As I understand it, there are two hydrino-like transitions that could occur, perhaps on a 12C atom. Suppose that the 12C is subject to catalytic hydrino formation wherein one of its electron enters a (1/p) state. Such an electron would enter an orbital around the nucleus that is smaller than the s orbital and would screen one of the protons from the remainder of the electrons. This would cause it chemical and spectral properties to appear as 12B instead of 12C. This would be a very unusual find because real 12B decays with a half-life of 20ms and should not be seen in the experiment. Finding a stable signature of 12B would be a likely indicator of formation of the hydrino state of 12C.
Now consider that a hydrino hydride ion, described by Mills as H-(1/p) could enter a hydrogen nucleus and bind so tightly as to become an innermost orbital below the s orbital. A similar thing would happen in that this tightly bound negative charge would screen a proton as far as the remainder of the 12C electrons are concerned - it would have a mass of 13, but would chemically and spectrally appear as 13B, not 13C. 13B has the same uniqueness in discovery as the 12B - because real 13B has a half-life of only 17ms and hence should not be found in the experiment. It would only be determined to be 13C accidentally if there were no spectra taken - I.E. in a high resolution mass spectrometer test only. This aspect is certainly not out of the question, as 13B would not be anticipated to be found because real 13B would quickly decay most of the time to 13C anyway. If they were to test for the x-ray spectra of B, perhaps the hydrino hydride of 12C could be detected. Note, however, that 13C is stable and is about 1% of natural C. It is not used for dating. Interestingly, the natural variation of 13C is nearly +/-1%. Could the hydrino hydride of 12C cause a measurement uncertainty in the isotopic ratio of 13C/12C? I estimate that hydrino states would be as stable in atoms with multiple electrons as they are with hydrogen having a single electron. The reason is that the additional electrons of, say a 12C, provide a possible means of evanescent coupling to the innermost (hydrino) electron and provides some opportunity to transfer energy without photon transfer and relieve the hydrino state. Bob On Mon, Sep 4, 2017 at 9:44 AM, JonesBeene <jone...@pacbell.net> wrote: > Here is a detail which came up earlier – the embedded proton concept works > best in the context of the Mills’ “hydrino hydride” where the proton and > two very tight electrons combine into a stable ion which replaces carbon’s > innermost orbital electron. The innermost orbital of carbon would need to > have a binding strength which is resonant with dense hydrogen in order to > do this so Rydberg values come into play. > > > > Holmlid, Mills, Miley, Mayer, Meulenberg and others who have written on > the subject of dense hydrogen have different thinking on the details. They > could all be partly correct with Mills being the most accurate for this > detail (but he does not mention 13C). > > > > The innermost carbon electron is bound at slightly less than 490 eV which > is exactly the 18th Rydberg multiple… yet it is not clear how significant > that detail is in the context of coal formation. > > > > ------------------------------------- > > > > In prior thread, the premise was suggested that there are two different > species (allotropes) of carbon which are being called carbon-13. One of the > two species is the normal isotope with 7 neutrons, but the second is > carbon-12 with a deeply embedded proton of UDH (the ultra-dense hydrogen) > of Holmlid. > > > > This result has happened with some types of carbon during the 100 million > year formation process of decay from ancient vegetation under pressure in > coal beds, especially anthracite and mineral graphite. This type of coal is > often used to manufacture the kinds of graphite where physical anomalies > have been witnessed. > > > > Here is another piece of evidence which points to a thermal anomaly with > carbon which could be explained with this hypothesis. (Thanks to Can for > the link) > > The Replication of an Experiment Which Produced Anomalous Excess Energy.pdf > <https://www.lenr-forum.com/attachment/2910-the-replication-of-an-experiment-which-produced-anomalous-excess-energy-pdf/> > > More on those details later… > > > > > > -------------------------------- > > >
