Quality of scribe should not be compromised at any cost. People who
conduct
the exams have to tighten the invigilation. Totally with you on this.
-----Original Message-----
From: AccessIndia [mailto:[email protected]] On
Behalf
Of Kotian, H P
Sent: 16 June 2015 16:13
To: AccessIndia: a list for discussing accessibility and issues concerning
the disabled.
Subject: Re: [AI] Writer guidelines
All
We should steadfastly oppose any move to dilute the scribe guidelines. The
only point of discussion is the alternatives available to strengthen the
invigilation process.
We should rightfully use the UNCRPD provisions to strengthen the case.
Harish Kotian
-----Original Message-----
From: AccessIndia [mailto:[email protected]] On
Behalf
Of Amit Bhatt
Sent: 16 June 2015 15:19
To: AccessIndia: a list for discussing accessibility and issues concerning
the disabled.
Subject: Re: [AI] Writer guidelines
I also endorse your opinion.
If guideline needs to be blind centric, then the examination venue should
also be within the reach of the candidates. So she/he can easily reach to
the center.
It has been noticed on numerous occasion when the venue was kept on very
awkward and far-off areas.
Candidates of Delhi would be agree with the recent example of OICL
examination center.
Thanks,
Amit Bhatt
On 6/16/15, Kotian, H P <[email protected]> wrote:
All
According to me, the writer guidelines should be blind centric.
1 Blindness can come in any times of ones life and therefore the
ability to deal with blindness varies with person's situation
2Technical subjects also needs writer who are familiar with the
subject
3 Writers provided by examination body are usually not upto the mark
and there are umpteenth examples where the blind person has to suffer
as a result of it.
4 Strict invillation is the only solution for dealing with any
malpractise and one can always resort to technology solutions like
videography which is not very expensive these days.
We cannot go back to the 2006 situation which we got it with a lot of
difficulty and convincing.the only way forward is to impress on making
the envigilation process more stricter and to curb any leakages if found.
Harish Kotian
-----Original Message-----
From: AccessIndia [mailto:[email protected]] On
Behalf Of Kotian, H P
Sent: 16 June 2015 11:20
To: AccessIndia: a list for discussing accessibility and issues
concerning the disabled.
Subject: [AI] Writer guidelines
All
Copying below a mail from Kanchan which did not get on the list.
Harish Kotian
Quoting:
Dear Friends,
The time has come to once again discuss this very important issue. Let
us do so objectively whilst keeping in mind the UPSC and SSB's
objections to the qualification of writers.
Just to recap.
1. We had a meeting in Feb. 2008 with the ministry and the minutes
were recorded and nothing further happened for many years apart from
individuals getting reliefs from different courts on a case to case
basis.
2. Certain senior memmbers of this group approached the CCPD and
Ministry in
2012 and submitted the representation copied below.
3. I am not sure whether CCPD issued the 2013 guidelines taking into
consideration the representation of 2012 or only considered the
representation and minutes of 2008.
4. Many VI candidates appearing for the UPSC 2014 have represented
toUPSC
that the Preliminary examination should be with the candidate's writer
while the Main examination should be with UPSC's writer. They have a
valid point but then the SSB feels that its exam should be with the
SSB's writer. If this goes on and if any concession is made for any
Examiner then we are back to pre-2006 situation.
5. We have 2 routes open at the Meeting that is to be held this
week- one stick to the 2013 guidelines and wait till UPSC blinks and
back to court.
or be practical and give some concession on the qualification of a
writer.
Both positions are correct. Both positions are vulnerable and we have
to be realistic and vigilant.
Whatever is the advice of this group I will be carrying to Delhi. I
have always share the issues and have always gone with the majority
opinion.
This has been my baby since 2006 when I first got guidelines for
Maharashtra.
Waiting for a detailed discussion.
Copying below the 10 page representation that was submitted in 2012.
Can we find a compromise between 2013 guidelines and 2012 representation?
Annexure A
Uniform Guidelines for Conducting Examinations (Practicals and/or
Theory) for Blind and Low Vision Persons
Purpose:
These guidelines are being issued by the Ministry of Social Justice
and Empowerment, Government of India on the basis of the state's legal
obligations towards persons with disabilities. More specifically,
obligations and rights enshrined in the Constitution of India, the
Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights
and Full
Participation) Act, 1995 and the Right to Education Act, 2009. These
guidelines are also in alignment with India's obligations under the
United Nations Conventions on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
(UNCRPD),
2006 guaranteeing all human rights and fundamental freedoms at the
place of study and work. It will, hence, apply to all examining
authorities and examinations/tests in India.
