You can use ave(), like this:
ke$maxa - ave(ke$a, as.factor(ke$patid), FUN=max)
greetings,
remko
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Dear R-list,
I am looking for a way to efficiently read a text file (see example below)
into a nested list. I can probably find an ugly way to do this, but I would
appreciate if anyone has (ideas for) efficient solutions.
It seems to me this is a bit similar to parsing XML, could tools from the
Thanks for that - too bad there isn't a simple workaround!
greetings
Remko
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(testlist)
print.testclass(testlist2)
Your object name is testlist2
thanks,
Remko Duursma
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Dear R-helpers,
I have trouble aligning an expression with a subscript, and text, in margin
text:
par(mar=c(6,6,1,1))
b - barplot(1:3)
mtext(c(A,B,C), at=b, side=1, line=1, cex=1.3)
mtext(expression(italic(C)[a]~(more~text)), at=0, line=1, side=1,cex=1.3)
As explained in the help files and
dfr - data.frame(txt= c(abab,ghghg,ththt,dfdfdf), yvar=1:4)
ind - substr(dfr$txt,1,2)
dfr[ind == ab,]
greetings,
Remko
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Hi Erin,
this is one way:
Block - c(5600-5699,6100-6199,9700-9799,9400-9499,8300-8399)
splBlock - strsplit(Block,-)
sapply(splBlock, [, 1)
greetings,
Remko
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and keep.source=TRUE, but neither seem to
affect this behavior.
thanks,
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
www.remkoduursma.com
On Tue, Sep 6, 2011 at 6:55 PM, Prof Brian Ripley rip...@stats.ox.ac.uk wrote:
On Tue, 6 Sep
Hi Remko,
How about ?try
Hope it helps,
Tsjerk
Not quite, because then the code chunk in the final doc. will have this
try() around it as well - not too pretty for a user manual.
remko
On Aug 9, 2011 5:30 AM, Remko Duursma remkoduur...@gmail.com wrote:
Dear R-helpers,
sorry
You can modify the behaviour upon errors by setting the error option. Check
?option and ?stop
I looked at the 'error' settings in ?options, but I am not sure how that
would be helpful, since I am trying to avoid Sweave from halting after an
error occurs. I still want the error to be printed,
, reproducible code.
On 11-08-08 9:48 PM, Remko Duursma wrote:
Dear R-helpers,
sorry if this is obvious, but I can't find this in the documentation.
I am using Sweave, and have some code that does not actually work - but I
want to include it anyway, including the error message that R produces
Works like a charm, thanks!
remko
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Dear R-helpers,
sorry if this is obvious, but I can't find this in the documentation.
I am using Sweave, and have some code that does not actually work - but I
want to include it anyway, including the error message that R produces.
But on running Sweave() on my .Rnw file, it simply halts when
Dear R-helpers,
I am using confint() within a function, and I want to turn off the message
it prints:
x - rnorm(100)
y - x^1.1+rnorm(100)
nlsfit - nls(y ~ g0*x^g1, start=list(g0=1,g1=1))
confint(nlsfit)
Waiting for profiling to be done...
2.5%97.5%
g0 0.4484198 1.143761
g1
in the relationship:
# Y(treatment ==B) / Y(treatment==A) as a function of X, with a
confidence interval!
Do I just do a bootstrap here? Or is there a more appropriate method?
Thanks a lot for any help.
greetings,
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
, but I don't know how to get the CI for the ratio!
thanks,
remko
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
www.remkoduursma.com
On Tue
Here is another solution, using apply() and lapply().
