like trouble. Greetings, Nils -- Nils Holland * Ti Systems, Wunsorf-Luthe (Germany) Powered by GNU/Linux since 1998
Re: [gentoo-user] dd'ing small drive to large one
On Monday 31 January 2011 21:19:44 Alex Schuster wrote: I just wrote: My only fear is that the different drive geometry will be a problem, so Grub does not find its stage2 in /boot, or file systems will unreadable due to things being specified as head, cylinder and sector, instead of absolute blocks. I'm pretty confident that there should be no problem, but if I am wrong, I will be in trouble. Now I'm really really sure there will be no problem. What I wrote above about the gemotry is true I think, but all modern drives seem to have 255 heads and 63 sectors per track, so they will be compatible. Does this also include the new 4096 byte sectors that (some) of the new 1TB drives have? TBH to avoid such conundrums I would partition the darn thing using parted with -a optimal option and then (s)tar/rsync the data into it. It will most likely be faster than dd in any case as blank space and sparse files can be easily taken care of with (s)tar/rsync. -- Regards, Mick signature.asc Description: This is a digitally signed message part.
Re: [gentoo-user] Re: Emerge Problems...
On 21:35 Mon 31 Jan , Francesco Talamona wrote: On Monday 31 January 2011, BRM wrote: I just wrote a new script last night, but I'm still not sure that all of the parameters are correct Why not something proven and reliable like emerge --sync? In fact, what I always do is sync one of my machines with an official Gentoo mirror via emerge --sync, and then I just use rsync to distribute the updated tree to all my other local machines as in: rsync --delete -trmv /usr/portage/ user@dest_host:/usr/portage One might want to ask rsync to exclude the distfiles directory, but I always include it as it oftentimes saves me the download of a file I've already downloaded during an emerge on another machine. In any case, locally updating my tree via rsync has always worked fine for me. Leaving the --delete option to rsync out, however, immediately leads to problems, with various ebuild-related error messages on subsequent emerges. I can imagine that the OP did, in fact, update his tree in such an inconsistent manner, but that can certainly be fixed, with the surest way being a emerge --sync using an official mirror. Greetings, Nils -- Nils Holland * Ti Systems, Wunsorf-Luthe (Germany) Powered by GNU/Linux since 1998
Re: [gentoo-user] emerge on really old tree
On Monday 31 January 2011 19:57:01 Alan McKinnon wrote: Apparently, though unproven, at 18:35 on Monday 31 January 2011, Andrei Brezan did opine thusly: [snip ...] Is it possible to update this system? If yes please shed some light or point me in the right direction. It's certainly possible to update the old machine, but the real question is, do you want to go through all that effort? You will probably have to deal with multiple situations that follow this pattern: some package version X needs to be upgraded to version x+2. But there's some other package that prevents you doing this immediately as there are blockers in place. So you upgrade the other package, then upgrade the first one to version X+1. Then do it all again to finally get the first package to version X+2 You also have python-2.4 in there which needs to go to 2.6. Ouch. I have horrible visions of running python-updater multiple times Gentoo shares its roots with FreeBSD but running Gentoo daily is always more involved than with FreeBSD, especially cases like this. You cannot just upgrade from eg Gentoo-5 to Gentoo-6 as these concepts do not exist. It is so much easier to just backup your data files and re-install, then restore the data. It'll take a few hours, trying to upgrade might take days. If you want to try, start with emerge -avuND system, get that to complete and take it from there. Only to reinforce what Alan says. Sometimes even a month or two is enough to cause headaches if cornerstone packages of the toolchain have been updated more than once. Unless you want to undertake this for self-punishment purposes, it will be much easier to back up /home /etc and /var/lib/portage/world from the current system and reinstall using the last two directories to minimise manual configuration of your box. -- Regards, Mick signature.asc Description: This is a digitally signed message part.
