An extraordinary paper was presented at ICCF-10 entitled "Comment On Carbon Production In Deuterium-Metal Systems" by DAN CHICEA, Visiting Research Associate Professor at Portland State.
http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChiceaDcommentonc.pdf The experiment reveals that when titanium, palladium or a combination of them was loaded with deuterium, a considerable amount of carbon was found on the surface of the cathode after many days - merely as a result of high loading. These results suggest that there is a strong correlation between merely achieving a high loading ratio and the appearance of new elements, particularly carbon, on the cathode. How could this be? The author suggests that the appearance of carbon on palladium after being loaded with deuterium might be the result of the multi-body fusion of D, caused by a strong confinement inside the palladium or titanium lattice and in the presence of an increased "free" electron concentration. Of course he doesn't go into much detail about how SIX deuterium nuclei can all fit into a single cavity and fuse simultaneously. Despite the excellent experiment, he is almost certainly incorrect as to the explanation. I will suggest another possibility, involving a hypothetical chemical isomer of Helium which is being called Helectronium (**He) and which can be described as an alpha which is doubly enriched in the heavy electron electronium (*e-). The alpha particle which normally results from the cold fusion of 2 deuterium nuclei, in this hypothetical scenario, will have no kinetic vector and will thermalize where it is formed with the capture of two "heavy electrons" which we have been calling electronium (*e-), with the result being a highly compact helium atom/molecule which can act much like a neutron in certain situations, particularly when formed in triplicate. When D+D combines and fuses within a very confined matrix, instead of releasing a high energy gamma of 24 MeV, which it does in a plasma, the fusion reaction will result in *pair production* which is not at all atypical for high energy reactions, with most of the excess energy release going into the creation of up to two dozen electron-positron pairs, temporarily taking the form of short-lived positronium, which is the preferred transient form for electron-positron pair production. Some of these pairs, in the tight confines of the metal matrix will combine with valence electrons to form a stable electron-positron-electron disk "Triad". This is a most basic creation modality in string theory - the combination of triplet wave particles into stable mass. Everything in the observable universe was formed this way, and there is no reason to think that the modality cannot be ongoing. After this picosecond *implosion* type creation event, the rest of the excess energy, now downshifted considerably will outgas, forming the typical CF crater, which is seen in the SEMS images. The positron, for that brief instant of existence, will of course be rotating counter to two electrons, and the resultant entity will possess a net charge of (e-) just like a single electron, and a net spin of 1/2, but a mass of over twice, up to ~250 % of the mass of a single electron (figuring that the binding energy mass defect is given off as lower energy gammas). The excess mass which is normally found in all neutrons may be an indication that the (*e-) normally has a mass of about 1.28 MeV. IOW it is a heavy electron which has escaped detection previously because it is both rare and will seldom become a valence or conduction electron, so it cannot be "emitted" from a cathode. When an alpha picks up two of these to become (**He) , its resultant radius shrinks considerably and its effective charge is near zero but it will have a negative near-field. Now, it is suspected that the Helectronium itself, if three of them are formed simultaneously, may repeat this very same triplicate creation process, in situ. The result would be the extraordinarily high levels of Carbon, discovered by Chicea in this simple experiment. In effect, the three (**He) bosons will have formed in a two step process, a condensate which immediately takes on the wave function characteristics of carbon. In 1938, Kapitsa, Allen and Misener discovered that helium-4 became a new kind of matter, now known as a superfluid, at temperatures below 2.2 degrees Kelvin (K). Superfluid helium has many unusual properties, including the ability to flow upwards without dissipating energy (i.e. zero viscosity) and most importantly, the existence of quantized vortices . This low temperature is not seen in CF, that is true of course, but the extremely high effective pressure within a CF matrix, can give similar analogous results to low temperature. Both high pressure and cold temperatures have similar confinement and entropy reducing characteristics. At least that is the case which is being presented here for your consideration. In the case of the superfluid, it was quickly realized that the state was due to BEC-like condensation of the helium-4 atoms, which are bosons. In fact, many of the properties of superfluid helium also appear in the gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates created by Cornell and Wieman many years later. However, superfluid helium-4 is NOT referred to as a true BEC "Bose-Einstein condensate" because it is a liquid rather than a gas, which means that the interactions between the atoms are relatively strong. The original Bose-Einstein theory has to be heavily modified in order to describe it, and perhaps more modification is NOW needed. This is because the interaction when helectronium (**He) is substituted for helium as suggested in this situation of carbon creation, is now hypothesized to result in the appearance of a new solid, where one there was only deuterium - quite a feat of modern alchemy. There you have it... your Carbon Creation Counter-Commentary for the day. Jones
