Pei,

No. To me that is not intelligence, though it works even better.


This seems to me to be very divergent from the usual meaning
of the word intelligence.  It opens up the possibility that a super
computer that is able to win a Nobel prize by running a somewhat
efficient AI algorithm could be less intelligent than a basic pocket
calculator that is solving optimization problems in a very efficient way.

It seems to me that what you are defining would be better termed
"intelligence efficiency" rather than "intelligence".



Let is also why I think the definition of intelligence in psychology
cannot be directly accepted in AI. For human beings, problem-solving
ability at a certain age can be used approximately to indicate the
learning ability of a system (person),


I don't see this.  Unless they are designed to be highly culture neutral,
such as a Raven test, IQ tests usually test for knowledge as well as
problem solving.  In this way they can estimate how well the individual
was able to learn in the past.


They don't need to have the test in mind, indeed, but how can you
justify the authority and fairness of the testing results, if many
systems are not built to achieve what you measure?


I don't see that as a problem.  By construction universal intelligence
measures how well a system is able to act as an extremely general
purpose problem solver (roughly stated).  This is what I would like to
have, and so universal intelligence is a good measure of what I am
interested in achieving.  I happen to believe that this is also a decent
formalisation of the meaning of "intelligence" for machines.   Some
systems might be very good at what they have been designed to do,
but what I want to know is how good are they as a general purpose
problem solver?   If I can't give them a problem, by defining a goal
for them, and have them come up with a very clever solution to my
problem, they aren't what I'm interested in with my AI work.

Shane

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