Kivin--
My grasp is based on intuition--not existing theory. I happen to agree with Don Hodson’s concern about basic physics teachings that do not account for the energy associated with spin in the mass of the proton and other particles. Spin energy has always been neglected in my opinion in nuclear energy calculations. I think there is a lot of data that show spin energy is quantized and associated with angular momentum, and maybe linear momentum as well--I do not know. Plank’s constant connects spin angular momentum with linear momentum of a particle via the particles wave function frequency. Most people assume that momentum and kinetic energy are connected, even at relativistic conditions. Bob Sent from Windows Mail From: Kevin O'Malley Sent: Tuesday, July 22, 2014 9:09 PM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Bob: I think you have a good grasp on what in the end will have been considered important to look at. Please see my comments embedded in your email as 3 asterisks***. On Tue, Jul 22, 2014 at 8:29 PM, Bob Cook <frobertc...@hotmail.com> wrote: Axil-- Axil, you are getting warm--changing spin energy--angular momentum--into EM and then heat energy is the key. ***This is a great concept to pursue. If the Nuclear Reaction of LENR turns out to be harnessing spin energy changes, then everyone wins. It wasn't fusion, so the hot-fusion boys save face. But it was nuclear, so pons&fleischmann were right after all. As we have discussed before, Cooper pairing is key to the reaction of changing spin energy to heat. ***I have been avoiding coming up to speed on Cooper pairing because I do not understand it. But you have changed my resolve. Bob Chemical effects to modify the spin of hydrogen is a doorway through which the LENR reaction must pass before the LENR reaction can occur. Hydrogen is NMR active, its nuclear spin is non zero. A chemical reaction must occur before hydrogen can undergo fusion. The spin of hydrogen must be reduced to 0. The transformation of hydrogen into Rydberg matter is how the spin of hydrogen is made 0. ***So, right here it would appear that you finally stepped off the curb and said something quite controversial. This is accomplished by the production of a hydrogen plasma and its subsequent cooling. ***I have been noticing some of this in the literature. For instance, it is possible that the first set of reactions of NiH are actually ENDOthermic, cooling things down, and possibly encouraging the formation of Luttinger Liquid 1Dimensional BECs. You state plainly that a plasma is present. Plasma physics change EVERYTHING. They are so complicated that basically no one understands it. I have never met a single person who can understand a flame to me, let alone the special case of a plasma flame. Now, another thing about cooling. Right here on Vortex, Ed Storms did not realize that KP Sinha was using lasers to COOL the environment rather than heat it up. Sinha was using laser cooling in a similar fashion as Dr. Hu, who was Obama's Science Advisor for several years after getting his Nobel Prize for creating the first BEC with laser cooling. It all sorta comes together once you put on the endothermic laser cooling glasses. A one dimensional crystal structure of hydrogen dust ***ONE dimensional! Crystal structure! Hydrogen! Sounds like my V1DLLBEC theory! will form in which the nuclear spin of hydrogen is reduced to zero through cooper pairing. ***Damn you, you're gonna make me come up to speed on Cooper pairing. It is cooper paired hydrogen that can be a reaction component in the LENR reaction. The LENR reaction will always accompany hydrogen plasma formation either through heat or arc discharge. ***Here's another blinking red light: Arc Discharge. What do you think of my associated theory? Posted elsewhere What do you think of my theory? To: *All; y'all; et al* Here’s my theory. On either side of a crack in the substrate material, you’ve got electrons moving at different speeds, creating a microscopically small differential capacitor. The vibrations push the differential charge “upward”, which is to say from the smallest separation of the crack to the largest. When the charge differential gets to a certain point, a spark is generated. This spark is what creates the Nuclear Active Environment. But it is not due to plasma physics, it is due to a force generated by a spark that goes across the anode & cathode of a capacitor. In the below Quantum Potential article, a propulsive force was found that matches these conditions (except that we’re seeing it on a microscopic level). Asymmetric Capacitor Thruster http://www.quantum-potential.com/ACT%20NASA.pdf An earlier SBIR study commissioned by the Air Force reported a propulsive force caused by a spark between ACT electrodes [3]. The study [3] also focused on ACT thrust in high vacuum (10−5 to 10−7 Torr) and reports small (on the order of 10 nN) thrust in vacuum under pulsed DC voltage conditions. Furthermore, the study [3] reports observation of thrust when a piezoelectric dielectric material such as lead titanate or lead zirconate (high relative dielectric constants of k = 1750) was used between the ACT electrodes. The thrust was apparently produced by slow pulsing spark-‐initiated breakdown of the dielectric. The magnitude of the propulsive force increases with the intensity of sparking across the dielectric. The study [3] recommended further exploration of sparking across dielectrics as a source of propulsive forces in ACTs. Unfortunately, no such follow-‐up study was conducted. I believe this Asymmetric Capacitor force has been previously described as the Poynting Vector. I think it is enhanced by the advent of a spark across the electrodes. But I might be mistaken. http://jnaudin.free.fr/html/pft01.htm During a charging process of a flat capacitor, the Poynting vector ( S=ExH ) comes from outside the capacitor towards the wire connections, parallel to the surface of the armatures inside the dielectric medium. There is an energy flow directly proportional to ExB. This energy is not provided by the wires but comes from the surrounding space around the capacitor. ( ref: "The Feynman Lectures on Physics : Electromagnetism vol2, Chap: 27-5, fig 27-3" by Addison-Wesley Publishing company. ) So, this Poynting Asymmetrical Capacitor Vector generates a unidirectional force. Any protons within its path would be propelled into a nearby Hydrogen atom which is trapped inside a Palladium matrix. This force is enough to overcome the Coulomb Barrier. A couple of guesses: There would have to be hundreds of thousands of these sparks every second, constantly spitting matter or protons or electrons in one direction similar to a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) particle accelerator, where only 1 in 100k particles actually collides with a nucleus of a hydrogen atom and fuses. This force is proportional to the distance between electrodes, so the effect would happen closer to the small vertex of the crack rather than the large ends of the crack. The transfer of energy of fused atoms is mostly heat because the collision is unidirectional, and the gamma rays that are emitted only come out in certain geometrical probabilities, and most of those probabilities are directly in line with host atoms on the palladium (or nickel) matrix. I look at it similar to a pellet gun hitting balloons -- most of the time the air escapes the balloon in almost the same regions each time. These reactions only occur one atom at a time, so the geometrically restricted release of gamma rays is similarly restricted. The released energy is absorbed by the matrix one atom-release at a time. On Mon, Jul 14, 2014 at 8:11 PM, Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com> wrote: > Some appetizers to hold you over > > http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2896450/posts
