Hi all In reply to Jones Beene on the matter of who the author is referencing:
I agree the paper does not reference *Mills *other than in passing where the author states in the introduction: "Numerous experimental data on low energy nuclear reactions assisted by the crystalline environment [1-3] leave little doubts about the reality of LENR, but a comprehensive theory of this phenomenon remains a subject of debates [2-4]. Some of the proposed models attempted to modify conventional nuclear physics by introducing various types of transient quasi-particles and structures such as Hydrino, Hydron, Hydrex etc. that were expected to lower the Coulomb barrier. Other, less radical, models pointed out at the possibility of screening of the Coulomb barrier by atomic electrons. Comprehensive review can be found in refs [2-4]. However, none of these models can explain even qualitatively all salient conditions required for the LENR, which have been summarized by McKubre et al [2] as follows..." So he is not supporting the Hydrino theory that Mills and blacklight power espouses. *Ahern *is also not mentioned in the paper. Would you care to mention where you think the paper supports Ahern's view? *Storms* is referenced a couple of times: Page 6 "The above mentioned results demonstrate that the increase of concentration of the highenergy light atoms with increasing temperature is attributed to the thermally-activated excitation of gap DBs in the sub-lattice of light atoms supporting essentially nonlinear localized vibrational modes. These findings are of primary importance for the concept of LENR driven by DBs, since they point out at the two ways of creation of the so called “nuclear active environment” (NAE, as defined by Storms [3]), which is associated with an environment supporting DBs in the present paper. The first way is thermal activation of DBs in the sub-lattice of D or H within the compound nanocrystal, in which the heavy component is represented by a suitable metal such as Pd, Pt, or Ni. This way seems to be the basic mechanism for the LENR observed e.g. in specially treated nickel surface exposed to hydrogen at high temperatures (see refs.76-79 in [3]). The second way is the DB excitation by external triggering such as the atomic displacements in the course of exothermic electrolysis at metal cathodes (majority of LENR experiments) or due to energetic ions, obtained by discharge in gas containing hydrogen isotopes (see refs. 48, 49 in [3]). Naturally, both mechanisms may operate simultaneously under LENR conditions, and this synergy should be reflected in a viable model of DB excitation, the construction of which is attempted in the next section." Page 10 "Small size of PdD particles is required since the triggering of DB creation occurs due to the propagation of the vibrational energy from the surface (by quodons, focusons etc.) down to some depth, and the smaller is the particles the more atoms can be involved in the DB creation, i.e. become “nuclear active”. This is manifested in the model by the inversely proportional dependence of the power output on the particle size (see Fig. 12 (a)). Storms [3] underlies that “not all small particles are nuclear-active, other factors must play a role as well". From the point of view of the present model, this can be explained by a crucial role of impurity atoms that can strongly affect the phonon spectrum of PdD. Although impurity atoms are localized and their concentration may be low, they may change the phonon spectrum of the whole crystal and extend it into the DB range, which would suppress the DB formation and make the particle "nuclear inactive" (or vise versa!). This consideration may be a useful tool for the search of the “nuclear active environment” (NAE) by the way of doping the Metal-D or MetalH crystals with elements changing the phonon spectrum so that to mediate the DB creation." The paper does reference *Swartz:* Page 10 "In the introduction we sited the problem formulated by McKubre et al [2] concerning the coupling of the adsorption/desorption reaction energy into modes of lattice vibration appropriate to stimulate D + D interaction. Indeed, in spite of a number of models trying to take into account the phonons, i.e. packets of wave-energy present in a lattice, as the LENR drivers (see e.g. refs to Hagelstein, Swartz, and F. S. Liu in [3]), one could not help feeling that something important was missing in the theory. Phonons were expected to move energy between nuclei, thereby creating enough localized energy to overcome the Coulomb barrier. But phonons are plane harmonic waves, essentially delocalized in the crystal, and the amplitude of atomic vibrations in harmonic range does not exceed ~0.1 Å [30], which is absolutely insufficient for the tunneling at any observable rate (Fig. 13), whatever the underlying mathematics is. In contrast to phonons, DBs, also known as intrinsic localized modes, are essentially localized atomic vibrations that have large amplitudes of ~ 1 Å, which, at least in principle, can bring atoms very close to each other in the anti-phase oscillation mode. DBs can be excited ether thermally at sufficiently high temperatures (which are above the temperature range of typical radiolysis) or by external triggering producing atomic displacements in the subsurface layer, which facilitate the DB creation. " I hope this makes the paper clearer for us all. Kind Regards walker