These guidelines need to be understood in the spirit of seeking to
provide the appropriate reasonable accommodation and opportunity to
blind and low vision candidates to effectively participate in the
examination process. The examining authorities may further interpret
the guidelines to help blind and low vision persons to be able to give
their exams freely and fairly. Rigid interpretation which tends to be
disabling needs to be avoided. In all interpretation, the onus needs
to be given to making the examination process conducive and barrier-free
for the candidate.
Further, these guidelines have to be seen as an evolving set of rules
which will be reviewed and built upon on a periodic basis. They aim to
encourage multiple methods of taking exams such as Braille, computers,
adaptive technologies etc. based on varied candidate needs rather than
restrict the heterogeneous group within a single format. These
guidelines are aimed at increasing the opportunities available to
blind and low vision persons and make the process of exam-taking by
them widely known and understood to all stakeholders.
These guidelines are being framed for blind and low vision persons
specifically. The Ministry or examination bodies can borrow the same
for other persons with disabilities as also for temporary disabling
and limiting conditions with additional specification that will need
to be made for other situations.
Guidelines
Guideline 1: Definitions
For the purpose of these guidelines,
1. "Blind Person" means a person having the condition of blindness,
as
defined
under the existing national disability laws enforced from time to time.
2. "Person with low vision" means a person having the condition of
low
vision
as defined under the existing national disability laws
enforced from time to time.
3. "Disability Certificate" means a certificate issued by a
competent
authority as
defined under the existing national disability laws enforced from time
to time.
Guideline 2: General Principles
1. These guidelines are applicable across India to all examination
authorities,
educational bodies, schools, colleges, universities, competitive exam
bodies, internal/promotional exams and any other exam/test-taking
institution that conducts an exam/test within the geographical limits
of India.
2. These guidelines apply to theory, practicals and multiple-choice
examinations; both paper tests as well as electronic examinations.
3. The facility of scribe/reader/lab assistant is permitted to any
blind
and low vision person.
4. The Examination authorities need to ensure that no candidate with
blindness or low vision will be discriminated against from an equal
and fair examination-taking process due to fear of malpractice,
additional cost or inconvenience. It will remain the responsibility of
the examination body to ensure appropriate invigilation, provide for
appropriate finances and resources to create an accessible examination
taking process for blind and low vision candidates.
5. The candidate will not be asked to bear any extra cost or fee to
avail
of accessible examination services.
6. To ensure lack of undue inconvenience, an existing valid disability
certificate should be accepted across the country as proof of disability.
The examination authority is not to ask for any additional disability
inspection or examination.
7. The examination/test-taking authorities need to widely and
appropriately publicize these guidelines to all relevant stakeholders.
Guideline 3: Use of Scribe/Reader/Lab Assistant
1. The candidates can opt for their own scribe/reader/lab assistant
or
request the examination body for the same. The candidates' preference
for the same will be recorded by the examination authority at the time
of filling up the application form for the examination or at the time
of admission registration form or as a separate application system set
up by the examination authority as may be most feasible.
i. If the candidate is bringing their own
scribe/reader/lab assistant, the application procedure needs to be
completed by the candidate at least one to three weeks prior to the
commencement of the examination. The candidate at the time of
application to submit any one of the scribe/reader/ lab assistant's
most readily available bona fide proof (college or school or employer
ID/bona fide certificate/mark sheet) along with a self declaration on
a plain paper from the scribe/reader/lab assistant saying that the
information provided by him/her is true and he/she meets the
eligibility of the scribe/reader/lab assistant for the said examination
and he/she won't indulge in examination malpractice.
ii. In case of the candidate requesting the examination
authority for a scribe/reader/lab assistant, the said needs to be
intimated to the examination authority minimum three weeks prior to the
examination.
2. Whether a scribe/reader/lab assistant is brought by the candidate
or
being provided by the examination authority, the following criteria
must be
met:
i. Fluency in reading and writing in the language of the
test being taken
ii. Fluency in reading and writing of the subject matter of
the test
iii. Speed of writing with legible handwriting
iv. Efficiency in use of computer, in case it is a computer
test
It shall be the responsibility of the examination authority to ensure
that no malpractice takes place through effective supervision. The
quality of the scribe cannot be compromised at the fear of malpractice.
3. The examining body to maintain a panel of scribes/readers/lab
assistants at the
District/Division/State level as per the requirements of the
examination. A scribe/ reader/lab assistant provided by the examining
body needs to fulfill the criteria as listed in point 3.2.
