[biofuels-biz] California Senate oks emissions bill targeting SUVs
http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/15809/story.htm Planet Ark : California Senate oks emissions bill targeting SUVs USA: May 6, 2002 SACRAMENTO - California's state Senate approved a controversial bill to limit greenhouse gas emissions, a measure automakers say is aimed at choking off sales of sport utility vehicles through tighter fuel economy standards. Gov. Gray Davis has not taken a position on the bill, which is strongly opposed by the auto industry. Officials in his office said the Democratic governor was working with the bill's author, Democratic Assemblymember Fran Pavley, seeking to make it more palatable to all parties concerned. The proposal has been attacked by representatives of the automotive industry, who have called it a driving tax intended to drive a wedge between Californians and their beloved SUVs - a big source of greenhouse gas emissions. Some 47 percent of passenger vehicles sold in the nation's most-populous state are SUVs, minivans or light trucks, a percentage that has tripled over the last 30 years. The Senate passed the bill, AB1058, by a vote of 22-13. It now returns for a concurrence vote in the Assembly, which first passed the measure in January. The bill would require the state's Air Resources Board to adopt regulations that would achieve the maximum feasible reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), emitted by cars and light-duty trucks, the category that includes SUVs. The regulations, which should be completed by 2005, would not take effect until at least Jan. 1, 2006. An amended version of the bill would give automakers until 2009 to come up with technological changes or modifications to comply with the new standards. Because California's Air Resources Board was established before the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was formed under the Clean Air Act of 1970, California is unique in its ability to impose air quality standards independent of federal regulation. The federal government last month rejected a proposed 50-percent boost in fuel-efficiency for gas-guzzling cars and SUVs. Existing federal Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards require passenger cars to average 27.5 miles per gallon, while SUVs, along with mini-vans and other vehicles in the light truck category, need only achieve 20.7 mpg. REUTERS NEWS SERVICE Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] FTC says it is turning ADM ethanol price probe over to DOJ
http://enn.com/news/wire-stories/2002/05/05072002/reu_47136.asp - 5/7/2002 - ENN.com FTC says it is turning ADM ethanol price probe over to DOJ Tuesday, May 07, 2002 By Soo Youn, Reuters NEW YORK - U.S. trade regulators said on Monday they will send a price-fixing investigation of Archer Daniels Midland and other producers of the gasoline additive ethanol to the Department of Justice, in a sign the case could turn into a criminal probe. After reviewing these materials, staff of the FTC's Bureau of Competition has transmitted them to the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice, the Federal Trade Commission's General Counsel William Kovacic wrote in a letter to Doug Ose, the head of the House Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Natural Resources and Regulatory Affairs. Late last month, Ose, a California Republican, introduced internal memoranda by ADM and other ethanol producers indicating collusion to set prices for alcohol originating from surplus European wine to finish into the gasoline additive. During the April 23 hearing, Ose asked the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to investigate the allegations. After an initial review, the FTC turned the probe over to the Department of Justice, which is authorized to investigate criminal matters. Ose, an opponent of an ethanol mandate passed as part of the broader Senate energy bill, said the transferring of the investigation implied illegal activity. The fact that the FTC referred these documents to the Department of Justice raises a new set of concerns regarding criminal violations by the ethanol industry, Ose said. Although the FTC and the Justice Department can both investigate antitrust violations, the Justice Department is primarily responsible for investigating criminal violations, he added. ADM, which produces 41 percent of ethanol in the United States, has long touted the benefits of ethanol as a boon to U.S. farmers and U.S. energy security because most of the product is made from American corn. However, the documents under review suggest that the company has been rigging bids to buy European wine alcohol before processing it into ethanol in the Caribbean. In doing so, the company appears to have benefited from advantage of subsidies both in Europe and the United States, Ose said. There still is not any allegation of impropriety regarding the sale of ethanol, said Larry Cunningham, the company's senior vice president of corporate affairs. It has to do with purchases of wine alcohol in the European Union 8 or 10 years ago. We are doing fact-finding at ADM to determine what the facts are, Cunningham added. In 1996 ADM pleaded guilty to fixing prices of two other products and paid a $100 million fine, and three of its executives were convicted of criminal charges and sent to prison. Copyright 2002, Reuters Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] US appeals court upholds EPA cut in diesel emissions
