It seems ALSA does not expose the Xmod with only two channels/stereo ?
At least, I am unable to play a stereo WAV using aplay with the "front"
PCM device of the Xmod ("Channels count not available" ..). I'm guessing
that's why Pulseaudio does not make stereo output available for this
card.

To work around that problem, I added the following to 
/usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/profile-sets/default.conf:
; Special stereo-out for Creative Xmod card
[Mapping xmod-stereo-out]
device-strings = surround51:%f
description = Analog Stereo Creative Xmod
channel-map = front-left,front-right
paths-output = analog-output
direction = output
priority = 10

That is, I selected the ALSA "surround51"-PCM, BUT I only set front-left
and front-right in the channel mapping. Restarting Pulseaudio and
selecting this profile for the Xmod makes volume control work properly
for stereo output. Left/right balance and volume adjustment of the PCM-
control behaves OK, and it sounds normal. Observing alsamixer when
adjusting the volume through Pulseaudio shows me that it's doing the
right thing (i.e. adjusts volume like ALSA does natively for the Xmod).

If it turns out the Creative Xmod actually needs special handling, or
this is a problem for generic USB audio card class, I don't know. But
instead of modifying default.conf directly, it would probably better to
add a udev-rule with a custom Pulseaudio mixer profile configured
through PULSE_PROFILE_SET, e.g. a udev-rule with ..
ENV{PULSE_PROFILE_SET}="xmod.conf" or similar.

-- 
USB creative xmod XFI Output does not work
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/429642
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