The examination authority to organize for the candidate to meet the
scribe/ reader/lab assistant within one week prior up to the date of
the examination based on the convenience of the candidate.
The candidate shall reserve the right to make an appeal to the
concerned authority of the examination body in case he/she finds the
scribe/reader/lab assistant does not meet the criteria as specified in
point 3.2.
4. In case of candidate bringing their own scribe/reader/lab
assistant
the following criteria will apply:
i. For all examinations and tests up to Standard 8- it would be
incumbent on the school authorities to create a panel of
scribes/readers/lab assistants (from other teachers, parents or
community members who could be part of the scribe/reader/lab assistant
pool). The examination authority has to provide a scribe/reader/lab
assistant unless the candidate makes a specific request that he/she
will arrange a scribe/reader/lab assistant on one's own. Upon making
such a request, the candidate will be allowed to use their own
scribe/reader/lab assistant meeting the criteria laid down in point
3.2. There will be no other criteria of age/education. The school has
to ensure proper invigilation as at a school level it is impractical
for younger students to be writers. A Standard 3 child cannot be expected
to function as a writer for a Standard 4 child.
ii. For all examinations from Standard 8 up to post graduation, if
the
candidate and scribe/reader/lab assistant are of the same stream, the
educational qualifications of the scribe/reader/lab assistant should
be one year below that of the candidate. This means that if the
student is appearing for a Second Year Arts/Humanities examination, if
his scribe/reader/lab assistant is from the Humanities/Arts stream,
the scribe/reader/lab assistant can be up to the First year. However,
this condition will not be applicable if they are of different
streams. That is, if a Second Year Arts/Humanities student uses a
scribe/reader/lab assistant from the B.Sc/Science stream the
scribe/reader/lab assistant can be from a higher year
(Third.Year.Science/ Masters in Science etc.) as well. Apart from
this, no other restrictions such as marks obtained by the
scribe/reader/lab assistant are to be imposed.
iii. In all other examinations such as all competitive examinations,
all
job examinations, the scribe/reader/lab assistant will be one year
below the qualifying year for the examination but not less
than/minimum of Standard 10. i.e. in all cases where the eligibility
for the examination is less than Standard 10, a scribe/reader/lab
assistant up to Standard 10 will be permitted. Apart from this, no
other restrictions such as marks obtained by the scribe/reader/lab
assistant are to be imposed.
iv. In cases where, if following rule 3.4.ii and 3.4.iii does not
allow
the writer to meet the minimum eligibility criteria as laid down in
point 3.2, the candidate will be allowed to use writers of appropriate
higher years to ensure fluency in reading and writing the subject. The
examination authority to process these requests on a need basis. For
e.g., in case of a foreign language paper a junior class student may
not have fluency in reading the paper at hand, in which case, a same
year student or higher year student be permitted with proper
invigilation.
5. The candidate is permitted to take more than one
scribe/reader/lab
assistant for writing different papers in an examination cycle and
also for different papers in a single day examination.
6. In case of emergency situations, there will be flexibility in
accommodating any last-minute change in scribe/reader/lab assistant.
For any last-minute change, the candidate can bring a new
scribe/reader/lab assistant with any of their most readily available
bona fide proof (college or school or employer ID/bona fide
certificate/mark sheet) and a letter from the scribe/reader/lab
assistant saying that the information provided by him/her is true and
he/she meets the eligibility of the writer for the said examination.
For emergency situations, the examination bodies will also, at all
times, keep a pool of scribes/readers/lab assistants that can be
utilized. The examination authorities' scribe/reader/lab assistant's
eligibility is only to be measured as per point 3.2 and hence, it
would be easy for the authorities to keep a pool of qualified
teachers/supervisors etc. who can come in for an emergency.
Guideline 4: Mode of Taking Examination
1. Blind and Low Vision persons will be given the option of choosing
the mode for taking the examinations i.e. use of writer/scribe,
Braille, using the computer or in large print or by recording the
answers.
2. The candidate will also have the option of selecting a question
paper in alternative formats - Braille, large font, electronic copy
(latest accessible copies such as Unicode, HTML, RTF, ePUB etc. should be
provided).
Large font specification needs to be mentioned by the candidate. A
maximum font size of 20 can be requested for.
3. The candidates' preference for the same will be recorded by the
examination authority at the time of filling up the application form
for examination or at the time of admission registration form or as a
separate application system set up by the examination authority as may
be most feasible.
