Hello, A text message takes about twice the size when it is kept in the broker memory. A warning for that is present in the documentation, see https://activemq.apache.org/components/artemis/documentation/latest/large-messages.html#configuring-the-core-client
But I could not find the exact reason for this. E.g. I found no explicit utf-16 / ucs-2 encoding logic. I'm assuming that this is because java Strings are used, which use ucs-2 internally. Is that correct? If not, what does cause the use of 2 bytes per character in Artemis? If it is the internal string size, will java9+ then lower the memory use of Artemis, as it can detect Latin1/ISO-8859-1 and use byte-encoded strings when possible? Is there any chance that this ratio becomes somehow configurable in the future? (obviously, sending everything as a bytes-message does that automatically, by then I'm unleashing the character conversion problems into the clients) Thx, Erwin