On Thu, Jan 23, 2014 at 5:39 PM, Sergio Donal <[email protected]> wrote:

> What do you mean by "holes"?
>


Holes = variables​, which are taken to be universally quantified.

For example,  father(john, peter) is a "ground" sentence (ie, proposition)
without holes.

But father(X, Y) has 2 holes which can be filled with "objects".

If we say ∀ X,Y.  father(X, Y) → has_beard(X)  then the formula is
universally quantified.

Such a rule can be "instantiated" by various objects to become ground
sentences.  So a rule is like a template.

One idea is to represent rules in an *ordered* vector space, such that a
rule r "covers" an instantiated formula f, if r > f.  Such a relation
creates a *cone* shape in the vector space.

See, for example, the book "Cones and duality" (Aliprantis & Tourky 2007).



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AGI
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