http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/15804/story.htm Planet Ark : US appeals court upholds EPA cut in diesel emissions USA: May 6, 2002 WASHINGTON - A federal appeals court last week cleared the way for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to require diesel trucks and buses to cut emissions by 90 percent by 2007, rejecting an attempt by engine makers and fuel refiners to gut the rule. The U.S. Court of Appeals handed environmentalists a major victory by rejecting arguments from giant diesel makers like Cummins Inc. and International Truck and Engine Corp. They complained the EPA acted arbitrarily and capriciously in its demand for engines to reduce emissions by over 90 percent by 2007. Cummins has not shown that the EPA acted arbitrarily or capriciously, the court wrote in its opinion, which dealt an across-the-board rejection to petitioners' complaints. The EPA rules, unveiled in the waning days of the Clinton administration and later affirmed by the Bush administration, will force firms to produce cleaner-burning diesel engines, and compel refiners to make the fuel for them. The new fuel will go into use in mid-2006, and auto makers are expected to begin rolling out new models next year to burn the new gasoline in 2004. The EPA and Justice Department applauded the decision. The court's opinion ratifies EPA's conclusions that dramatic reductions in the emission of pollutants are technologically feasible, said Tom Sansonetti, a Justice Department assistant attorney general. Green groups said the tough rule will help make the air cleaner for Americans who suffer from asthma and respiratory illnesses. These standards will dramatically clean up new trucks and buses that use diesel engines, said Frank O'Donnell at the Clean Air Trust. Hundreds of thousands of Americans will live longer and healthier lives as a result of these new truck and bus standards, said Emily Figdor at the U.S. Public Interest Research Group. The standard requires diesel engines to cut particulates and nitrogen oxides by over 90 percent. The EPA has estimated the rule could prevent 8,300 premature deaths annually, thousands of cases of bronchitis and other respiratory ailments, and cost about $4 billion a year to implement. The Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, a group of 13 firms including Ford Motor Co, General Motors and DaimlerChrysler, said the ruling could open the door for them to sell cleaner, diesel-powered light-duty cars. The availability of clean diesel fuel is a critical step toward clean diesel technology, said Julie Becker, a lawyer for the group. The National Petroleum Refiners' Association, part of the lawsuit against the rules, said it objected to EPA's deadlines. This case has never been about whether the sulfur content of highway diesel fuel will be substantially reduced; it will be, said Bob Slaughter, president of the refiners group. This case was about whether sulfur reductions should occur in a reasonable timeframe. Slaughter said it was too early to say if the refiners group would appeal the new ruling. Still unsettled is a portion of the case dealing with remote sensing devices the EPA wants engine makers to install to measure emissions - the so-called not-to-exceed provision of EPA's rule. Story by Chris Baltimore REUTERS NEWS SERVICE Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Digest Number 936/isopropanol
The reason that we use isopropyl alcohol in the titration portion of the biodiesel prpcess is that isopropyl will not react substantially with the vegetable oil or the indicator, thus giving you a repeatable result.If you want to see what a titration yields with an alcohol that does react, use ethanol- you'll see the pH values move all over the place as the ethanol reacts with the vegetable oil (I think)). So, I think the answer is no. __ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Health - your guide to health and wellness http://health.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Heating value of RDF
On Mon, May 06, 2002 at 08:00:49PM -0700, di chua wrote: Hi all, Does anybody have information/references on the Heating Value of Sludge Derived Fuel (solid)? Or any other fuel that can be derived from sludge? Are you talking about biosolids from sewage treatment? -- Harmon Seaver CyberShamanix http://www.cybershamanix.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Religion ( was More free energy )
The basic problem is religion itself. Religions are sets of rules made by man and have very little to do with a personal relationship with the almighty God. Islam and Christianity are both children of Judaism, only with different messiahs (Mohammed or Yeshua). I'm sorry I don't have time to go into a detailed dissertation about the Creator and religions. There is too much misinformation and bias to overcome. I'll get off my soap box now. Joe Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] California Senate oks emissions bill targeting SUVs
