Hi Akira Shirakawa, "... It's possible that during preparation, which might also involve heat and vacuum, nanoparticles are also magnetically charged to make them tend to repel each other."
Uh, so far all known magnets have two poles and attract each other, unless held in a lattice that confines them strongly in a repulsive pattern. On the nanoscale, this would store huge amounts of energy. The existence of actual magnetic monopoles of magnetic charge exists in various theories, as well as in vertically magnetized regions in very thin layers that are effectively two dimensional surfaces. In mutual service, Rich On Fri, Apr 29, 2011 at 11:23 AM, Akira Shirakawa <shirakawa.ak...@gmail.com> wrote: > Hello group, > > In a recent interview in italian by Radio24, Francesco Celani mentioned that > it is Yoshiaki Arata who first introduced in 2008 a few very important > innovations in LENR research in order to increase Pd-D reactivity in a dry > reactor cell (not using electrolysis). > > (for the record, a transcription in italian is available on 22passi blog: > http://22passi.blogspot.com/2011/04/nuova-intervista-di-mr-kilowatt.html ) > > The first mentioned one is that he used for the first time micro- and > nano-sized palladium powder. The smaller the powder gets, the higher is the > reproducibility and the excess heat recorded. We already know that the > nickel used in Rossi's E-Cat is possibly nanometer-sized. > > The second one is that palladium is deposited on a lattice of an inert > compound, in order to prevent the aggregation of nano-particles, or in other > words, to prevent globs of palladium which would reduce its total exposed > surface area. > > Last week, Christos Stremmenos (old friend of Focardi who worked on Ni-H > LENRs, and, most importantly, vice-president of Defkalion Green > Technologies) was interviewed by another italian radio station (Radio Citta` > del Capo). Again, an italian transcription of it is available on 22passi > blog (a human translation in English will be soon posted there too). > > He mentioned that in his personal experiments on Ni-H reactions he used to > remove oxides as much as possible from the nickel powder he used, by heating > it in a vacuum during initial preparations. This supposedly boosts the > hydrogen absorption. He also mentions that the more irregularly shaped > nickel got, the more it reacted with hydrogen. > > So what do we know so far? > - Focardi says that the secret compound MIGHT (probably does) promote atomic > hydrogen adsorption by the nickel powder > - Stremmenos says that oxides have to be eliminated as much as possible, to > improve hydrogen absorption > - Arata used nano-sized palladium powder bound with an inert element to > prevent palladium aggregation. Recently he also used nickel very > successfully in his experiments (found this on a presentation from ICCF15 on > lenr-canr.org) > > Leaving theoretical explanations aside, in my opinion it is slowly turning > out that powder preparation is essential for the huge excess heat shown by > Rossi. > > Nickel nanoparticles have to be processed to maximize surface area > relatively to their volume. They must not aggregate together, and oxides > must not form on them. It's possible that during preparation, which might > also involve heat and vacuum, nanoparticles are also magnetically charged to > make them tend to repel each other. This property would limit the maximum > temperature reached inside the reactor to a maximum of about 350 degrees, > the nickel Curie temperature. Thinking about it, it would be diabolically > clever by Rossi to suggest that temperatures of 450-500 degrees are used > instead. Focardi in the past months (can't find a reference for this > unfortunately), stated that Ni-H reactions inside their reactor start at > about 60 degrees Celsius, suggesting lower operating temperatures. > > My conclusion is that following Arata's example (from whom Rossi might have > got many ideas), there might be a ZrNi nanopowder. In Rossi's case it would > be quite processed (yet this doesn't apparently increase costs much. > Probably mass-production techniques and procedures help), oxygen free, > magnetically charged, packed together with some other currently unknown > compound promoting the formation of atomic hydrogen, maybe with heat (which > would get minimally consumed, if at all, over 6 months of time). > > These are only my observations based on available information, though. > I'm not an expert at all. > > Cheers, > S.A. > >
