I'm probably confused, but it seems to me that the case I hit does not meet any of Yonik's criteria.
I have no replicas. I'm running SolrCloud in the simple mode where each doc ends up in exactly one place. I think that it's just a bug that the code refuses to do the local deletion when there's no version info. However, if I am confused, it sure seems like a candidate for the 'at least throw instead of failing silently' policy.