http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/15809/story.htm Planet Ark : California Senate oks emissions bill targeting SUVs USA: May 6, 2002 SACRAMENTO - California's state Senate approved a controversial bill to limit greenhouse gas emissions, a measure automakers say is aimed at choking off sales of sport utility vehicles through tighter fuel economy standards. Gov. Gray Davis has not taken a position on the bill, which is strongly opposed by the auto industry. Officials in his office said the Democratic governor was working with the bill's author, Democratic Assemblymember Fran Pavley, seeking to make it more palatable to all parties concerned. The proposal has been attacked by representatives of the automotive industry, who have called it a driving tax intended to drive a wedge between Californians and their beloved SUVs - a big source of greenhouse gas emissions. Some 47 percent of passenger vehicles sold in the nation's most-populous state are SUVs, minivans or light trucks, a percentage that has tripled over the last 30 years. The Senate passed the bill, AB1058, by a vote of 22-13. It now returns for a concurrence vote in the Assembly, which first passed the measure in January. The bill would require the state's Air Resources Board to adopt regulations that would achieve the maximum feasible reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), emitted by cars and light-duty trucks, the category that includes SUVs. The regulations, which should be completed by 2005, would not take effect until at least Jan. 1, 2006. An amended version of the bill would give automakers until 2009 to come up with technological changes or modifications to comply with the new standards. Because California's Air Resources Board was established before the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was formed under the Clean Air Act of 1970, California is unique in its ability to impose air quality standards independent of federal regulation. The federal government last month rejected a proposed 50-percent boost in fuel-efficiency for gas-guzzling cars and SUVs. Existing federal Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards require passenger cars to average 27.5 miles per gallon, while SUVs, along with mini-vans and other vehicles in the light truck category, need only achieve 20.7 mpg. REUTERS NEWS SERVICE Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] FTC says it is turning ADM ethanol price probe over to DOJ
http://enn.com/news/wire-stories/2002/05/05072002/reu_47136.asp - 5/7/2002 - ENN.com FTC says it is turning ADM ethanol price probe over to DOJ Tuesday, May 07, 2002 By Soo Youn, Reuters NEW YORK - U.S. trade regulators said on Monday they will send a price-fixing investigation of Archer Daniels Midland and other producers of the gasoline additive ethanol to the Department of Justice, in a sign the case could turn into a criminal probe. After reviewing these materials, staff of the FTC's Bureau of Competition has transmitted them to the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice, the Federal Trade Commission's General Counsel William Kovacic wrote in a letter to Doug Ose, the head of the House Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Natural Resources and Regulatory Affairs. Late last month, Ose, a California Republican, introduced internal memoranda by ADM and other ethanol producers indicating collusion to set prices for alcohol originating from surplus European wine to finish into the gasoline additive. During the April 23 hearing, Ose asked the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to investigate the allegations. After an initial review, the FTC turned the probe over to the Department of Justice, which is authorized to investigate criminal matters. Ose, an opponent of an ethanol mandate passed as part of the broader Senate energy bill, said the transferring of the investigation implied illegal activity. The fact that the FTC referred these documents to the Department of Justice raises a new set of concerns regarding criminal violations by the ethanol industry, Ose said. Although the FTC and the Justice Department can both investigate antitrust violations, the Justice Department is primarily responsible for investigating criminal violations, he added. ADM, which produces 41 percent of ethanol in the United States, has long touted the benefits of ethanol as a boon to U.S. farmers and U.S. energy security because most of the product is made from American corn. However, the documents under review suggest that the company has been rigging bids to buy European wine alcohol before processing it into ethanol in the Caribbean. In doing so, the company appears to have benefited from advantage of subsidies both in Europe and the United States, Ose said. There still is not any allegation of impropriety regarding the sale of ethanol, said Larry Cunningham, the company's senior vice president of corporate affairs. It has to do with purchases of wine alcohol in the European Union 8 or 10 years ago. We are doing fact-finding at ADM to determine what the facts are, Cunningham added. In 1996 ADM pleaded guilty to fixing prices of two other products and paid a $100 million fine, and three of its executives were convicted of criminal charges and sent to prison. Copyright 2002, Reuters Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] US appeals court upholds EPA cut in diesel emissions