# list of sequences corresponding to each row in data1:
seqlist - apply(data1, 1, function(x)seq(from=x[1], to=x[2]))
# Find which rows of data2 are inside those sequences:
rowsInSeq- unlist(lapply(seqlist , function(x)which(data2$position
Does ?snapshot3d not do what you want? Or what do you mean by 'export' ?
remko
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
( , ),title=Legend,cex=0.6, bty='n', title.adj=0.15)
A bit of a hack but it works
If you want the title larger, it will probably not fit the box, which
you can omit by setting bty='n' (as in the second line).
good luck,
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Hi Casper,
try this:
b - barplot(table(x2),density=4, ylim=c(0,100))
tx2 - table(x2)
text(b,tx2+5, as.character(tx2))
greetings,
Remko
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Hi all,
library(rgl)
plot3d(1,1,1)
snapshot3d(somefile.png)
Error in rgl.snapshot(...) :
pixmap save format not supported in this build
Why does this no longer work?
thanks,
Remko
sessionInfo()
R version 2.12.0 (2010-10-15)
Platform: i386-pc-mingw32/i386 (32-bit)
locale:
[1]
Ok, thanks. I just found the new (?) function rgl.postscript() , which works
better for me anyway.
Remko
Duncan Murdoch-2 wrote:
On 02/11/2010 8:24 PM, Remko Duursma wrote:
Hi all,
library(rgl)
plot3d(1,1,1)
snapshot3d(somefile.png)
Error in rgl.snapshot(...) :
pixmap save
Dear Karena,
Please read the posting guide : your example cannot be reproduced because we
don't know in which package the 'running' function resides.
Generally speaking, use 'points' or 'lines' to add points or lines to the
current device.
greetings,
remko
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Or,
tap - tapply(rate, rating, mean)
data.frame(Rating=as.factor(rownames(tap)), Mean=as.vector(tap))
remko
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Hi Alex,
is this what you want?
par(xaxs=i, yaxs=i, cex.axis=0.3)
plot(1, type='n', ann=FALSE, axes=FALSE,xlim=c(0,100),ylim=c(0,100))
axis(1, at=1:100)
axis(2, at=1:100)
abline(h=1:100,col=grey)
abline(v=1:100,col=grey)
X - sample(1:100, 10)
Y - sample(1:100, 10)
rect(X,Y,X+1,Y+1,col=red)
Here is a different solution:
library(gpclib)
p1 - as(poly1, gpc.poly)
p2 - as(poly2, gpc.poly)
area.poly(p2) + area.poly(p1) - area.poly(union(p1,p2))
I.e., take areas of both polygons and subtract the union (check
plot(union(p1,p2)) ) to get the area of the intersection.
greetings,
Remko
like this:
format(strptime(datetime, %m/%d/%Y %H:%M), %m/%d/%Y %H:%M %Z)
remko
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I don't know why I forgot that you can do this as well :
area.poly(intersect(p1,p2))
... a bit more straightforward.
greetings,
Remko
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This probably fixes it, although an example would be nice :
write.csv(dfr, row.names=FALSE)
you change the names with the ?names function before writing it to a csv
file.
remko
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?prop.test
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Hi Berwin and all others who replied:
that did the trick, thanks for your help!
remko
Actually, it turns out that this example is simplified enough. :)
I put this snippet into a file, compiled it via R CMD SHLIB, loaded
it into R and then was very surprised about the result of .Fortran(f,
Dear Jonas,
if you can write the difference in y-values between your polygons as a
function, you can use
integrate() to get the area between the polygons.
It sounds like perhaps your x-values will not match between the polygons
because they come from different sources, so you probably have to
,y,z)
end
subroutine g(x,y,z)
z = x*y
end
calling this from R shows that subroutine g is not called. The code
compiled as executable works fine.
thanks,
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Centre for Plants and the Environment
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
www.remkoduursma.com
__
R-help@r-project.org
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
www.remkoduursma.com
On Wed, Oct 20, 2010 at 10:00 AM, Duncan Murdoch
murdoch.dun...@gmail.com wrote:
On 19/10/2010 6
deleted it from the second library, but it still gives me the same
error message.
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
How about:
y[y[,2] %in% x.samp[,2],]
gives you the subset of y where values in the second column are restricted
to your sample from x.