Re: [gentoo-user] dd'ing small drive to large one
Hi, On Mon, 2011-01-31 at 22:19 +0100, Alex Schuster wrote: Now I'm really really sure there will be no problem. What I wrote above about the gemotry is true I think, but all modern drives seem to have 255 heads and 63 sectors per track, so they will be compatible. Wonko The only problem I see with dd is that it won't do any error checking, afaik. Will you have the old drive in as #2 later to double check? The other option is clonezilla. It will be a bit more work for you, but you can script it to clone the partitions / drives / copy boot loaders and so on. Then the remote assistant can just boot it (from usb key even) and press go! -- Iain Buchanan iaindb at netspace dot net dot au I bought some used paint. It was in the shape of a house. -- Steven Wright
Re: [gentoo-user] HDD with too aggressive power management
Hi, On Mon, 2011-01-31 at 22:09 +0100, Nils Holland wrote: However, now comes the problem: It seems that whenever I change from wall power to battery power (probably also vice versa, but I haven't tested this often enough), the machine's HDD forgets about the settings I've made using hdparm and starts spinning down right again after only a few seconds of inactivity. That sucks. frustrating indeed! It could be a number of things: gnome, acpi, and/or bios making the changes automatically. My preference would be to fix it in acpid since it will work independent of the window manager or even X. emerge acpid, then edit /etc/acpi/default.sh similarly (sorry about the tabs/spaces): ... ac_adapter) case $value in *0) # code for unplugging the power echo conservative /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor echo conservative /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/cpufreq/scaling_governor ;; *1) # code for plugging in the power echo performance /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor echo performance /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/cpufreq/scaling_governor ;; ... Change (or add) your hdparm commands as required. You could have a different spin-down setting for power and battery if you wish. You'll still have to change the setting after booting, since acpi events usually aren't triggered then. Use local_start() as Paul suggested. If you suspend you may even have to do it after resuming as well. Note that if you use different spin down times you'll need to detect the state of AC before running the hdparm command. Something like this in /usr/local/bin/ should do: #!/bin/sh if ( awk '{print $2}' /proc/acpi/ac_adapter/AC/state | grep on-line ); then # AC adaptor is on-line! echo performance /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor echo performance /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/cpufreq/scaling_governor else # AC adaptor is off-line! echo conservative /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor echo conservative /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/cpufreq/scaling_governor fi then call that script from local_start(). HTH! -- Iain Buchanan iaindb at netspace dot net dot au I can write better than anybody who can write faster, and I can write faster than anybody who can write better. -- A.J. Liebling
Re: [gentoo-user] emerge on really old tree
Apparently, though unproven, at 00:49 on Tuesday 01 February 2011, Mick did opine thusly: It is so much easier to just backup your data files and re-install, then restore the data. It'll take a few hours, trying to upgrade might take days. If you want to try, start with emerge -avuND system, get that to complete and take it from there. Only to reinforce what Alan says. Sometimes even a month or two is enough to cause headaches if cornerstone packages of the toolchain have been updated more than once. Unless you want to undertake this for self-punishment purposes, it will be much easier to back up /home /etc and /var/lib/portage/world from the current system and reinstall using the last two directories to minimise manual configuration of your box. :-) I thought of some more logic. A box running python-2.4.x will likely need most of it's packages updated anyway, probably at least 90% given the high rate of ebuild churn in portage. So one can spent many fruitless hours navigating through all the blockers figuring out in what order that 90%+ must be built. With very high odds that some emerges will fail needing manual intervention. Or rather just start over and let portage figure it out reliably as there will be no blockers. With very high odds that no emerges will fail, resulting in no manual intervention. I've also found that masochistically trying to figure out it all out (yes I have tried it...) taught me nothing. Eventually I would just: emerge -C gigantic list of everything mentioned in blocker output emerge -av gigantic list of everything mentioned in blocker output So it's not even a learning opportunity. But upgrading to KDE-4.6.0 from 4.5.x when I had kbluetooth installed - now *that* was an excellent learning opportunity. -- alan dot mckinnon at gmail dot com
Re: [gentoo-user] Re: Emerge Problems...