http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/15804/story.htm Planet Ark : US appeals court upholds EPA cut in diesel emissions USA: May 6, 2002 WASHINGTON - A federal appeals court last week cleared the way for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to require diesel trucks and buses to cut emissions by 90 percent by 2007, rejecting an attempt by engine makers and fuel refiners to gut the rule. The U.S. Court of Appeals handed environmentalists a major victory by rejecting arguments from giant diesel makers like Cummins Inc. and International Truck and Engine Corp. They complained the EPA acted arbitrarily and capriciously in its demand for engines to reduce emissions by over 90 percent by 2007. Cummins has not shown that the EPA acted arbitrarily or capriciously, the court wrote in its opinion, which dealt an across-the-board rejection to petitioners' complaints. The EPA rules, unveiled in the waning days of the Clinton administration and later affirmed by the Bush administration, will force firms to produce cleaner-burning diesel engines, and compel refiners to make the fuel for them. The new fuel will go into use in mid-2006, and auto makers are expected to begin rolling out new models next year to burn the new gasoline in 2004. The EPA and Justice Department applauded the decision. The court's opinion ratifies EPA's conclusions that dramatic reductions in the emission of pollutants are technologically feasible, said Tom Sansonetti, a Justice Department assistant attorney general. Green groups said the tough rule will help make the air cleaner for Americans who suffer from asthma and respiratory illnesses. These standards will dramatically clean up new trucks and buses that use diesel engines, said Frank O'Donnell at the Clean Air Trust. Hundreds of thousands of Americans will live longer and healthier lives as a result of these new truck and bus standards, said Emily Figdor at the U.S. Public Interest Research Group. The standard requires diesel engines to cut particulates and nitrogen oxides by over 90 percent. The EPA has estimated the rule could prevent 8,300 premature deaths annually, thousands of cases of bronchitis and other respiratory ailments, and cost about $4 billion a year to implement. The Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, a group of 13 firms including Ford Motor Co, General Motors and DaimlerChrysler, said the ruling could open the door for them to sell cleaner, diesel-powered light-duty cars. The availability of clean diesel fuel is a critical step toward clean diesel technology, said Julie Becker, a lawyer for the group. The National Petroleum Refiners' Association, part of the lawsuit against the rules, said it objected to EPA's deadlines. This case has never been about whether the sulfur content of highway diesel fuel will be substantially reduced; it will be, said Bob Slaughter, president of the refiners group. This case was about whether sulfur reductions should occur in a reasonable timeframe. Slaughter said it was too early to say if the refiners group would appeal the new ruling. Still unsettled is a portion of the case dealing with remote sensing devices the EPA wants engine makers to install to measure emissions - the so-called not-to-exceed provision of EPA's rule. Story by Chris Baltimore REUTERS NEWS SERVICE Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: Religion - was [biofuel] More free energy (maybe)
I was pleased to hear of inter faith based stewardship of the environment. This example is more US bible based but there are others on the web if you care to share -- consensus willing GLOBAL WARMING: A RELIGIOUS ISSUE Questions and Answers about Science, Public Policy, and Faith http://www.webofcreation.org/ncc/climatechange/faith.html - What is global warming and how does it relate to climate? Climate and warming - What do scientists know about global warming, its causes and effects? - What do scientists project about future warming and its effects? - Why is global warming a religious issue? Psalm 24 tells us and - What has happened about global warming in international diplomacy? UN Framework Convention on Climate Change 1992-3, Kyoto, USA, European Union (EU), President Bush. - Can the Kyoto Protocol work if the developing countries don't participate? - What is happening in national policy and politics? President Bush and US Congress. The Global Climate Coalition, a lobby for certain coal, oil, and auto interests. - What are the alternatives to our present energy system? - Will complying with the Kyoto Protocol cost jobs and hurt the economy? National Academy of Sciences, Eight Nobel economists and 2,400 of their colleagues concluded... - Also see these websites - What can you do? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] California Senate oks emissions bill targeting SUVs
I can't help but wonder at what would happen if all automakers chose to boycott CA for 2 weeks to a month? I'm thinking that bill would not go very far. Greg H. - Original Message - From: Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Cc: biofuels-biz@yahoogroups.com Sent: Tuesday, May 07, 2002 06:12 Subject: [biofuel] California Senate oks emissions bill targeting SUVs http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/15809/story.htm Planet Ark : California Senate oks emissions bill targeting SUVs USA: May 6, 2002 SACRAMENTO - California's state Senate approved a controversial bill to limit greenhouse gas emissions, a measure automakers say is aimed at choking off sales of sport utility vehicles through tighter fuel economy standards. Gov. Gray Davis has not taken a position on the bill, which is strongly opposed by the auto