Mark, I agree that we do not know all we think we know and many rules
can be violated when conditions change. Nevertheless, we do have a
collection of observations that show how Nature behaves. Some of these
behaviors have been described in ways we call laws because the
descriptions always apply. Of course, a person has to understand what
the law actually means. For example, I find that many people, even in
science, do not understand what the Laws of Thermodynamics mean. This
problem is especially notable in physicists.
Also, I have observed that mathematicians can find a mathematical way
to explain ANYTHING - just give them a few assumptions. This means
that what we think we know is determined by the initial assumptions,
not by the applied math itself. The math can be made to fit the
observations and may even provide predictions that fit behavior.
However, this does not mean the assumption is correct. Take the Big
Bang theory as a perfect example. This is based on an assumption that
cannot be tested. A complex collection of mathematical consequences
are created that seem to fit most observations. Meanwhile the Steady
State theory does the same thing and also generates math that fits
observations. Which theory you believe depends on which conflict with
observation you wish to ignore.
This same problem occurs with cold fusion. Which theory you accept
depends on which conflict with observation you wish to ignore. I'm
trying to create a theory that ignores no observation and no accepted
behavior of Nature. Meanwhile, people simply propose and discuss any
imagined idea that comes into their head without any awareness of what
is known about CF or about Nature in general. That is my frustration.
New ideas are required, but not at the expense of ignoring all else.
Science has come a long way and does not need to reinvent the wheel
every time a new phenomenon is discovered.
On May 18, 2013, at 8:10 PM, MarkI-ZeroPoint wrote:
I know Ed has expressed concern, and a bit of frustration, at how
some of the Collective’s discussions are too OOTB, or seemingly
without much concern for basic physics principles, for a seasoned
scientist’s tastes… and he certainly has a valid point. However,
many here do have a good grounding in science and engineering, and
we at least try to apply the ‘laws’ of physics (and I use the term
‘laws’ carefully)… but we also know that those laws have a LIMITED
sphere of applicability; they do NOT apply everywhere! I have
found it necessary in several Vort threads to remind the
discussioneers that the Laws of Thermodynamics ONLY APPLY TO CLOSED
SYSTEMS. Too often that minor point gets lost… When dimensions
become small enough, or time scales fast enough, that quantum
mechanical phenomena begin to influence things, those laws can
either appear to be, or actually be, violated, in those instances.
But I digress… back on point.
In trying to reduce Ed’s frustration level with the ‘loose’
conversations that fly around inside the Dime Box Saloon, I would
like to drill down a little more into nothingness, and look inside a
NAE…
---------------
Assume we start out with a chunk of solid palladium with NO internal
voids or ‘cracks’…
Stress that chunk of palladium so a crack/defect/void forms in the
interior of it, removed from the outer surfaces…
assume that this void is several hundred atoms long, and a few tens
of atoms wide.
Have Scotty miniaturize you, and beam you into the center of that
void…
Questions to contemplate:
1) what’s inside that void?
The answer depends on which theory you accept. In my case, the void
consists initially of a strong negative charge created by the
electrons in the wall that are associated with the metal atoms making
up the wall. The charge is strong because it is now unbalance as a
result of the walls being too far apart for the electron orbits
(waves) to be properly balanced. This condition attracts hydrons
(hydrogen ions), which enter the gap by releasing Gibbs energy. In so
doing, they create a tightly bonded covalent structure in the form of
a string. The hydrons in this string are closer together than is
normally possible because the electron concentration between them is
higher than normal. When this structure resonates, the hydrons get
even closer together periodically, depending on the frequency of
vibration. Each time they get to within a critical distance, energy is
emitted from each hydron as a photon. Once enough energy has been
emitted as a series of weak photons, the fusion process is completed
by the intervening electron being sucked into the final nuclear
product. The details of how this process works will be described later.
2) what’s the temperature in that void?
The temperature is very high, but not high enough to melt the
surrounding material. As a result, some energy is lost from the gap as
phonons. The photon/phonon ratio is still unknown. Nevertheless, the
rate of photon emission is large enough to be detected outside of the
apparatus when H is used.
3) are there any fields (as in E or B fields) inside that void?
The E and B fields are strong.
4) what is the mean free path of a free electron or proton in that
void?
The electrons that create the covalent bond between the hydrons are in
a superconducting state. Their path is limited by the length of the
string.
This description is consistent with all thermodynamic requirements and
is missing only one feature that needs to be better understood. Of
course, this model is not like any other, although it contains
features that have been suggested by other people. I have simply taken
various parts and put them together into a bigger picture. In so
doing, I have created a map that can be improved as new features are
discovered because we now know where to look and what to look for.
After all, that is the function of a theory, or at least that is what
we are taught.
Ed Storms
------------------
Looking fwd to the Collective’s thoughts…
-Mark