Nils Holland wrote: On 21:35 Mon 31 Jan , Francesco Talamona wrote: On Monday 31 January 2011, BRM wrote: I just wrote a new script last night, but I'm still not sure that all of the parameters are correct Why not something proven and reliable like emerge --sync? In fact, what I always do is sync one of my machines with an official Gentoo mirror via emerge --sync, and then I just use rsync to distribute the updated tree to all my other local machines as in: rsync --delete -trmv /usr/portage/user@dest_host:/usr/portage One might want to ask rsync to exclude the distfiles directory, but I always include it as it oftentimes saves me the download of a file I've already downloaded during an emerge on another machine. In any case, locally updating my tree via rsync has always worked fine for me. Leaving the --delete option to rsync out, however, immediately leads to problems, with various ebuild-related error messages on subsequent emerges. I can imagine that the OP did, in fact, update his tree in such an inconsistent manner, but that can certainly be fixed, with the surest way being a emerge --sync using an official mirror. Greetings, Nils Maybe I am missing something but I have two machines here. I sync to the Gentoo servers with the main rig and then sync the second rig from the main rig. All you have to do is start the rsync service and set the IP address in the SYNC line in make.conf on the second rig. This is my rsyncd.conf on the main rig: # Simple example for enabling your own local rsync server [gentoo-portage] path = /usr/portage comment = Gentoo Portage tree exclude = /distfiles /packages If you want to include distfiles, just remove it from the exclude line. For my distfiles, I run http-replicator to fetch those. It works pretty well. Dale :-) :-)
Re: [gentoo-user] dd'ing small drive to large one
Mick writes: On Monday 31 January 2011 21:19:44 Alex Schuster wrote: Now I'm really really sure there will be no problem. What I wrote above about the gemotry is true I think, but all modern drives seem to have 255 heads and 63 sectors per track, so they will be compatible. Does this also include the new 4096 byte sectors that (some) of the new 1TB drives have? Ouch. Good point, Mick. I have no idea if this would be a problem. I'll better make sure the new drive has the traditional block size. I just heard that this Dell PC only supports up to 320G drives, but I assume that means that Dell did sell them with this maximum capacity, not that a larger drive won't work. BTW, the PC only has space for one SATA drive. If the new drive would also fit in, I could do the whole copy from remote, with minimum downtime. But so the new drive has to be attached via USB first to clone the original drive, and then it will replace it. TBH to avoid such conundrums I would partition the darn thing using parted with -a optimal option and then (s)tar/rsync the data into it. It will most likely be faster than dd in any case as blank space and sparse files can be easily taken care of with (s)tar/rsync. But it involves much more typing than a single dd command. And more things could go possibly wrong. There is not much free space on the drive anyway, and no sparse files I know of. And shouldn't dd be a little faster for a full drive because there is no file system overhead, no seeking operations? In theory, dd should read with maximum transfer rate as fast as the drive can deliver. But here we have one USB drive, so things are slower anyway. Wonko
Re: [gentoo-user] Not getting video hardware acceleration
On Mon, Jan 31, 2011 at 07:49:13PM +, Mick wrote Have you followed the instructions on this page re: radeon-ucode and the kernel configuration http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/xorg-config.xml If so, what does ls -la /lib/firmware/radeon/ show? Is R600_rlc.bin showing up in there? Thanks, that was it. I didn't realize that Radeon drivers involved loading firmware blobs. I thought that was for proprietary drivers like nvidia or fglrx. Anyhow, it works now and keeps up with live high-def TV playback from my HDHomerun tuner box. I have one or two more items to deal with before the laptop is 100% functional under linux, but that'll be another thread. -- Walter Dnes waltd...@waltdnes.org
Re: [gentoo-user] emerge on really old tree
On Monday 31 January 2011 23:31:23 Alan McKinnon wrote: So it's not even a learning opportunity. But upgrading to KDE-4.6.0 from 4.5.x when I had kbluetooth installed - now *that* was an excellent learning opportunity. Tell us more ... what are the gotchas? -- Regards, Mick signature.asc Description: This is a digitally signed message part.