industry. Officials in his office said the Democratic governor was working with the bill's author, Democratic Assemblymember Fran Pavley, seeking to make it more palatable to all parties concerned. The proposal has been attacked by representatives of the automotive industry, who have called it a driving tax intended to drive a wedge between Californians and their beloved SUVs - a big source of greenhouse gas emissions. Some 47 percent of passenger vehicles sold in the nation's most-populous state are SUVs, minivans or light trucks, a percentage that has tripled over the last 30 years. The Senate passed the bill, AB1058, by a vote of 22-13. It now returns for a concurrence vote in the Assembly, which first passed the measure in January. The bill would require the state's Air Resources Board to adopt regulations that would achieve the maximum feasible reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), emitted by cars and light-duty trucks, the category that includes SUVs. The regulations, which should be completed by 2005, would not take effect until at least Jan. 1, 2006. An amended version of the bill would give automakers until 2009 to come up with technological changes or modifications to comply with the new standards. Because California's Air Resources Board was established before the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was formed under the Clean Air Act of 1970, California is unique in its ability to impose air quality standards independent of federal regulation. The federal government last month rejected a proposed 50-percent boost in fuel-efficiency for gas-guzzling cars and SUVs. Existing federal Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards require passenger cars to average 27.5 miles per gallon, while SUVs, along with mini-vans and other vehicles in the light truck category, need only achieve 20.7 mpg. REUTERS NEWS SERVICE Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] SVO vs emissionsdiesel engine
Hi, I was helping to analyse an inedible oil grown in India, localy known as Karanj, Honge oil. In India the scietists are using this oil directly to run diesel engines. They heat this oil upto 175 degree F, to reduce the viscosity to 15 centipoise. I was told that using unesterified oils causes long term engine damage, including varnishing of the cylinder walls, coking, pitting of the fuel injectors, creation of deposits in the engine cylinder, the formation of gums, and other problems. Now my question is how people are using SVO's if there are so many problems ? Are there any feasible work arounds for these problems ? Another important question - does the exhaust from engines using SVO are worse than a esterified oils ?? About the Karanj/Honge oil, it looks very promising as this comes from a tree and can grow in a moderate soil.. Best Regards, Suresh. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] SVO vs emissionsdiesel engine
Hi Suresh Lots about SVO here, should answer most of your questions: http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_svo.html Straight vegetable oil as diesel fuel This is a good study on using SVO: http://www.nf-2000.org/secure/Fair/F484.htm Here's more about Honge oil http://www.goodnewsindia.com/Pages/content/discovery/honge.html Pongamia Pinnata http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Pongamia_pinnata.html Pongamia pinnata Best wishes Keith Hi, I was helping to analyse an inedible oil grown in India, localy known as Karanj, Honge oil. In India the scietists are using this oil directly to run diesel engines. They heat this oil upto 175 degree F, to reduce the viscosity to 15 centipoise. I was told that using unesterified oils causes long term engine damage, including varnishing of the cylinder walls, coking, pitting of the fuel injectors, creation of deposits in the engine cylinder, the formation of gums, and other problems. Now my question is how people are using SVO's if there are so many problems ? Are there any feasible work arounds for these problems ? Another important question - does the exhaust from engines using SVO are worse than a esterified oils ?? About the Karanj/Honge oil, it looks very promising as this comes from a tree and can grow in a moderate soil.. Best Regards, Suresh. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] ethanol and carburetors
I've got a carbureted 86 Ford E-150 v6 and I'm looking into what I could do to help its emissions (this is in California) Would a significant proportion of ethanol as an oxygenate present a problem for the carburetor, since the air/fuel mixture would have to change? That would clean up the emissions, right? John Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Price of Ethanol
For several years now I have been saying on HIPC, and now here, that I think a major failure of ethanol proponents, including the RFA (who have done a decent job on some things), has been a failure to make ethanol pricing available to the general public, to make it *freely* available, as are the prices of major commodities, such as oil. How can ethanol proponents pretend they are ready to compete in some way as a transportation fuel if they are so friggin small-time they can't be bothered to get their product out there and have it traded in a transparent way. I now realize that part of the resistance to this idea has probably been that those with a vested interest in not seeing the pricing made transparent (ADM, et. al.) brought influence to bear. In other words, I was right (hypothetically) and there was no particular good reason that the price of ethanol should not be made more widely available. While these are hypotheses at a distance (I have no way of researching these matters, as I have nothing to do with the industry), I haven't met with any particularly helpful reaction, in agreement or disagreement. A webmaster could get a few hits by posting daily pricing or every-fifteen-minute pricing. MM Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Important notes
