Chuck, I see where you mention that cold fusion might occur near absolute zero.
Do you recall any direct evidence that this is happening? I would find that
an important link if proven, since atoms of deuterium trapped in a metal matrix
box might be cooled in a manner that simulates that temperature for pico
seconds.
One would think that hydrogen and its isotopes would be able to slip easily
through a metal crystal if ionized. The size of a proton without the orbiting
electron is extremely tiny, but I suspect that it is almost impossible for a
free proton to exist in such an environment without stealing electrons as it
progresses.
Dave
-----Original Message-----
From: Chuck Sites <cbsit...@gmail.com>
To: vortex-l <vortex-l@eskimo.com>
Sent: Sun, Feb 10, 2013 4:08 pm
Subject: Re: [Vo]:Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature
HI Ed,
I think it is apparent that a BEC in it's normal sense with temps at near
absolute zero is out of the question as you note. There are too many problems
like the coupling of the lattice to the fusion reaction. Still if you review
Kim's several presentations over the years he has developed a consistent and
testable theoretical frame work for a N-body mechanism of cold fusion at and
above room temperatures. I've always thought the physics was intriguing
regardless of the nuclear aspects, that a condensate deuterium ions (or
positive Bose ions or even virtual integer spin particles) could even form in a
metal lattice.
I also like the Chubbs' concepts and it's evaluation of deuterium ions moving
through a lattice and creating something new in physics, Bose-Band states.
In a periodic potential created by the host metal, you can work out a system
where the bose deuterons form quantum band states like the electron band states
found in solid state physics realm. However, unlike electrons that have to
obay the Polli exclusion principle, particles in the Bose band could occupy
the same state, and from BE statistics would prefer to occupy the bands grounds
states. It even seems likely that the Bose-band could even be superconducting
with respect to the ion channels which would show up as a drop in resistance,
something that people have observed. It seems possible that H2 molecules (or
pseudo-H2 molecules in a metal lattice like Ni) could also have bose band
states.
Even your suggestion Dr. Storm the hydrogen (H or D) could collect in lattice
dislocations is interesting with respect to either Kim's or Chubbs' work. For
example a long 1-D chain of deuterons might have some really unusual quantum
states just due to the 1-dimensional nature of the chain. It might fit a
kronig-penny model of periodic potentials and have even better potential of
N-body fusion because of the quantum geometry.
As far as why a BEC might result in nuclear fusion, there is a couple of
papers that were published years prior to P&F's big announce by Richard L
Liboff on D fusion rates in degenerate gas (a BEC), basically from the
overlapping wave functions from 2 D ions. It may have appeared in Physics
Letters circa 1977.
http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=R.+L.+Liboff+BOSE&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=1%2C18
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01050663?LI=true
What is fun reading Liboff's work is he is talking very very cold fusion! Near
absolute zero cold fusion!
Anyway, that's the basis of my naive understanding the BEC concepts for LERN.
No doubt there is much more to learn and discover.
Best Regards,
Chuck
-----
On Sat, Feb 9, 2013 at 10:07 AM, Edmund Storms <stor...@ix.netcom.com> wrote:
Chuck, consider these issues. First, the BEC between atoms has not been shown
to occur except near absolute zero. The claim for such a structure between
hypothetical particles based on a form of concentrated energy within a
structure really does not apply. Second. once a BEC forms, why would you think
it would result in a nuclear reaction? Third, if a fusion reaction occurred,
why would it not take the form of hot fusion? After all, the energy has to be
dissipated by a process that is not in evidence in the BEC. This idea is based
on a series of assumptions having no relationship to the theory of the BEC and
total ignorance about the electron structure in PdD. What constitutes a boson
is even uncertain in such a structure.
I suggest you read my explanation.
Ed
On Feb 8, 2013, at 11:33 PM, Chuck Sites wrote:
Its great to read Kim's reply. I;ve followed Dr. YE Kim's work for years along
with the Scott and Talbot Chubbs. I was convinced years ago, that the only
mechanism that would work for cold fusion was a BEC. A Bose Einstein
Condensate. It's a known physics fact that particles that enter the BEC state
form a single quantum state, and become something that is just best described
as weird. The actual matter wave (the De Broglie wave) that describes matter
at the smallest scales, overlaps. When you have overlapping waveforms of a
particle that has an attractive nuclear potential, they just snap together
within very well defined probabilities. It's the particles waveform overlap
that will induce fusion.
What Kim shows is that within solids metals, deuterium ions screened and charge
neutralized by the metals electron sea, can condense and form a BEC. When
deuterium is in a BEC state there is probability that the deuteriums will
interact via strong interactions. Dr. Kim has suggest two things of interest.
