Hi Ken,

That's correct. No two clocks ever agree. If they look like they do, you are 
not looking close enough or not waiting long enough.

That's also why UTC is based on the combined stability of hundreds of clocks. 
The weighted average of many cesium clocks is known to be better than any one 
cesium clock. So a big part of the UTC infrastructure is the inter-comparison 
of clocks all around the world. Another part is then slowly adjusting local 
standards to follow the more accurate global mean.

You'll notice too, that many postings to this list are not just about clocks, 
but also precise time measurement, and about disciplining. Whether UTC at a 
national lab or a GPSDO at home, there is clock, measurement, and gradual 
adjustment.

/tvb
  ----- Original Message ----- 
  From: ken hartman 
  To: Tom Van Baak ; Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement 
  Sent: Monday, November 03, 2014 2:52 PM
  Subject: Re: [time-nuts] NPR Story I heard this morning


  Not to put too fine a point on it, but my practical understanding is that any 
two or more clocks generally do *not* agree (that is - yield identical 
phase/frequency information) ever, anyway. So atomic horology - and beyond - 
means that we continue to ?adjust? ?compensate? clocks of whatever stability 
and accuracy to the current, agreed upon "ideal" - even as the ideal may move 
or evolve.



  On Mon, Nov 3, 2014 at 4:27 PM, Tom Van Baak <t...@leapsecond.com> wrote:

    > I don't see anything in the BIPM definition of the second regarding sea 
level.

    Hi Mike,

    The usual wording for the definition of the SI second also includes the 
word "unperturbed". That little word covers a host of physics and engineering 
effects and can keep graduate students busy for years. You either have to 
eliminate them from your clock or your lab, or extra carefully measure then and 
back-out their effects on your clock's operating frequency.

    For a really good example of the sort of corrections that are made inside a 
cesium clock see: http://tf.nist.gov/general/pdf/1497.pdf

    By the time you read to page 30, you'll see table 3 and 4 which summarize 
the perturbing corrections.

    /tvb
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