I was chatting today with a chemical engineer who happened to write his final thesis (the paper you write in order to graduate) on the methyl esters and transesterifications. As a chemical engineer, he studied che kinetics of the reaction and the reaction speeds, and he designed a production facility for a continuous process. He made all sorts of tests using IR spectrography at different points of the reaction, and made a very thorough work from the chemical point of view. He did not want to show me his thesis (maybe he was afraid of me copying methods still not patented), but he did give me some hints and opinions, which I try to summarize here, and which you might want to have a look at: (This guy used soy oil) .- Strange enough, he pointed out that some thorough investigations were not 100% right, but he didn«t say where they were wrong: he just added do the experimentation yourself, and you«ll see .- He said that 50¼C for the reaction was waaay too much. He said he carried out his continuous process at room temperature. Besides this, he pointed out that the glycerin was very easily decomposed into acrolein and things like that, which make it dark brown. I was so curious that just now, when I got home, I made a 100ml batch at room temp (now around 18¼C), and mixed for only 15 minutes. This guy said that they had achieved a 98% conversion after this time period. Now I«ve let it settle, and I can see after about an hour settling that the glycerin DOES show up much clearer (pure glyc is transparent). He also said that in his continuous process he had designed a three stage evaporator to remove the water from it, after distilling it to get out the MeOH (I suppose he«d do this under vacuum, so as not to heat the glyc and turn it into the mentioned brown acrolein). I found this point most interesting. .- He mentioned they used sulphuric acid (say, 4ml per liter of WVO) to cut the reaction and stop the NaOH (this forms sodium sulphate, Na2SO4, which is washed with the water). I said I added some drops of vinegar in the washing stage and he almost whent crazy: he said tha any ammount of vinegar capable of modifying pH would produce great problems with the injectors. He said motors are very sensitive to those acid conditions. .- He also pointed out that I should remove the sulphates (which came from the sulphuric acid / lye reaction) from the glycerin, and added that the glycerin was full of impurities: sulphates, MeOH, water... .- He also added that boiling off the MeOH was not a very eco-friendly thing to do, and that you«d never be able to boil off 100% of it (eve with a distillation column) .- He said a continuous centrifugue was not har to get, but reaction velocities had to be carefully measured when designing a continuous process. He fancied this method and said that settling the BD was not a good option, specially after vigorous mixing, which always (according to him) brought emulsification problems of some kind. .- Regarding the fact I am an environmental engineer, he pointed out the washing stages use a damn great ammount of water (I can«t recall having heard of an alternative to this from him). Also, than no reaction is 100% efficient and that if I was to measure exhaust gases, then I *should* be checking for unburnt traces of methanol, which could produce nasty emissions. Everything he said sounded most interesting, but presented me with a whole new set of questions to be answered. I«m very eager to hear the opinion of those with experience in BD making, specially those who use it regularly in their cars. Best to you all, Christian [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] lab supplies
https://www.consolidatedplastics.com/acbnew/webpage.cfm?DID=14 Interesting industrial laboratory supply house. If you are into industrial stuff, order the catalog. I got mine today and it's better than the website. (I have no affiliation with this company) Jesse Parris | studio53 | graphics / web design | stamford, ct | 203.324.4371 www.jesseparris.com/Portfolio_Jesse_Parris/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] glycerin (Long but interesting)