First, that condensation could happen in a hydrated metal and the rules that
describe the quantum overlap are modified my the metals electronic environment.
In YE Kim's theory, it only takes 10-100 Deuterium ions to make a BEC within
a metal. And the number of ions in the BEC glob is temperature relative.
I think Kim's theory is pretty convincing with deuterium in metals, What has
been difficult for me is explaining the Hydrogen in metal systems. The problem
being that H-ion is a fermion quantum 1/2 spin state, and is forced to follow
the Pauli exclusion principle and so will never have an overlapping waveforms
or the potential for strong interactions between protons.
Perhaps a pair of H ions waveforms interacting with W/Z's might flip enough to
the Proton-Proton chain. As it is now, I really struggle to understand how H
in a metal creates excess heat.
Best Regards,
Chuck
--------
s
On Fri, Feb 8, 2013 at 9:02 PM, Kevin O'Malley <kevmol...@gmail.com> wrote:
Hello Vorts:
See below for confirmation from YE Kim that the formation of a BEC at room
temperature gives his LENR theory a leg up.
Kevin O'Malley <kevmol...@gmail.com>
1:22 PM (4 hours ago)
to yekim, ayandas, pkb
Hello Dr. Kim. I left you a voicemail regarding this. Does the formation of
a BEC at room temperature make your theory of Deuteron Fusion more viable?
Wasn't the main criticism of your theory that BECs couldn't form at higher
temperatures?
Y. E. Kim, "Bose-Einstein Condensate Theory of Deuteron Fusion in Metal", J.
Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. 4, 188 (2011),
best regards,
Kevin O'Malley
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/01/29/1210842110
Polariton Bose–Einstein condensate at room temperature in an Al(Ga)N
nanowire–dielectric microcavity with a spatial potential trap
Ayan Dasa,1,
Pallab Bhattacharyaa,1,
Junseok Heoa,
Animesh Banerjeea, and
Wei Guob
Author Affiliations
Edited by Paul L. McEuen, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved
December 21, 2012 (received for review June 28, 2012)
Abstract
A spatial potential trap is formed in a 6.0-μm Al(Ga)N nanowire by varying the
Al composition along its length during epitaxial growth. The polariton emission
characteristics of a dielectric microcavity with the single nanowire embedded
in-plane have been studied at room temperature. Excitation is provided at the
Al(Ga)N end of the nanowire, and polariton emission is observed from the lowest
bandgap GaN region within the potential trap. Comparison of the results with
those measured in an identical microcavity with a uniform GaN nanowire and
having an identical exciton–photon detuning suggests evaporative cooling of the
polaritons as they are transported into the trap in the Al(Ga)N nanowire.
Measurement of the spectral characteristics of the polariton emission, their
momentum distribution, first-order spatial coherence, and time-resolved
measurements of polariton cooling provides strong evidence of the formation of
a near-equilibrium Bose–Einstein condensate in the GaN region of the nanowire
at room temperature. In contrast, the condensate formed in the uniform GaN
nanowire–dielectric microcavity without the spatial potential trap is only in
self-equilibrium.
Bose–Einstein condensation
exciton–polariton
Footnotes
1To whom correspondence may be addressed.
E-mail: ayan...@umich.edu or p...@umich.edu.
Author contributions: A.D. and P.B. designed research; A.D. and J.H. performed
research; J.H., A.B., and W.G. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; A.D.
analyzed data; and P.B. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
This article contains supporting information online at
http://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1210842110/-/DCSupplemental.
Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.
Reply
Reply to all
Forward
Kim, Yeong E
5:24 PM (32 minutes ago)
to me, ayandas, pkb
Hi, Kevin,
Yes, the formation of a BEC of deuterons (or other Bose nuclei) makes my theory
more viable.
The claim, made by some that BECs could not form at room temperatures, was
based on an inconclusive conjecture
which assumes that the Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB ) velocity distribution applies
for deuterons in a metal.
This conjecture was not based on any theories nor on any experimentally
observed facts.
The MB velocity distribution is for an ideal gas containing non-interacting
particles.
There are no justifications to assume the MB velocity distribution for
deuterons in a metal.
The published paper by Dasa, et al. quoted below indicates that the conjecture
is not justified.
I have stated at seminars and conferences (in the proceedings) that
“The BEC formation of deuterons in metal at room temperatures depends on the
velocity distribution
of deuterons in metal at room temperatures. The velocity distribution of
deuterons in metal has not
determined by theories nor by experiments and is not expected to be the MB
distribution”
The published paper by Dasa, et al. supports the above statement.
Yeong
keSent: Friday, February 08, 2013 4:22 PM
To: Kim, Yeong E
Cc: ayan...@umich.edu; p...@umich.edu
Subject: Bose Einstein Condensate formed at Room Temperature