You can then sample from this matrix, if you need to...
greetings,
Remko
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Try something like this:
dfr - read.table(textConnection(plate.id well.id Group HYB
rlt1
1 P1 A1 Control SKOV3hyb 0.190
2 P1 A2 Control SKOV3hyb 0.210
3 P1 A3 Control SKOV3hyb 0.205
4 P1 A4 Control SKOV3hyb 0.206
5 P1
Please provide a reproducible example, like:
library(ca)
data(author)
p - ca(author)
# now look at this:
str(p)
to find that this object of class 'ca' has lots of different results in it -
it is up to you to decide which ones you make into a dataframe.
cheers,
Remko
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I think you want ?solve ...
Remko
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-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
www.remkoduursma.com
/2010 04:54 PM, Remko Duursma wrote:
Thanks for the tip - this cleans up the code a lot!
Unfortunately, there is no gain in speed.
Playing a little bit dirty,
punion -
function(...)
{
n - nargs()
if (0L == n) new(gpc.poly)
else if (1L == n is(..1, gpc.poly)) ..1
else
('union', x)
leaveout - Unionall(leaves)
On Tue, Jun 1, 2010 at 9:53 PM, Remko Duursma remkoduur...@gmail.com
wrote:
Dear R-helpers,
thanks for yesterday's speeding-up tip. Here is my next query:
I have lots of polygons (not necessarily convex ones, and they never
have holes) given by x
Baptiste,
thanks for the tip but this would give me an approximate union, and I
really need a (nearly) exact one. I am also not sure how to set the
alpha parameter in a non-arbitrary way.
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Centre
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
(leavesoutline)
thanks!
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
, delaunayn(m)))
plot3d(m[,1],m[,2],m[,3], type='l', col=black, size=2)
rgl.triangles(m[tm, 1], m[tm, 2], m[tm, 3], col=green)
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Duncan,
thanks for the tip! I actually saw this 2D function but had no idea
how to use it in 3D. Works great.
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
www.remkoduursma.com
-
Remko Duursma
Research Lecturer
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
www.remkoduursma.com
Albert,
try something like this:
extfiles - list.files(pattern=.ext)
for(f in extfiles){
process.data(f)
#etc
}
greetings,
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
www.remkoduursma.com
2010/1/15 Joel Fürstenberg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#Beta
r
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie
this:
mylis[[which(index == 0)]]
[1] x
mylis[[which(index == 1)]]
[1] y z
Is that what you want?
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept
any(duplicated(c(1,2,2)))
r
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
See the function 'convhulln' in the 'geometry' package. It uses this
algorithm : http://www.qhull.org/
remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW
Oh right I think I did not catch that *because of* the caps. Sorry.
r
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Try the rgl package.
r
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
Because print.foo is not defined if you only include the function g
in your namespace.
remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept
Something like:
format(as.Date(20090501,format=%Y%m%d), %Y %m %d)
r
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie
strsplit(hello,)[[1]]
r
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
?
thanks,
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
Mobile
://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
it.
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
Mobile: +61 (0)422
this is, and how to fix this?
thanks for your help
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
col=c(blue,red)mydfr$[treatment]
Yes, but I would like to use the function for lots of other dataframes
as well, so embedding 'mydfr' in the function is not the ideal
solution...
remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants
The example is reproducible! Did you see the first post?
remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie
the Google Docs authorization by turning the proxy off;
options( RCurlOptions = list(verbose = TRUE,
proxy = ))
And then turn it back on, I can connect just fine.
thanks,
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
server and the port number.
(Windows XP).
thanks,
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
What is the problem exactly?
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
, resultlis))
greetings,
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
you mean, can you give a specific example?
remko
-N
On 8/4/09 4:57 PM, Remko Duursma wrote:
Hi Noah,
there are a few ways to do this. Easiest is to keep adding an element
to a list, and then make it into a dataframe at the end, like this:
resultlis- list()
for(i in 1:10){
# your
Search on http://finzi.psych.upenn.edu/search.html
gives lots of hits on pie chart.