Pasted from: http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/eclectic/kings/glycerinum.html Glycerinum (U. S. P.)-Glycerin. Preparations: Glycerita.-Glycerites - Suppositories of Glycerin - Glycerin Lotion - Preparations Related entry: Sapo (U. S. P.)-Soap Other tomes: Cook - Felter - Ellingwood - Petersen - BPC - AJP Mar 1871 (Glycerin quality) - AJP Dec 1871 FORMULA: C3H5(OH)3. MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 91.79. A liquid obtained by the decomposition of vegetable or animal fats or fixed oils, and containing not less than 5 per cent of absolute glycerin (C3H5[OH]3= 91.79)-(U. S. P.). SYNONYMS: Glycerina (U. S. P., 1870), Glycerine, Glycerol, Propenyl alcohol. History and Preparation.-Glycerin was discovered, in 1779, by Scheele in the saponification products of olive oil by means of litharge, and later recognized by him as a common constituent of other oils and fats, and therefore named the sweet principle of fats. Chevreul gave it the name glycerin, and cleared up the nature of its combination in the fats. Glycerin, or glycerol, as it is now preferably called to indicate its alcohol character, is a trihydric alcohol (C3H5[OH]3), containing the trivalent radical glyceryl (C3H5). It exists in oils and fats, combined with palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids in the form of glycerylesters of these acids (tripalmitin, tristearin, triolein; also see under Adeps). In some oils and fats it is combined partially with other acids-e. g., in butter-wherein 5 per cent of the total fat is glyceryl-tributyrate, or tributyrin; in cod-liver oil it is said to exist in part combined with acetic acid, as glyceryl triacetate, or triacetin, etc. Glycerin also exists in the yolk of eggs and the human brain in the form of phospho-glyceric acid. Pasteur's researches have also established its occurrence as a regular constituent among the products of fermentation (see Alcohol). On a small scale glycerin may be obtained in the process which led to its discovery, viz., that of making lead plaster (see Emplastrum Plumbi). The late Mr. Robert Shoemaker prepared by this method probably the first Commercial glycerin in the United States, in 1848, at $4.00 a pound (Amer. Jour. Pharm., 1879, p. 289). The article became official in the U. S. P., in 1850. Large quantities of glycerin are now obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of soaps and candles. This was formerly thrown away as useless. The principle involved is simply that of splitting the fat into its constituents (fatty acid and glycerin) by adding the elements of water (see Emplastrum Plumbi). The process of saponification is being carried out in several different ways: (1) With alkalies; the fatty acids thereby combine with alkali and form soap (see Sapo); the glycerin in diluted form is contained in the aqueous layer below the soap. (2) With milk of lime (old process of Campbell Morfit, see this Dispensatory, previous revision), or with milk of lime and water in closed vessels under a pressure of 10 atmospheres and a temperature of 172¡ C. (242.6¡ F.) (Milly's Autoclave Process, see Prof. S. P. Sadtler, Handbook of Indust. Org. Chem., 1895, p. 56). The glycerin water separates from the layer of lime soap and fatty acids; glycerin is obtained therefrom best by evaporation in vacuo. (3) With superheated steam (aqueous saponification) and subsequent redistillation of the raw glycerin. This method was introduced, in 1855, by Messrs. Wilson and Paine, and marked a great step forward in the problem of obtaining a pure article. In saponifying the fats with superheated steam, the temperature must not exceed 300¡ C. (572¡ F.), or else decomposition products will be formed. Both the fatty acid and the glycerin distill over. In redistilling the raw glycerin by superheated steam, the liquid is heated to about 180¡ C. (356¡ F.), and the steam has a temperature of about 110¡ C. (230¡ F.). For details regarding the manufacture of glycerin, consult the various works on chemical technology. Description.-Glycerin is officially described as follows; A clear, colorless, liquid, of a thick, syrupy consistence, oily to the touch, odorless, very sweet and slightly warm to the taste. When exposed to the air, it slowly abstracts moisture. Specific gravity, not less than 1.260 at 15¡ C. (59¡ F.). Soluble, in all proportions, in water or alcohol, also soluble in a mixture of 3 parts of alcohol and 1 part of ether, but insoluble in ether, chloroform, carbon disulphide, benzin, benzol, and fixed or volatile oils. Glycerin is slowly volatilized from an aqueous solution, at or above 100¡ C. (212¡ F.), with the vapor of water. Heated by itself to a higher temperature, it yields acrid decomposition products, boils at a temperature at or above 165¡ C. (329¡ F.), and is finally entirely decomposed and dissipated-(U. S. P.). The exceedingly irritating decomposition products are chiefly due to the formation of acrolein (allyl aldehyde, C2H3.CHO), which is also formed when
[biofuel] OILS (Long but interesting)
Pasted From: http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/eclectic/kings/olea.html Olea.-Oils. Related entries: Olea Infusa (N. F.)-Infused Oils - Index of Oils - Sapo (U. S. P.)-Soap Other tomes: Cook (volatile oils) - Cook (fixed oils) - Potter (volatile oils) - Potter (fixed oils) The term Oil applies to a number of unctuous bodies not miscible with water, from both the vegetable and animal kingdoms, which are fluid at ordinary or slightly elevated temperature. When placed upon paper they render it translucent, or impart to it a greasy stain. Oils may be conveniently divided, with reference to their volatility, into two great classes: Fixed or fatty oils and fats, to which also belong the waxes (see Cera), and volatile or essential oils. Intermediate between the two, although chemically unlike either, stand the mineral oils and mineral waxes, or paraffins (see Petrolatum). Olea Fixa.