Oops - forwarding copy to vortex with additional timeline info and this link <http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0507193v2> http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0507193v2 to "On the hydrino state of the relativistic hydrogen atom" by Naudts. I also included Dombreys assertion that the hydrino require a non relativistic counterpart to reamin physical which I consider a non sequitor - it assumes a local counterpart for each hydrino as necessary while the assumption should have been a global environment provided by Casimir geometry. These claims are always associated with a catalytic environment and regardless of your pet theory the exotic states of hydrogen should be balanced by the environment - this is the same old ruse by skeptics that say show me the hydrino - if it is relativistic you can only view the differences by examining dilation between samples after they are returned to the same frame like the twin paradox.A hydrino is always going to be simple hydrogen when viewed in the same frame as the observer.
Additional info ..time line from wiki * May 20, 2005: Andreas Rathke of the European Space Agency publishes a critical analysis in the New Journal of Physics. He concluded: "We found that CQM is inconsistent and has several serious deficiencies. Amongst these are the failure to reproduce the energy levels of the excited states of the hydrogen atom, and the absence of Lorentz invariance. Most importantly, we found that CQM does not predict the existence of hydrino states!" - Rathke August 5, 2005: Jan Naudts of the University of Antwerp argues that Rathke did not take into account complexities introduced by relativistic quantum mechanics, and that without doing so Rathke was not justified in rejecting the possibility of a hydrino state 2006: inspired by Naudts' response, Norman Dombey concluded that Mill's theory of hydrino states is "unphysical". According to Dombey, the hydrino states would require: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blacklight_Power#cite_note-dombey-18> [19] 1. non-relativistic counterparts to remain physical, but they don't have them. 2. compatibility with a coupling strength (fine structure constant) equal to zero to remain physical, yet "hydrino states" seem to exist in the absence of any coupling strength. 3. binding strength that falls with the coupling strength. The hydrino model predicts that binding strength for hydrino states increases as the coupling strength falls, rendering the states unphysical. From: francis [mailto:froarty...@comcast.net] Sent: Saturday, December 04, 2010 5:26 PM To: 'orionwo...@charter.net' Subject: RE: [Vo]:BLP on next big future Steven , The wikipedia definition attached at bottom is more appropriate based on vacuum energy instead of looking at it from the effect on gas law I used in my reply to goat guy. Yes I am positing that this random force is being organized back into a coherent and useable force via the bond state of atoms, In the final paragraph of the definition below the author states [snip] ", in Stochastic Electrodynamics, the energy density is taken to be a classical random noise wave field which consists of real electromagnetic waves propagating isotropically in all directions. The energy in such a wave field would seem to be accessible e.g. with nothing more complicated than a directional coupler. The most obvious difficulty appears to be the spectral distribution of the energy, which compatibility with Lorentz invariance requires to take the form Kf3, where K is a constant and f denotes frequency. It follows that the energy and momentum flux in this wave field only becomes significant at extremely short wavelengths where directional coupler technology is currently lacking." [/snip] My posit side steps the difficulty of a directional coupler. I am conjecturing that a covalent or other compound bond between atomic gas opposes change to a different Casimir geometry while a monatomic gas atom does not - it simply reshapes (Mills view) or "appears" to reshape from our perspective (Naudts paper) the size or relative acceleration of the atom depending on who's theory you prefer. I prefer Naudts but this represents a controversial perspective - Relativistic hydrogen in space is just hydrogen atoms being accelerated to significant fractions of light speed. This is easy to grasp and time dilation works the same as the Twin Paradox but doesn't present any opportunity at astrophysical scales for energy gain because the energy source such as a stars corona that accelerated these atoms to near luminal velocity is now far displaced and relativistic/chemical interactions between different inertial frames are always separated by a slow isotropic gradient at the macro scale - this slow change of gravitational average (energy density) is based on square law displacement from a mass forming gravity well. My posit is that this changes inside a conductive material with Casimir geometry - that you CAN have rapid changes in energy density and it can effect the energy balance IF you can control the bonding state of the atoms relative to changes in geometry (why pulsing pwms may play a part). It sidesteps the need for directional rectification because my posit is that the bond will oppose change in any direction - You need to load atomic gas into an energy density (casimir cavity) far displaced from our ambient level outside the cavity then allow it to form relativistic h2 which has a bond that accumulates opposition to this random motion as an energy discount toward disassociation because it opposes any force trying to displace it to a different energy density REGARDLESS of direction -it is easier to visualize this as a scaling difficulty a covalent bond realizes when it's atoms try to migrate between different energy densiies and the bond beomes stetched - Naudts proposal is really the same from a 4D perspective but explains better how you can have these different inertial frames and relativistic velocity while remaining SPATIALLY stationary to us the observers outside the reactor. Changing energy density is really EQUIVALENT to changing position in a gravity well - just like equivalent acceleration in a gravity well EXCEPT now you can have different equivalent accelerations without the normal square law displacements - and like all equivalent accelerations it is a permanent force associated with mass but this time greatly accelerated with a directional component afforded by the casimir geometry- That is what I consider to be the exploitable environment.. spatially adjacent stationary fields with different equivalent accelerations (energy density)- You can extract the energy accumulated by gas atoms as a discount toward