4. The examining body to provide reading material in Braille or
accessible E-Text or large and bold font or on computers having
suitable screen reading softwares for open-book examinations.
Similarly, online/computer examinations should be in accessible
formats i.e. websites, question papers and all other study material
should be accessible as per the accessibility standards laid down in this
regard.
Guideline 5: Computer Assisted Examination
1. To enable a person with blindness or low vision to write his/her
own
examination using a computer, the following need to be provided by the
examination centre to the candidate:
i. A computer loaded with a
screen reading software and screen Magnification software.
ii. The configuration of the
computer should not be less than the installation requirements of the
screen reading software and screen magnification software.
iii. The computer must have a
functional sound card.
iv. A headset needs to be
provided
to the user. Candidates should be allowed to bring their own simple
headsets.
v. The computer needs to be
completely free of virus.
vi. A Word Processing software
needs
to be provided on the computer.
2. The candidate should be allowed to bring their own keyboard that
could be attached to the computer at the examination centre.
3. The candidate should be able to use their preferred assistive
technology on the computer provided by the examination centre. If the
examination centre is not able to provide the assistive technology
preferred by the candidate, the candidate should be allowed to bring
his/her own assistive technology. This may be installed by the person
designated by the examination centre at least one day prior to the
examination.
4. UPS /invertors for back-up support must be installed and
connected
at the centre. Enough power back-up needs to be provided for the
examination centre.
5. Two printers may be kept for taking the final print-outs of the
answer sheets. Assistance to take print-outs of the answer sheets
needs to be provided by the examination centre.
6. The candidates should be allowed to check the computer system on
the
day before the examination so that they can familiarize themselves
with the computer and assistive technology installed on them. They
should be allowed to make necessary configurations in the assistive
softwares and the user interface if they feel that it will increase
their efficiency. If the candidate is not happy with the functioning
of the computer, then he/she should be allowed to check another computer
system.
7. If the examination is a skill test only i.e. typing test, then
the
candidate should be allowed to bring his own computer if he/she is not
satisfied with the computer available at the examination centre.
8. The candidates should be allowed to install any specific
technology
which they possess which they find essential to access the basic word
reading programme and carry out proofreading.
9. On the day of the exam, access to the computer is to be given at
least 30 minutes before the start of the examination.
10. A soft copy of the question paper in an accessible format such as
HTML/RTF/TXT/DOC/DAISY/ePUB should be provided at the start of the
examination and copied to the computer being used for examination. The
soft copy of the question paper cannot be provided in DTP software
format or in PDF format as these are not compatible with screen
reading software. If question papers cannot be provided in an
accessible digital format or in a preferred alternative format such as
Braille, then the examination centre needs to provide a reader to read
the question paper for the candidate.
11. If the examination is being administered through a computer
software then the compatibility of the software with screen reading
software and usability without mouse must be ensured beforehand.
12. The candidate should be asked to save his work at regular
intervals. It will be the responsibility of the candidate to hand over
his work to the examiner at the end of the stipulated time of the
examination.
13. In case of power failure, the time of power failure is to be noted
and the same amount of time augmented in the end time of the paper.
14. The candidate should be given a choice in the use of keyboard
layouts for Indian language typing. If the preferred keyboard layout
is not installed, the candidate should be given the opportunity of
installing softwares for activating the desired keyboard layout.
15. Extra time need to be provided to the candidates similar to the
time provided to the candidates giving examinations with the help of
writer
16. At the end of the examination, the work done by the candidate
should be printed on official stationery. This should be treated like
any other answer sheet and all necessary information such as
candidate's roll number, name of the examination & paper; number of pages
used etc. should be marked.
17. After making sure that the complete answer sheet has been clearly
printed on paper, the computer files may be deleted. In case of
practical exams, the computer files may need to be preserved for
evaluation.
Guideline 6: Alternative Questions
In case of visual-based questions, all question papers must have
built-in alternative text based non- visual questions. However, the
candidate will have the freedom to opt for the visual questions, if
they so choose. There are already examination bodies such as the CBSE
board following this.
Guideline 7: Compensatory Time
Compensatory time of minimum 20 minutes per hour of examination will
be granted for persons who are making use of a scribe/reader/lab
assistant.
This will hold true for both theory and practical examinations. All
the Blind and Low Vision persons not availing the facility of scribe
will also be allowed the compensatory time of minimum 20 minutes per
hour.
Guideline 8: Use of Assistive Devices
1. The candidates will be allowed to use assistive devices like
talking
calculators and other assistive electronic/mechanical equipments (in
cases where calculators/parallel equipments are allowed for giving
exams).