-FIXED or FATTY OILS (Olea pinguia). Fixed oils derive their name from not being volatilized by the vapors of boiling water. The difference between fatty oils and fats is merely one of consistency, the former being liquid, the latter solid or semisolid at ordinary temperatures. In the vegetable kingdom, fixed oils are mostly derived from the seeds of dicotyledonous plants, although monocotyledonous plants, such as the palm trees, furnish several of the technically important fixed oils. The oil often constitutes a large proportion of the seeds, e. g., not less than 25 per cent in linseed, 50 per cent in walnuts, about as much in almonds, as against about 2 per cent in cereals. It is obtained from the crushed oil-bearing material, either by cold or warm pressure, in hydraulic presses, or by extracting with such solvents as carbon disulphide, or by boiling the crushed material with water, whereby the oil floats on top and may be conveniently collected. The residual press-cakes, obtained in the first process (oil cakes), are valuable feed material for cattle, since they contain much nitrogenous and fatty matter (see table in Prof. S. P. Sadtler's Handbook of Indust. Org. Chem., 2d ed., 1895, p. 70). The oils and fats derived from the animal kingdom, are obtained from various organs of the animal; thus, bone-oil from bones, by boiling with water, or extraction with solvents; neat's-foot oil from the feet of oxen by boiling with water; cod-liver oil and shark oil, from the respective livers, by spontaneous exudation and gentle expression; tallow and lard from the internal abdominal fat of sheep and hogs (see Sevum and Adeps), etc. The crude oils and fats as obtained in the manner alluded to, are mostly of a yellow, brown or even black color, and frequently require more or less purification. This is often effected by mechanical treatment, such as filtration with or without charcoal, etc., but more frequently, by chemical processes, especially treatment with 1 or 2 per cent of strong sulphuric acid (applicable, for example, to linseed oil), or with zinc chloride, or alkalies, tanning materials and oxidizers, such as potassium bichromate, hydrogen peroxide, etc. The fatty oils of marine animals, and those from most vegetable sources, are fluid at ordinary temperature; palm oil, cacao-butter, nutmeg butter, cocoanut oil, and others, are semisolid like butter. When exposed to cold, fixed oils solidify at temperatures varying with the oil. Fatty oils are insoluble in water, rendering that fluid milky when agitated with it, but the oil finally rises upon the surface; if a mucilaginous substance, or alkaline carbonate be added, the oil is prevented from rising., and a permanent milky mixture called an emulsion is formed. With the exception of castor oil and croton oil, fatty oils are nearly insoluble in cold alcohol. They dissolve readily, however, in ether, carbon disulphide, chloroform, benzol, petroleum benzin, amyl alcohol, acetone, and oil of turpentine, and freely mix with one another, as well as with resins and volatile oils. They are all lighter than water, their specific gravities ranging from 0.879 to 0.968. Fatty oils are not volatile as such, but can be heated to boiling (at about 315¡ C., or 600¡ F.) whereby decomposition takes place, acrid fumes of acrolein (see Glycerin) being evolved, together with carbonic acid gas, some volatile organic acids and inflammable hydrocarbons. Upon condensing the vapors, an empyreumatic oil is obtained. When in the state of vapor, fixed oils take fire upon the approach of an ignited body; the products of combustion are water and carbonic acid gas. As to their chemical nature, most fatty oils are mixtures of salts of the trivalent alcohol glycerin (C3H5[OH]3), with the saturated palmitic (C16H32O2) and stearic acids (C18H36O2), both higher homologues of acetic acid, of the general formula CnH2nO2, and the unsaturated oleic acid (C18H34O2), which represents the series CnH2n-2O2. The salts are called glycerin esters, or glycerides, and are
[biofuel] Acrolein 2
Regarding the message I just sent: At: http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0624.htm (A Chemical safety data sheet) it sais the glycerin decomposes below it«s boiling point at 171¼C. (For pure glyc). Christian [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Acrolein («twas illegible)
I«m a bit concerned with the glycerin/acrolein topic (glycerin thermally decomposes into this dangerous substance). I found little on this topic (Keith and Todd) in the archives. From a not-so-thorough search in google, acrolein forms when heating Glycerol to 290¼C, but that happens when the glycerin is pure. The water/glyc mixture boils at a lower temp, near 164 ¼C. A chemical engineer told me today that the dark brown colour in the glyc could have to do with the formation of acrolein (even at 60¼C). I want to run an IR spectrography on my glyc to see if that«s so. Besides, I thought acrolein was a gas. But still, it«s a carcinogenic substance you don«t want to mess with. Does anyone know more about the subject? I am also concerned with the fact some of you are using it as a detergent/grease remover. I«d suppose it will contain at least traces of methanol, methoxide, maybe even acrolein, neither of which you want on your hands. Please let me know what you think. Best to you all, Christian [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4 and no minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/orkH0C/n97DAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
