---------- From: Hashi Al-Eritre[SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Monday, June 06, 2005 2:17 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: [islaam] The Ruling on Nasheeds
The Ruling on Nasheeds Bismillah wal Alhamdulillah wa salaata wa salaam 'ala rasulillah, assalaamu 'alaikom wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh, >From among the most misunderstood rulings is regarding the ruling of Nasheeds or otherwise called 'Islamic music'. Inshaa Allah i hope to provide some material on the matter so as to help clear up the misconception that all kinds of 'islamic music' is permissable, as well as outline the conditions for a nasheed to be permissable and for the allowance of the use of the Daff. As in all affairs of the religion, our adherance is to the Quran and the Sunnah, and in the understanding of the companions. As the trait of the Believer is that he or she prefers the Truth over his or her desires, i hope that each of us can read and comprehend on the evidences given on the matter, while putting aside any of the barriers that will prevent you us from accepting the truth, whether they be desires, personal preferences, or baseless favourtism of opinions. ------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------- Al-Bukhaari narrated that the Prophet (sulAllahu 'alayhi wassalaam) said: "There will be among my ummah people who will regard adultery, silk, alcohol and musical instruments as permissible." This hadeeth indicates that all musical instruments are haraam, including the daff. 'Abdullaah ibn 'Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The daff is haraam, stringed instruments are haraam, drums are haraam and flutes are haraam. Narrated by al-Bayhaqi, 10/222 But there are some ahaadeeth which indicate that it is permissible to beat the daff in some circumstances, which are: Eid, weddings, and when one who has been away returns. The evidence is given below. 1 - It was narrated from 'Aa'ishah that Abu Bakr (sulAllahu 'alayhi wassalaam) entered upon her and there were two girls with her during the days of Mina beating the daff, and the Prophet (sulAllahu 'alayhi wassalaam) was covering himself with his garment. Abu Bakr rebuked them, and the Prophet (sulAllahu 'alayhi wassalaam) uncovered his face and said, "Leave them alone, O Abu Bakr, for these are the days of Eid." That was during the days of Mina. [Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 944; Muslim, 892 ] 2 - It was narrated that al-Rubayyi' bint Mu'awwidh ibn 'Afra' said: "After the consummation of my marriage, the Prophet (sulAllahu 'alayhi wassalaam) came and sat on my bed as far from me as you are sitting now, and our little girls started beating the daff and reciting verses mourning my father, who had been killed in the battle of Badr. One of them said, 'Among us is a Prophet who knows what will happen tomorrow.' On that the Prophet said, 'Omit this (saying) and keep on saying the verses which you had been saying before.'" (Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 4852). 3 - It was narrated that Buraydah said: The Messenger of Allaah (sulAllahu 'alayhi wassalaam) went out on one of his military campaigns, and when he came back, a black slave woman came and said, "O Messenger of Allaah, I vowed that if Allaah brought you back safe and sound, I would beat the daff before you and sing. The Messenger of Allaah (sulAllahu 'alayhi wassalaam) said, "If you vowed that, then do it, otherwise do not do it.'" So she started to beat the daff, and Abu Bakr came in whilst she was doing so. Then 'Ali came in whilst she was beating the daff, then 'Uthmaan came in whilst she was beating the daff, then 'Umar came in and she threw the daff beneath her and sat on it. The Messenger of Allaah (sulAllahu 'alayhi wassalaam) said, "The Shaytaan is afraid of you, O 'Umar. I was sitting and she was beating the daff, then Abu Bakr came in when she was beating the daff; then 'Ali came in when she was beating the daff; then 'Uthmaan came in when she was beating the daff, but when you came in, O 'Umar, she put the daff down." [Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 3690; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi, 2913.] These ahaadeeth indicate that it is permissible to beat the daff in these three situations. Apart from that, the principle remains that it is haraam. Some scholars made the matter broader and said that it is permissible to beat the daff when a child is born and when he is circumcised; others take the matter further and say that it is permissible on all occasions that are a cause for expressing joy, such as the recovery of a sick person and the like. [See al-Mawsoo'ah al-Fiqhiyyah, 38/169 ] But it is better to limit ourselves to what was narrated in the text. And Allaah knows best. Regarding the playing of the Daff, the correct view is that it is not permissible to beat the daff except for women. If a man does that, he is imitating women, which is a major sin. Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: In general, it is a well known principle of the Islamic religion that the Prophet (sulAllahu 'alayhi wassalaam) did not prescribe that the righteous men, devoted worshippers and ascetics of this ummah should gather to listen to verses of poetry chanted to the accompaniment of handclapping, rhythm sticks or daffs. It is not permissible for anyone to go beyond the limits of Islam and follow something other than that which was narrated in the Qur'aan and Sunnah, whether that has to do with inward matters or outward, whether for the common man or the elite. But the Prophet (sulAllahu 'alayhi wassalaam) granted a concession for some kinds of entertainment on the occasion of weddings and the like, and he also granted a concession to women allowing them to beat the daff at weddings and on other joyous occasions. But with regard to the men of his time, none of them used to beat the daff or clap his hands, rather it was proven in al-Saheeh that he said, 'Clapping is for women, and Tasbeeh is for men,' and he cursed women who imitate men and men who imitate women. Because singing, beating the daff and clapping the hands are actions of women, the salaf used to call a man who did that mukhannath (effeminate, sissified, fruity, etc), and they used to call male singers makhaaneeth (people of mukhannath). This is well known. [Majmoo' al-Fataawa, 11/565, 566] Al-Hafidh Ibn Hajar (rahimahullah) said: The strong (qawiy) ahaadeeth indicate that this is permissible for women, but that does not include men, because of the general meaning of the prohibition on men imitating women. [Fath al-Baari, 9/226] Shaykh 'Abd al-'Azeez ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: Rather the concession allowing women to use the daff is for them only. With regard to men, it is not permissible for them to do any of that, whether on weddings or on other occasions. Rather Allaah has prescribed for men to train in the instruments of war and skills needed for battle, such as shooting and horse riding, and competing in that. [Majallat al-Jaami'ah al-Islamiyyah (Magazine of the Islamic University in al-Madeenah al-Munawwarah), 3rd edition, 2nd year, Muharram, 1390 AH, p. 185, 186] And he also said: With regard to weddings, it is prescribed to beat the daff and sing regular songs which do not call for or praise anything that is haraam. This is to be done at night, by women only, to announce the wedding and to emphasize the difference between this legitimate marriage and zina (adultery) which is done in secret, as was narrated in the saheeh Sunnah from the Prophet (sulAllahu 'alayhi wassalaam). [Al-Tabarruj wa Khataruhu (Immoral display and its dangers)] Shaikh Muhammad Naasiruddin al-Albaani (rahimahullah) said: If these nasheeds have 'Islaamic' meanings whilst not having in them any musical instruments such as duffs, other drums, or the like, then there is no problem in this. However, it is necessary to explain an important condition for their permissibility, and that is that they should be free of anything contradicting the shar'iyyah such as going to extremes and the like. Then another condition is that it should not become a habit because that diverts listeners [of the nasheeds> from the recitation of the Qur`aan, which is encouraged in the prophetic, purified, sunnah. Likewise, it diverts them from seeking beneficial knowledge and calling to Allaah subhaanahu. As for the use of duffs in nasheeds, then this is permissible for women when amongst themselves, and not for men, and on 'Eed and on weddings only. [Al-Asaalah, Issue #2] An important note must be made regarding the permissable kind of Daff. The Daffs in the time of the Prophet (sulAllahu 'alayhi wassalaam) did not have the chims and bells that we find in most of the Daffs nowadays. Rather this was an addition that the people added to the Daff, which the Prophet (sulAllahu 'alayhi wassalaam) never legislated, nor did the companions practice or accept such types of Daffs. The addition itself (ie. Chims or Bells) is a forbidden type of instrument, and just because one decides to add it to the Daff doesnt make it permissable... just like if one decides to add alcohol to a drink doesnt make that drink permissable, rather it makes it forbidden. So the Daff that contains these chims and bells is forbidden to use. So to conclude: Men are allowed to sing Nasheeds as long as the following conditions are met: - They must be free of any instruments including the Daff - They should be free of any statements or actions contradicting the Shari'ah, - They should not be excessive such that it would divert one from reciting the Quran and other acts of Ibaadah. Women are allowed to sing Nasheeds as long as the following conditions are met: - The Daff is allowed only in occasions of Weddings, Eid, and upon the return of someone from a journey - They should only be done among the women in private without any men present to participate or listen - They should not be exessive such that it would divert them from reciting the Quran and other acts of Ibaadah. Inshaa Allah hope this has helped to clear up much of the false perceptions going around regarding the ruling of Nasheeds. May Allah make us among those who adhere to the Truth, and who shy away from whatever leads to falsehood... as Allah loves the Truth and loves those who adhere to it. BarakAllahu feekum. wassalaamu 'alaikom. References: http://www.islam-qa.com http://www.al-manhaj.com/details.cfm?DetailID=8 [Fataawa al-Albaani] __________________________ "By Al-`Asr (the time). Verily! Man is in loss, Except those who believe (in Islaamic Monotheism) and do righteous good deeds, and recommend one another to the truth [i.e. order one another to perform all kinds of good deeds (Al-Ma`roof المعروف) which Allaah has ordained, and abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds (Al-Munkar المنكر) which Allaah has forbidden], and recommend one another to patience (for the sufferings, harms, and injuries which one may encounter in Allaah's Cause during preaching His religion of Islaamic Monotheism or Jihaad, etc.)." 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