I recall one horrified member of one list who, during a discussion on
natural salts as opposed to 'normal' table salt (stripped of useful
minerals, heated, and otherwise abused) wrote in to say there was
fluoride in Himalayan salt, so he would absolutely not be using that.
From memory, I think the 'natural' one is fluorine, not fluoride, and
is of course in its natural, original form.
R
Wikipedia: Fluorine is the chemical element with symbol F and atomic
number 9. It is the lightest halogen and has a single stable isotope,
fluorine-19. At standard pressure and temperature, fluorine is a pale
yellow gas composed of diatomic molecules, F2. Fluorine is the most
electronegative element. It is also the most reactive of all the
elements, requiring great care in handling. The compounds of fluorine
are called fluorides............... In Earth's crust, fluorine is the
thirteenth-most abundant element. Fluorine's most important mineral,
fluorite, was first formally described in 1529 in the context of
smelting. The mineral's name derives from the Latin verb fluo, meaning
"flow", because fluorite was added to metal ores to lower their melting
points. Suggested as a chemical element in 1811, fluorine was named
after the source mineral. The dangerous element resisted many attempts
to isolate it, but in 1886, French chemist Henri Moissan succeeded. His
method of electrolysis remains the industrial production method for
fluorine gas............................ The largest use of elemental
fluorine, uranium enrichment, was developed during the Manhattan
Project.The largest uses of inorganic fluorides are steel making and
aluminium refining. Organofluorides tend to have high chemical and
thermal stability. The largest commercial use is in refrigerant gases;
even though traditional chlorofluorocarbons are banned, the replacements
still contain fluorine. .......................
A growing fraction of modern pharmaceuticals contain fluorine; Lipitor
and Prozac are prominent examples.
Fluorine is the thirteenth most common element in Earth's crust,
comprising between 600 and 700 ppm of the crust by mass. Because of its
reactivity, it is usually found as fluoridated compounds. Three minerals
exist that are industrially relevant sources: fluorite, fluorapatite,
and cryolite.[39][40]
Fluorite (CaF2), also called fluorspar, is the main source of
commercial fluorine. Fluorite is a colorful mineral associated with
hydrothermal deposits. It is common and found worldwide. China supplies
more than half of the world's demand; Mexico is the second-largest
producer. The United States produced most of the world's fluorite in the
early 20th century, but its last mine, in Illinois, shut down in
1995.[40][41][42][43]
Fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F) is mined along with other apatites for
its phosphate content and is used mostly for production of fertilizers.
Most of the Earth's fluorine is bound in this mineral, but because the
percentage within the mineral is low (3.5%), the fluorine is discarded
as waste. Only in the United States is there significant recovery. There
the hexafluorosilicates produced as byproducts are used to supply water
fluoridation.[40]
Cryolite (Na3AlF6) is the least abundant of the three but is a
concentrated source of fluorine. It was formerly used directly in
aluminium production. However, the main commercial mine, on the west
coast of Greenland, closed in 1987.[40]
Progress in isolating the element was slowed by the exceptional dangers
of generating fluorine: several 19th century experimenters, the
"fluorine martyrs", were killed or blinded.[note 4] Initial attempts to
isolate the element were also hindered by material difficulties: the
extreme corrosiveness and reactivity of hydrogen fluoride (and of
fluorine gas) as well as problems getting a suitable conducting liquid
for electrolysis.[49][58] ..................
However, recent studies showed no difference in the frequency of caries
(cavities) amongst teeth that were pre-fluoridated to different degrees.
Current thinking is that fluoride prevent cavities primarily by helping
teeth that are in the very early stages of tooth decay to regrow tooth
enamel. In any case, it is only the fluoride that is directly present in
the mouth (topical treatment) that prevents cavities. Fluoride ions that
are swallowed do not benefit the teeth.[111] ..............
Although the best available evidence shows no association with adverse
effects other than dental fluorosis, most of which is mild,[115] water
fluoridation has been contentious for ethical, safety, and efficacy
reasons........................
About 20% of modern pharmaceuticals contain fluorine
Several inhaled anesthetics, including the most common ones, are heavily
fluorinated. The first fluorinated anesthetic, halothane, proved to be
much safer (neither explosive nor flammable) and longer-lasting than
those previously used.............................
Owing to its lesser chemical dissociation in water (remaining a neutral
molecule), hydrogen fluoride penetrates tissue more quickly than typical
acids. Poisoning can occur readily through the skin or eyes or when
inhaled or swallowed. Once in the blood, hydrogen fluoride reacts with
calcium and magnesium, resulting in electrolyte imbalance (potentially
hypocalcemia). The consequent cardiac arrhythmia may be fatal.[150]
Formation of insoluble calcium fluoride also causes strong pain.[151]
Burns with areas larger than 160 cm2 (25 in2), about the size of a man's
hand, can cause serious systemic toxicity.[152]
Historically, most cases of fluoride poisoning have been caused by
accidental ingestion of insecticides containing inorganic fluoride,[162]
Currently, most calls to poison control centers for possible fluoride
poisoning come from the ingestion of fluoride-containing
toothpaste.[159] Malfunction of water fluoridation equipment has
occurred several times, including an Alaskan incident which sickened
nearly 300 people and killed one.[163]
On 21/08/2013 9:09 AM, Lena Guyot wrote:
> There are two forms of fluoride apparently, good and bad, our, and I
would assume all other mains water supplies contain the toxic waste by
product of Industry fluoride imported from China
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