See for example ?pie3D in the plotrix package.
Or, be more specific about what you are looking for.
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
On Fri, Jul 24, 2009 at 8:45 AM
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plants and the Environment
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
On Mon, Jul 20, 2009 at 1:41 PM, Gabor
there.
Does anyone know of an implementation of this algorithm in R, or
elsewhere, or uses the fdim package successfully and can help me out?
thanks,
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plant and Food Science
University
Check out
http://www.datathief.org/
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plant and Food Science
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW
- interpSpline(yvar ~ Date, testdfr)
preddfr - data.frame(Date=as.POSIXct(2008-08-02))
predict(sp, preddfr)
thanks,
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plant and Food Science
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond
Thanks for that... the error message threw me off.
r
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plant and Food Science
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North
, there are no problems.
Any pointers?
thanks
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plant and Food Science
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North
x - list(integer(0),1,2)
x[sapply(x, length) 0]
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plant and Food Science
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde
() or another lattice function?
dev.cur() does not help me, it just tells me windows 2.
(Windows XP).
thanks
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plant and Food Science
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Thanks for the tip. I did some reading on setHook, etc.. but I am
terribly confused. Do you (or someone else!) have a quick example of
what the call will look like?
thanks
remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plant and Food
Have you tried flush.console() ?
r
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plant and Food Science
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
this can be done prettier, but whatever)
z - paste(mydata, collapse=\n)
read.table(textConnection(z))
greetings
Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plant and Food Science
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW
Sorry, forgot this line after the textConnection bit:
r - readLines(myfile)
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plant and Food Science
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plant and Food Science
University of Western Sydney
Hawkesbury Campus
Richmond NSW 2753
Dept of Biological Science
Macquarie University
North Ryde NSW 2109
Australia
Mobile: +61 (0)422 096908
On Tue, Jan 27, 2009 at 3:38 AM, Dan31415 d.m.mitch
parameters:
shapeest - 1.101
rateest - 2.49
h - hist(mydata, breaks=50, plot=FALSE)
plot(h$mids, log(h$density))
curve(log(dgamma(x, shape=shapeest, rate=rateest)), add=TRUE)
#Remko
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plant and Food Science
- temp
}
else {
a - temp[1]
b - temp[2]
}
}
segments(x0=from,x1=to,
y0=a+from*b,y1=a+to*b,...)
}
-
Remko Duursma
Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Plant and Food Science
University
Hi Sit,
# Read the data:
dat - scan(textConnection(
0.293290E-05 0.117772E-05 -0.645205 *rs2282755*
0.307521E-05 0.000314 0.412997 *rs1336838*
0.484017E-05 0.218311 0.188669 *rs2660664
rs967785*
0.977861E-05 0.070474 0.294653
Dear R list,
I was wondering if there is an easy fix to this problem (there are workarounds,
as always):
Within a for loop, we can use next to skip to the next index,
but how can we skip the next n indices?
So, I would like something that looks like;
for(i in 1:10){
Dear R-helpers,
I have a numeric vector, like:
x - c(1,2,3,4,5,6)
I make this into a string for output to a text file, separated by \n:
paste(x, collapse=\n)
Is there a way to alternate the collapse argument? So between the first two
elements of x, I want to separate by , then by \n, and
# Trim white space (leading and/or trailing). Includes tabs.
trim - function(str)gsub('^[[:space:]]+', '', gsub('[[:space:]]+$', '', str))
#
levels(SurveyData$direction_) - trim(levels(SurveyData$direction_))
Date: Thu, 14 Aug 2008 15:55:38 -0700
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To:
r, and want to find x.
# I have a (very) ugly solution:
chars - paste(r,collapse=)zeros - strsplit(chars,1)x - nchar(zeros[[1]])
Thanks for your help!
Remko Duursma
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
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