And metaphors are only one kind of relationship of similarity. And there are times when we want to consider relations of dissimilarity as well. For example, we might want to think about opposites in order to define a range of a kind-of-thing. Furthermore, some attempts to define opposites don't work and we end up with multiple ranges of differentiation. You can see this most easily in negations of conjunctions. These methods of reasoning by similarity or dissimilarity are defined by using the concepts of similarity and dissimilarity. We might want to find other concepts to use in a definition of a method of reasoning analogous to these methods. These methods would usually be instances of reasoning by similarity or dissimilarities but they would be more narrowly defined. However, we might discover some particular concepts that we could use for a method of reasoning analogous to the method of reasoning by similarity which were not truly reasoning by similarity. The only one I can think of is reasoning by random relations or something like that. (Technically, randomness must be defined within some kind of range of sameness so there would be an aspect of similarity to the method.) But other methods of reasoning are important because discernment is a requirement of intelligence. Jim Bromer
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