disassociation and then nature reforms the molecule and starts accumulating energy again as long as the molecule remains in this tapestry of changing Casimir geometries. Fran Wikipedia definition of Vacuum Energy : Quantum field theory states that all fundamental fields, such as the electromagnetic field, must be quantized at each and every point in space. A field in physics may be envisioned as if space were filled with interconnected vibrating balls and springs, and the strength of the field were like the displacement of a ball from its rest position. The theory requires "vibrations" in, or more accurately changes in the strength of, such a field to propagate as per the appropriate wave equation for the particular field in question. The second quantization of quantum field theory requires that each such ball-spring combination be quantized, that is, that the strength of the field be quantized at each point in space. Canonically, if the field at each point in space is a simple harmonic oscillator, its quantization places a quantum harmonic oscillator at each point. Excitations of the field correspond to the elementary particles of particle physics. Thus, according to the theory, even the vacuum has a vastly complex structure and all calculations of quantum field theory must be made in relation to this model of the vacuum. The theory considers vacuum to implicitly have the same properties as a particle, such as spin or polarization in the case of light, energy, and so on. According to the theory, most of these properties cancel out on average leaving the vacuum empty in the literal sense of the word. One important exception, however, is the vacuum energy or the vacuum expectation value of the energy. The quantization of a simple harmonic oscillator requires the lowest possible energy, or zero-point energy of such an oscillator to be: E=1/2 hw Summing over all possible oscillators at all points in space gives an infinite quantity. To remove this infinity, one may argue that only differences in energy are physically measurable, much as the concept of potential energy has been treated in classical mechanics for centuries. This argument is the underpinning of the theory of renormalization. In all practical calculations, this is how the infinity is handled. Vacuum energy can also be thought of in terms of virtual particles (also known as vacuum fluctuations) which are created and destroyed out of the vacuum. These particles are always created out of the vacuum in particle-antiparticle pairs, which shortly annihilate each other and disappear. However, these particles and antiparticles may interact with others before disappearing, a process which can be mapped using Feynman diagrams. Note that this method of computing vacuum energy is mathematically equivalent to having a quantum harmonic oscillator at each point and, therefore, suffers the same renormalization problems. Additional contributions to the vacuum energy come from spontaneous symmetry breaking in quantum field theory. Implications Vacuum energy has a number of consequences. In 1948, Dutch physicists Hendrik B. G. Casimir and Dirk Polder predicted the existence of a tiny attractive force between closely placed metal plates due to resonances in the vacuum energy in the space between them. This is now known as the Casimir effect and has since been extensively experimentally verified. It is therefore believed that the vacuum energy is "real" in the same sense that more familiar conceptual objects such as electrons, magnetic fields, etc., are real. Other predictions are more esoteric and harder to verify. Vacuum fluctuations are always created as particle/antiparticle pairs. The creation of these virtual particles near the event horizon of a black hole has been hypothesized by physicist Stephen Hawking to be a mechanism for the eventual "evaporation" of black holes. The net energy of the Universe remains zero so long as the particle pairs annihilate each other within Planck time. If one of the pair is pulled into the black hole before this, then the other particle becomes "real" and energy/mass is essentially radiated into space from the black hole. This loss is cumulative and could result in the black hole's disappearance over time. The time required is dependent on the mass of the black hole but could be on the order of 10100 years for large solar-mass black holes. The vacuum energy also has important consequences for physical cosmology. Special relativity predicts that energy is equivalent to mass, and therefore, if the vacuum energy is "really there", it should exert a gravitational force. Essentially, a non-zero vacuum energy is expected to contribute to the cosmological constant, which affects the expansion of the universe. In the special case of vacuum energy, general relativity stipulates that the gravitational field is proportional to ρ-3p (where ρ is the mass-energy density, and p is the pressure). Quantum theory of the vacuum further stipulates that the pressure of the zero-state vacuum energy is always negative and equal to ρ. Thus, the total of ρ-3p becomes -2ρ: A negative value. This calculation implies a repulsive gravitational field, giving rise to expansion, if indeed the vacuum ground state has non-zero energy. However, the vacuum energy is mathematically infinite without renormalization, which is based on the assumption that we can only measure energy in a relative sense, which is not true if we can observe it indirectly via the cosmological constant. The existence of vacuum energy is also sometimes used as theoretical justification for the possibility of free energy machines. It has been argued that due to the broken symmetry (in QED), free energy does not violate conservation of energy, since the laws of thermodynamics only apply to equilibrium systems. However, consensus amongst physicists is that this is incorrect and that vacuum energy cannot be harnessed to generate free energy. In particular, the second law of thermodynamics is unaffected by the existence of vacuum energy. Moreover, in Stochastic Electrodynamics, the energy density is taken to be a classical random noise wave field which consists of real electromagnetic waves propagating isotropically in all directions. The energy in such a wave field would seem to be accessible e.g. with nothing more complicated than a directional coupler. The most obvious difficulty appears to be the spectral distribution of the energy, which compatibility with Lorentz invariance requires to take the form Kf3, where K is a constant and f denotes frequency. It follows that the energy and momentum flux in this wave field only becomes significant at extremely short wavelengths where directional coupler technology is currently lacking.