2. All Blind and Low Vision candidates will be allowed to use
educational assistive tools. For e.g., optical and digital magnifiers,
Taylor frame, Braille slate, Abacus, Braille geometry kit, Braille log
books, Braille measuring tape etc., which are merely enabling tools.
Guideline 9: Practical Examination
1. For practical examinations the candidate be permitted to use a
lab
assistant to make observational recordings, wherever required. The
qualification rule of the lab assistant will be the same as per
guideline 3 above.
2. For practicals and experiments, the Blind and Low Vision students
be
allowed to use material converted, wherever possible, into accessible
formats such as tactile diagrams, large font and expanded size
diagrams, Braille, accessible equipments etc. The same will be worked
on and be made available by the examination authorities who may
consult experts in the field of visual impairment.
3. Blind and Low Vision candidates will be allowed to feel objects
and
any other practical apparatus for identification and any other purpose
of the examination.
4. If any experiment contains visual content to a large extent, the
student will be examined on that experiment or that aspect of the
experiment through a viva. The competent authority, after consultation
with appropriate agencies on visual impairment, will specify the
experiments in the syllabus which involve visual content to a large
extent for the information of the Blind and Low Vision student and the
examiners. The said information will be specified in the syllabus
published and practical manuals published at the beginning of the year
itself.
5. Practicals on computer programs need to be made accessible with a
screen reader/magnifier/refreshable Braille and suitable assistive
technology program.
6. Blind and Low Vision students should be allowed to use Braille or
a
word processor program to type his/her journals and then print-outs
can be either filed as a journal or they can be pasted in a regular
journal. In the absence of a computer facility, the student will be
allowed the use of an assistant to write the journal. No criteria will
apply to who the assistant will be as this is out of class work.
7. Blind and Low Vision students will be exempted from drawing
diagrams
in the journal. For Low Vision students who are comfortable drawing
diagrams, they may be permitted to do so. For students not drawing
diagrams, in place of the diagram, a description of the same will be
written. If the student wishes, he/she may attach any tactile diagrams
used by him/her to study. For the purpose of evaluation, the marks for
diagrams will be compensated by the written explanations.
8. As far as possible, the examination authority to conduct
accessible
practicals as per the method listed in points 9.1 to 9.7. In
situations where accessible practicals cannot be conducted, the said
examination to be replaced by a viva or multiple-choice questions or
any other method found suitable by the examination authority.
Guideline 10: Administrative requirements
1. Proper seating arrangement to be made prior to the commencement
of
the examination to avoid confusion or distraction on the day of the exam.
For candidates using scribes, adequate spacing between candidates
should be provided.
2. Proper lighting needs to be ensured for Low Vision candidates
including permission to bring their own lighting, in which case,
suitable power connection needs to be provided.
3. The time of giving the question papers should be marked
accurately
and timely supply of supplementary papers should be ensured.
4. The examination authority to organize for appropriate power back-up
for
all assistive devices at the examination taking time.
5. The question papers and answer papers will have rules related to
extra time, exemption of visual questions and use of scribe printed on
them.
The answer paper will have a marking spot that specifies candidate
with visual impairment. This is to avoid any confusion for the
supervisor and evaluator in appropriately checking and marking.
6. Scribes/readers/lab assistants will be eligible for fees to be
provided by the examination authority as per the rates of the
invigilators.
In addition, the scribes/readers/lab assistants will also be paid a
TA, as decided by the examination authorities or Rs. 100, whichever is
higher. The said fees have to be disbursed on the same day as the
examination. This fee amount is a per-paper fee.
7. Each examination authority to designate the necessary points of
contacts at the central authority level as also at the examination
centre levels. These designated authorities to be responsible for
processing requests of the Blind and Low Vision students and
addressing concerns/grievances, providing services and ensuring
appropriate implementation of these rules. The contact information of
the said officers needs to be published in all application/admission
forms, advertisements, brochures, website, directories and any other
suitable places.
In case of refusal/denial of any service or accommodation, the said
designated authority, both at the central as well as the examination
centre level, is mandated to provide a written reply to the candidate
for the refusal of the same.
8. The said guidelines will be reviewed on a 5-yearly basis to keep
up
with new technologies and services available in the field as also
advances in the educational systems. The review will be conducted by
the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment in consultation with
all relevant stakeholders.
Kanchan Pamnani
Advocate & Solicitor
9, Suleman Chambers,
Battery Street, Colaba,
Mumbai - 400 039.
________________________________
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